CE 3.1 Project: GSM/GPRS Based Vehicle Tracking and Speed Detection

This project report details the development of a GSM/GPRS-based vehicle tracking system with integrated speed detection and toll collection capabilities. The project, a mini-project in an engineering curriculum, aimed to design a system that utilizes GSM/GPRS for vehicle tracking, speed monitoring, and efficient toll collection. The report covers the project's objectives, the student's role in designing the tracking system and documenting the project. It explores the engineering knowledge and skills applied, including telecommunications engineering, microcontroller usage (ATMEGA16), and the application of GSM/GPRS technology for data transmission. The report also discusses the theoretical underpinnings of the project, including GPS, GPRS, and the use of RADAR and AVI technology. Furthermore, the document highlights the issues encountered, such as calculating vehicle speed, and the solutions implemented. The project successfully integrated various components like ATMEGA microcontroller, LCD display, GSM/GPRS modem to achieve its objectives.

CE 3.1 Project Information
Name of the project: GSM/GPRS Based Vehicle Tracking System and Speed
Detection as well as Toll Collection
Location of the project: Please fill
Project Duration: Please fill
Organization: Please fill
Role and Designation during the time: Team Member of the project
CE 3.2 Project Background
CE 3.2.1 Characteristics of the project
This project of GSM/GPRS Based Vehicle Tracking System and Speed Detection as
well as Toll Collection was the second mini project in my engineering career. The project
provided the most important and significant advancement in the wireless communication
field. The vehicle tracking is one of the most vital requirements in transportation business. If
the vehicles will be tracked properly, several accidents could be easily avoided. Moreover,
the speed of the vehicles can be checked in the process with the help of a microcontroller.
Our system having capacity to reduce traffic at toll collection and increase efficiency of
police to capture the any driver that increases is speed of vehicle comparing with the
restricted speed.
CE 3.2.2 Objectives developed for the project

The project of GSM/GPRS Based Vehicle Tracking System and Speed Detection as
well as Toll Collection comprises of two significant objectives. These objectives are as
follows:
 To design vehicle tracking system on the basis of GSM/ GPRS.
 To detect the speed of the cars.
 To reduce the traffic at toll collection.
CE 3.2.3 My area of work
During this project of GSM/GPRS Based Vehicle Tracking System and Speed
Detection as well as Toll Collection, I was well experienced since I had already worked in
two other projects and I utilized my previous experience. My major area of work was to make
the design of the vehicle tracking system. The designing was done on the basis of GSM or
GPRS. My next area of work was to document the project report properly.
CE 3.2.4 Project Group

Figure 1: People involved in the project
CE 3.2.5 My responsibilities throughout the project
I was involved in this particular project during the entire period and thus was
successful in executing all the duties or responsibilities that were given to me. My first
responsibility in the project was to make the design of the vehicle tracking system. I faced
few difficulties in the starting of the project; however, at the end I was successful in
mitigating all of them. My next important responsibility in this particular project was to
document the project report perfectly and without any flaws. I even arranged for weekly
meetings, so that we can check for the project follow ups. This helped us in mitigating the
project issues effectively and the project was completed on time.
CE 3.3 Distinctive Activity
CE 3.3.1 Engineering knowledge and skills applied in the project
The major skills and knowledge that I have utilized for the success of the project was
knowledge of telecommunications engineering. I knew that if I will apply my skills and
knowledge in the project properly, it is evident that the project will be a huge success. I am a
hardworking person and have excellent problem solving skills. Since I was a quick learner, I
utilized my experience in this particular project. I had also used my computer proficiency in
the project, which included MS Office, MS Project and many more. Analytical power was
also used here.
CE 3.3.3 Comprehending the Theory of Project
The excess growth and advancement of the intelligent transportation system provides
new opportunity within the area that is utilized for the benefits of the society. The vehicle
tracking system is helpful for the enhancement of the driver security and also the proper

