This report delves into the chain of infection, focusing on the critical role of hand hygiene and environmental cleaning in healthcare settings. It emphasizes the importance of hand hygiene practices for healthcare professionals and patients, highlighting the need for frequent handwashing to break the chain of infection. The report also addresses the significance of maintaining a clean environment, including the use of appropriate cleaning agents and personal protective equipment (PPE) to prevent the spread of microorganisms. It emphasizes the need for proper training and documentation of cleaning procedures to ensure effective infection control measures. The report references relevant studies to support its findings, providing a comprehensive overview of infection control strategies.