Research Proposal: Promoting Hand Hygiene in Healthcare Settings

This research proposal focuses on identifying effective strategies to promote hand hygiene within healthcare settings. The introduction establishes the research aim and objectives, emphasizing the importance of hand hygiene in preventing infections, especially in light of situations like COVID-19. A literature review synthesizes existing research on hand hygiene's significance, factors influencing compliance, and various promotion methods. The research methodology outlines a descriptive design, utilizing a positivism research philosophy, a deductive approach, and quantitative research methods, including questionnaires, to collect data. Data analysis will involve frequency distribution analysis and MS-Excel for graphical representations. The proposal concludes with recommendations for promoting hand hygiene, aiming to improve patient safety and reduce the spread of infections within healthcare environments. The proposal also includes a table of contents, references, and an abstract summarizing the research's purpose and scope.

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

ABSTRACT
Main purpose of this project is to identify the ways that helps in promoting of
hand hygiene in healthcare setting. This is a main purpose and for accomplishing this,
different activities or chapters will be completed by investigator. Introduction is a first
activity of this project that is completed by developing research aim and objectives,
explaining overview and background of the study etc. This activities will support the
researcher in executing of next activity systematically. Literature review is a next activity
that was done by collecting secondary data from secondary sources such as
magazines, books, articles, publication research etc. These are consider main sources
that helped researcher in attainment of research aim and objectives. Research
methodology is a main activity that was completed through positivism research
philosophy, deductive approach, quantitative research, questionnaire etc. These are
effective for researcher in collection of quantitative information regarding the ways of
promoting hand hygiene. Data analysis is essential part that was successfully
completed by researcher through frequency distribution analysis as an analytical tool.
MS-Excel software also followed by investigator for making graphs according to the
research questions. Conclusion and recommendations has been completed by
explaining entire information of project in clear manner. In recommendations, some
suggestions related to the topic were provided to the researcher that helped in research
completion and attainment of research aim.

Table of Contents
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
LITERATURE REVIEW ..............................................................................................................6
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.....................................................................................................1
FEASIBILITY STUDY- RESOURCES AND BUDGETARY CONSIDERATIONS..................8
IMPACT..........................................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS..........................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

TITLE: Promoting hand hygienic within health care setting.
INTRODUCTION
Background of Research
Hands are main pathways of the germ/pathogen transmission at the time of care.
Hand hygiene is necessary measure in order to neglect germs transmission as well as
prevent the health related infections. This is one of the effective way of the cleaning of
one hand which minimizes the potential pathogens on hands. It is regarded as main
measure for minimizing transmitting infection risk between health care personnel and
patients. The continuous hand washing is an effective way to remove germs, prevent
germs spread to the others (Alshehari, Park and Rashid, 2018). In situation of COVID-
19, it is necessary to wash hand with soap and use sanitisers in order to prevent it. In
regards to this, practising that consists use of the alcohol based hand rub and it is
simplest way for preventing pathogens spread as well as infection within healthcare
setting. Other than this, promoting the better hand hygiene is effective way for
increasing safety as well as health care quality facilities. The better hand hygiene
consisting between health workers and patients that assists in stop infection spread,
control bacterial risk mutations and makes healthcare more significant. Other than this,
in healthcare setting give the hand sanitizers to patients and check to assure that they
are using it. It is necessary to pay attention to the hand hygiene at end of the shifts as it
is when clinicians are likely to washing hands. WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in
Health Care give the health care workers, hospital authorities and the hospital
administrations with thorough evidence review on the health hygiene in the health care
and particular recommendations in order to improve practices and minimize pathogenic
microorganism to patients. Present guidelines are mainly intended to executed in any
condition under which the healthcare is provided either to parties or particular group in
population (Von Lengerke and et. al., 2017). This mainly applied to all the setting where
the health care is occasionally or permanently perform like home care through to birth
attendants (Carter and et. al., 2016).
Rationale of Research
The present research has been taken into consideration on ways for promoting
hand hygienic within health care setting. Researcher will conduct the investigation in

personal and professional context. In personal context, an investigator wants to
enhance is knowledge about the effective promotional ways through which the hand
hygiene can be promoted. On the other hand, in professional context, researcher can
able to enhance the research and analytical skills in order to conducting research
activities in systematic manner. This will be helpful to an investigator to getting the
positive outcomes in future (Deyneko and et. al., 2016).