communication within the security violation and vehicles. The speed violation is another
important and significant problem in today’s world. With the help of the vehicle tracking
system, the particular problem of speed violation and avoiding of accidents could be easily
avoided. This was done with the help of a GPS or GPRS. The tracking of the vehicle GPS or
Global Positioning System is the system for satellite navigation, which could ascertain the
longitude and latitude of any GPS receiver device over the vehicle. The GPS comprises of
more than 24 global positioning satellites. Each satellite transmits radio signals, which can
help to determine the location, speed and direction of travel of users equipped with GPS
receivers. For ensuring the whole world being covered by the constellation of GPS satellites,
they are eventually arranged in a manner that the satellites could be positioned in every
orbital plane. The in built GPRS module transfers this received data from the satellite to the
web server for tracking the data of the vehicle properly. In this technique GPS is required to
collect the position of vehicle which having some shortcomings. The major problem in this
system is the in vehicle GPS devices never share the data of location with the other devices.
The mobile communication systems need knowledge of the position of the devices within the
network. The accuracy of the position of the vehicle is determined with this system.
The microcontroller is the most vital requirement in this project. It has monitored
various digital inputs of the project and the digital outputs are controlled. The microcontroller
forms the heart of an embedded system. We have selected the microcontroller of ATMEGA
16. It is a lower power, high performance CMOS 8 bits microcontroller with the 8k bytes of
the in system programmable flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-
density non-volatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard
instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be
reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional non-volatile memory programmer. By

combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip,
the Atmel ATMEGA16 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly flexible.
The GSM modem eventually exposes a basic interface, which enables applications
like SMS to send as well as receive messages over the interface of modem. The specific
mobile operator charges for the sending or receiving of messages. The system of vehicle
tracking with the help of several technologies has required a huge amount of research as well
as development. The vehicle tracking system using the global system for mobile
communication or GSM or digital mapping is utilized in our project. Comparing all the
technologies based on operational methodology and cost effectiveness we have selected this
technology to use in the system where in the system is designed to manage and track a large
fleet of vehicles. The key features of the system are an open-source GIS platform, real-time
location information update, and a web-based user interface.
For this particular project, we thought of considering RADAR, instead of GPS.
However, after proper testing, we selected GPS as it provided more accurate results. The
automated vehicle identification technology or AVI technology was utilized for identifying
the vehicle. IT eventually collects the specific data of the vehicle by the help of several
sensors. The data comprises of the ID of vehicle and the information regarding RF smart tags.
It is an RF device that is located within the vehicle for conjunction of RF antenna or reader.
The smart tag contains a microprocessor, which maintains account balance information
updated each time the smart tag is used. There were three frequency ranges utilized in the
process by the RF smart tags. They are 900 to 928 MHz, 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz. Amongst
these three, we selected the frequency range of 900 to 928 MHz .

Three distinct positioning techniques were utilized for tracking. They were self
positioning, remote positioning and indirect positioning. For the purpose of simulation of our
tracking GSM, we assumed this model as following:
i) The number of BS to be N
ii) Signals from BSs are measured at MS
iii) All cells in system are deployed with omni directional antennas.
The system of our project comprises of nine important components. They are
ATMEGA microcontroller, LCD display, IR Receiver, IR Transmitter, Max 232, ULN 2003,
GSM/ GPRS modem, power supply and stepper motor. This system would be collecting the
speed and transmit to base station through GSM/GPRS modem. As per the commands given
by the modem to the server, the control signal from the SMS is extracted and is used as
information about vehicle and if speed is greater than limited speed which is set by each
government agency then all fines reduce from his account and SMS is send to driver that such
amount is reduced form.
Figure 2: Block Diagram of GSM/GPRS Based Vehicle Tracking System and Speed
Detection as well as Toll Collection
CE 3.3.4 Identified issues and their solutions

3.3.4.1 Issues
The most significant problem that we faced within this project was during calculating
the speed of the vehicle that was deployed in the RF transmitter. This was delaying our
project to a greater extent.
3.3.4.2 Solutions
I gave relevant suggestions to my team members for resolving the above-mentioned
problem. I suggested that if the distance between the two BS is made fixed or restricted, the
time difference between the two signals would be helpful in calculating the speed of the
vehicle.
CE 3.3.5 Plan to produce creative and innovative work
We therefore made an important plan for this particular project. Our plan was very
simple. We performed as a group and thus were successful in fulfilling the responsibilities
that were given to us. Moreover, we attended workshops for understanding our work with
betterment.