Power-Control Strategies: Analyzing Grid-Connected Hybrid Generation

This report provides an analysis of power-control strategies for a grid-connected hybrid generation system designed to maximize the utilization of renewable energy sources such as wind and photovoltaic energies. The system employs an adaptive MPPT algorithm alongside standard perturb and observe methods. The configuration allows the system to operate in three different modes: normal operation, dispatch operation, and averaging operation, achieved through modified hysteresis control and a power averaging technique using a low-pass filter. Dynamic modeling and simulations were performed using PSCAD/EMTDC software. The report details the project's objectives, the author's role as team leader, and the challenges faced, including team management and system configuration, along with their respective solutions. The project aims to develop an efficient and effective hybrid system capable of converting DC output from non-conventional energy into useful AC power, demonstrating its potential as a future source of energy.

COMPETENCY
DEMONSTRATION REPORT
Career Episode 2

CE 2.1 Project Information
Name of the project: Analyzing Power-Control Strategies of A Grid-Connected Hybrid
Generation System with Versatile Power Transfer
Location of the project: [PLEASE FILL]
Project Duration: [PLEASE FILL]
Organization: [PLEASE FILL]
Role and Designation during the time: Team Leader
CE 2.2 Project Background
CE 2.2.1 Characteristics of the project
I have analysed the strategies and features those could be utilized for the development of
the grid-connected hybrid generation system with versatile power transfer. The proposed system
will allow the community to harness the renewable sources of energy in an efficient and effective
manner such as photovoltaic and wind energy. I have used an adaptive MPPT algorithm along
with standard perturb and observe method for the proposed system. This configuration allows the
two sources to supply the load separately or simultaneously depending on the availability of the
energy sources. We contributed in the development of the system that can be utilized as the
future source of energy. I had choose this project considering the growing growth in the
consumption of energy and less production of the sources those could fulfill the present needs
and requirements of the individuals.

CE 2.2.2 Objectives developed for the project
As the leader of the team I had to pave a path for the entire team that can be used as the
point of concentration and deliver the project in an efficient and effective manner:
 To propose a power source system that can be utilized as a future source of
energy
 To execute the project in an efficient manner
 To analyse the grid-connected hybrid generation system with versatile power
transfer
 To manage the budget of the project low as much possible
 To accomplish the project milestones within time
 To manage the team and their roles and responsibilities in an efficient and
effective manner
CE 2.2.3 My area of work
I was chosen as the team leader and hence, my primary job was to manage the team
members and keep them on track while executing the project through proper and effective
communication. I used my leadership skills for the team management and tried to keep them
focused towards the objective of the project. I embedded the configuration that allows two
sources to supply the load separately or simultaneously depending on the availability of the
energy sources. I coupled the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator with wind turbine for

attaining wind energy conversion system in manner to develop an efficient model that can be
utilized for the ultimate output of the project.
CE 2.2.4 Project Group
CE 2.2.5 My responsibilities throughout the project
I was responsible for analysing and proposing the theoretical and practical works
throughout the project lifecycle. I managed the resources and the necessary information from
various scholar articles available on the internet and library for the consideration of every sector
that might be connected with the project context. The mechanical arrangements, electrical
connections, and configuration were sensitive parts of the project those needed to be
accomplished in an efficient and effective manner. I had accomplished all these milestones of the

project and tried to monitor the project related operational activities in manner to harness the
maximum efficiency and make sure that the project can be used in the real world.
CE 2.3 Distinctive Activity
CE 2.3.1 Comprehending the theory of the project
The proposed system presents power-control strategies of a grid-connected hybrid
generation system with versatile power transfer that will be allowing the maximum utilization of
the renewable sources of energy such as wind and photovoltaic energies. I used an adaptive
MPPT algorithm along with standard perturbs for the observation of the entire system. I
proposed the system that will be helpful in converting the DC output from non-conventional
energy into useful AC power and utilize them in the real life. The system I proposed can be
operated at normal condition including the room temperature and at normal wind speed. I
simulated the results for the identification of the efficiency of the system that can be gained
through the model and design presented.
CE 2.3.2 Engineering knowledge and skills applied in the project
I developed the project that is capable of addressing dynamic modeling and control of a
grid-connected wind–PV–battery hybrid system with versatile power transfer. I have developed
the hybrid system that can operate in three different modes including normal operation without
use of battery, dispatch operation, and averaging operation. I applied two modified techniques
including modified hysteresis control strategy for a battery charger or discharger and a power
averaging technique using a low-pass filter in manner to effectively achieve such modes of
operation. I introduced the Dynamic modeling and simulations those were based on Power
System Computer Aided Design/Electromagnetic Transients Program for DC