LITERATURE REVIEW
Title 1: Importance of Hand hygiene for the health care setting
According to the Allegranzi, B (2020). Hand hygiene refers to the way of cleaning
an individual's hand that considerably reduces potential pathogens on one's hands. It is
considered a primary and main measure for decreasing the risk of transmitting infection
or ill health among health care personnel and patients. Procedures of hand hygiene
includes the use of hand washing with soap and water and alcohol-based hand rubs. In
case of surgical procedures, use a surgical hand scrub before placing on sterile
surgeon’s gloves. For non-surgical and routine dental examinations procedures,
perform an alcohol based hand rub and use water as well antimicrobial soap specific for
healthcare setting. Along with this, unless hands are visibly soiled for example dirt, body
fluids, blood etc., an alcohol-based hand rub is preferable over soap as well as water in
most clinical situations because it requires less time, produces reduced bacterial counts
on hands, improves skin condition with less dryness and irritation than soap and water.
Hand hygiene is important way because it helps in preventing of infections. Hospital
patients are most at risk of processing infections, especially when they have a surgical
injury or are obtaining medicines or fluids via a tube into their body (Haac and et. al.,
2017). Having clean hands is essential and most effective way of making sure an
individual do not pass on ill health that could come in the patient’s body via a wound or
tube entry point. Hand hygiene is the most essential and significant procedure, even to
keep spread bacteria from the atmosphere of the patient to the patient himself. Hand
hygiene is important in healthcare setting because it will helps them in preventing of
coronavirus effectively. Thus, hand hygiene is an effective and essential way of
preventing infections on one's body. This will helps in removing the germs from hands.
This assist prevent inflections because' people rarely touch their nose, mouth and eyes
without even realising it. This is important for people to wash their hands on regular
basis because germs can get into the body via mouth, nose, eyes and make us sick
(King and et. al., 2016). Therefore, it is highly important for healthcare setting and
helps service provides to save patients life.
Title 2: Different factors which impacts on the hand hygiene compliance

Esmail Khodadadi (2020) stated that hospitals infections are better known as necessary
risk related factors into the health-care unites and in this hand hygiene is first step in
controlling all infections. In this present time, World Health Organization (WHO) has
reported has been reported that the hospital infections as serious global problem that
leading to the prolonged infections, enhanced cost, high morality and ineffective
treatments. Around 50% of the hospital infections are mainly caused through personnel
hands. Wearing the gloves minimized pathogen transmission risk to patients through
staff of health care. World Health Organization (WHO) has emphasized gloves use
when this comes to contact with the body fluids as well as secretions when required for
meeting precautionary needs. In context to hand hygiene compliance, hand hygiene is
significant method of the infection control program but compliance is poor. Interventions
are related to the hand hygiene consist bad compliance control that is mainly conducted
through direct observation. There are different factors impacting the hand hygiene
compliance given below:
Low compliance- This consists compliance with the practices related to hand
hygiene is unintentional. There is more awareness regarding hand hygiene between
hand hygiene compliance. The main reason for the lack of compliance is invisible target.
They are mainly carrying the pathogens on hands because they not not be see them
(Kingston, O'Connell and Dunne, 2016). Other reason is that they cannot connected
with patients when the pathogens many transmitted from contaminated hands. Risk
related to hand hygiene compliance from not performing the hand hygiene is minimum.
Mainly patients bear cumulative risk of all the non compliance episodes and there are
many problems related to patient risk perception.
Changing habits- Main reason that hand hygiene compliance do not wash hand
more is because they are more busy or there is not more hand rub dispensers available.
Hand hygiene compliance is overwhelmed through thinking of the others specifically
status of patients. If the hand hygiene was required to remember each patient then this
would be more flub (Labrague and et. al., 2018). This is something that requires to be
dine as habit without thinking it. Main issue is related with lack of the hand hygiene
compliance is that people are not hard-wired in order to perform the hand hygiene in
sensing absence on hands.

Different ways through which hand hygiene can be promoted within the health care setting
On the basis of Kelly M. Pyrek (2020) practising the hand hygiene is an effective
way for preventing the infections, cleaning hands can prevent spread of the germs
consisting those which are resistant to antibiotics and becoming complex if possible to
be treat. It is necessary to promote the hand washing as this removes the gferms from
the hands and also infections. The people touch their nose, mouth and eyes frequently
without realising its. The germs can not The hand hygiene is major measure to
minimize the infections. Adhering to strict routine of hand hygiene has related directly to
drop in the hospital infection rate (Lambe and et. al., 2019). It is necessary to pay the
special attention to the hand hygiene at end of the shifts as it is when the clinicians are
likely to wash hands. Ask to colleagues regarding hand hygiene in order to remind the
importance (Zottele and et. al., 2017). Set positive example of the better behaviour of
hand washing in context to encourage compliance of other colleagues. Give the hand
sanitisers to patients upon arrivals at hospital and also check periodically to assure that
they use it (Laskar and et. al., 2018).