(PSCAD/EMTDC), power-system transient-analysis software. I executed the theory related to
the program on the basis of the Dommel’s algorithm in practical use that was specifically
developed for the simulation of high-voltage direct current systems and efficient for the transient
simulation of power system under power-electronic control.
CE 2.3.3 Accomplishment and task performed
I was assigned as the team leader and my primary objective was to manage the roles and
responsibilities of the team members without in an efficient and effective manner. I had to also
ensure that the project needs to be completed within the expected schedule and budget. I divided
the project in four different phases in manner to analyse all the factors those could be considered
while delivering the project. Firstly, I analysed the solar and wind non-conventional energy and
analysed the various aspects related to these renewable source of energy and proposed the hybrid
system. The next phase was MPPT that was needed to be accomplished in manner to identify the
purpose and functioning of the algorithm. Thereafter, the analysing section includes the battery
and simulations in manner to identify the efficiency and effectiveness of the developed project.
CE 2.3.4 Identified issues and their solutions
2.3.4.1 Issues
I had identified that the management of the team was one of the issue as we were from
different backgrounds and it was being tough for them to accomplish the project constraints. The
second identified problem was to configure the hybrid system after analysing it. The proposed
circuit should be capable of converting the power, current, and harness the power from the
photovoltaic and wind energy.

2.3.4.2 Solutions
I established a routine in which, every team member will have to attend the meeting
every day before and after the project and just talk with each other, other than the work that
alternatively helps in establishing a better relationship with each other. Following is the circuit
topology that describes the configuration of the hybrid system:
Fig 3.4: Configuration of Hybrid System
CE 2.3.5 Plan to produce creative and innovative work
I read many articles and research papers those were demonstrating about the properties
and behaviours of the renewable source of energy from various techniques however; all the
approaches were an individual approach. Thus, I tried to utilize the combination of two systems
and propose a hybrid system that can allow the system to be much efficient and effective.
Following results were collected after analysing the basic switching controls characteristics of
switching devices:
Type Function Current Voltage Switching
Time
Upper
Frequency
On
State
Resistance
Forced Reserve blocking 5000 5000 200 1 0.25

turned off
thyristor High Speed
Reverse Conducting
GATT
Light Triggered
1500
1000
400
1500
1200
2500
1200
6000
20
40
8
200-400
10
5
20
1
0.50
2
2
2
Diode General Purpose
High Speed
Schottkey
5000
1000
<100
5000
3000
<100
100
2-5
0.25
1
10
20
0.1-0.2
1
10
TRIAC - 300 1200 200-400 1 0.5
Power
MOSFET
Single 10 500 1 100 1
Power
Transistor
Single
Darlington
250
400
400
1200
10
30
20
10
5
10
MCT Single 60 600 2 100 20
IGBT Single 400 1200 2 100 60
Maximum voltage and current ratings of power electronics switching devices:
Device Current rating
(amperes)
Voltage Rating
(volts)
Operating Features
IGBT 400 1200 Combines the advantages of
BJT,MOSFET and GTO
BJT 400 1500 Requires large current to turn on
MOSFET 100 1000 Higher Switching Speed

CE 2.3.6 Collaborative work
The project was delivered by the entire team and everyone had contributed their sector of
the job in efficient and effective manner. The project would not be completed without the
contribution of the entire team. I lead them towards the accomplishment of the project and I was
successful in making a connection in between them in manner to assure that the project will be
accomplished in an efficient and effective manner. I made sure that the efforts and capabilities of
every individual has been effectively and efficiently contribute in the growth and development of
the organization.
CE 2.4 Project Review
CE 2.4.1 Project Overview
I analysed the final readings of the project and collected the following results of the life
cycle of hybrid system:
TIME Characteristics
0-1s
1) Solar energy with full irradiance
2) Wind Turbine tends towards base speed of 12m s after 0.5 s
3) Battery gives partial supply to load
4) Load is 10 KW

1-2s
1) Wind achieves 5.6 KW
2) Battery stores 5 KW
2-3s
1) Solar Energy Reduced by 15
2) Battery stores 3.5 KW
3-4s
1) Wind speed decreases by 25 to 9m s
2) Battery gives partial supply to load
4-5s
1) Load is increased by 40
2) Battery is responsible to overcome 40 load demand
5-6s Load demand comes to previous point
CE 2.4.2 My contribution to work
I executed my part of the job that includes the collection of valuable data and information
and analyse them in manner to develop an efficient system that can be used as the future source
of the power. I managed the team members and always approached them to accomplish the
project objectives and goals. I lead the project successfully and the developed project was
capable of producing the electricity within the normal condition. I had successfully managed the
works related to my team and mine that helped in delivering the project successfully.