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Aims and objectives
Research aim:
The aim of this research is “To identify additional ways for promoting hand
hygiene within health care setting.”
Research objectives:
 To examine the importance of hand hygiene for health care setting.
 To identify the factors impacting hand hygiene compliance.
 To determine additional ways for promoting hand hygiene within health care
setting.
Research questions:
 Why hand hygiene is important for the health care setting?
 What are the different factors which impact hand hygiene compliance?
 What are different ways through which hand hygiene can be promoted/taught
within the health care setting?
Study design and development
Research design play a significant role in analysing as well as evaluating the
particular research issues that required to address. Mainly, it help researcher to
determine the actual area that required to collect appropriate information. As it is
consider as a framework that includes different methods and technique implement by
researcher with the aim of analysing the research issues in an effective manner (RN
and et. al., 2020). In addition to this, it also includes the set of methods that applied for
collecting as well as analysing the measures to increase the possibilities of taking right
and authentic judgement. It can be classified on the basis of different design such as
experimental, descriptive and exploratory. These are contributing in attaining positive
and reliable outcomes at the end of the investigation. As per current research activities,
descriptive research design will be applied by research as it is suitable and effective
way to gather authentic information on the basis of the specified topic and area as well.
The main purpose of developing this research design is to investigate the issue of
research that directly contributes in drawing a valid conclusion. With the help of this,

researcher gather or analysis quantitative information about promoting hand hygienic
within health care setting (Sadule-Rios and Aguilera, 2017).
Study population
Selecting right sample size is important part of investigation as it support
researcher in acquiring valuable information about the research topic. Mainly, it is refers
to the procedures of selecting sample size from the larger population with the aim of
acquiring reliable as well as authentic information on the basis of respondents view
points. It is refers to the two type of sampling techniques such as probability and non-
probability. Both sampling methods are effective for undertaking research activities in an
effective way (Santosaningsih and et. al., 2017). For current research, investigator will
apply probabilistic sampling method to choose right sample size. In this, respondents
are selected as per random basis and also get equal opportunities to selected from the
huge population. By using this technique, researcher select 20 respondents who are
workforce and patients of healthcare. This can be contributes in collecting relevant data
and information towards the research area and at the same time also helps in attaining
positive results within the study.
Data management to include collection and storage and analysis
Information management is one of the important section of research as it help in
completing the research activities in successful manner. In this regards, there are
different type of methods to collect of manage the research activities. Data management
consider data analysis and storage that may assist in improving the possibilities of
attaining authentic outcomes at the end of the study (IScherer and et. al., 2019). In this
regard, there are two type of data collection methods such as primary and secondary
method. Both are effective of undertaking the research activities in an successful
manner. As primary method of data collection is an effective way of gathering data in
which information is collected directly from respondents. It provide first hand data that
help in attaining positive and authentic results at the end of the investigation. It includes
different sources such as questionnaire, survey, observation, interview and many more.
All these sources may assist in taking right judgement at the end of the investigation.
On the other hand, secondary method of data collection is also an effective method that
used to gather detailed information. In this, researcher will use various sources for

acquiring data and information like books, journals, articles, newspapers and many
more. With the help of this, researcher can gather in-depth analysis on the basis of
research topic i.e. ways for promoting hand hygienic within health care setting. For
undertaking the current study, researcher will use both method of data collaction for
analysing the issues present in the research activities. By using primary methods,
researcher will prepare a structured questionnaire that includes different close ended
questions and asked from selected respondents in order to understand their views
points. Furthermore, secondary method of data collection support in undertaking
literature review that includes view points of different authors on the basis of particular
research topic and area as well. With the assistance of this, reseacher get theoritical
analysis of research area that directly contributes in attaining authentic information to
address the specified research problem. In addition to this, it is also important for
investigator to store data so that they can easily access the data whenever they need
(Shabot and et. al., 2016). For this, there are different type methods will be used by
researcher that support in enhacing the chances of accomplishing reliable outcomes at
the end of the study. As solid state storage, hard dist drives, optical storage, tape and
many more. These can be effective for storing data and at the same time also keep it
secure and safe as well. Mainly, current research is based on the quantitative data in
which information will gather in numerical form. Therefore, evaluation of data is also
cricial in which investigator will applied frequency distribution analysis. In context to this,
it is consider as a analytical tool that contributes in taking reliable decision at the end of
the investigation. In this tool, researcher will make a frequency disctribution that as per
participate response. It directly contribuites in managing as well as collecting data in
current research that put positive impact over the end results of the entire study
(Sickbert-Bennet, et al,2016). In the primary method, questionnaire has been developed
by consisting the questions on specific subject area:
This questionnaire is suited for the appendix or in your dissertation.
Questionnaire
Q1) Do you have any idea about the importance of washing your hands?
a) Yes

b) No
Q2) As per your opinion, do you consider hand hygiene to be important?
a) Yes
b) No
Q3) What is the importance of hand hygiene for health care setting?
a) Avoid the transmission of harmful germs
b) Prevent health care-associated infections.
c) Do not pass on infections
Q4) What are the different factors impacting hand hygiene compliance?
a) Lack of adequate facilities and equipment
b) Overcrowding
c) Wearing gloves
Q5) Does maintaining proper hand hygiene prevent people from COVID-19
pandemic situation?
a) Yes
b) No
Q6) According to you, what kind of ways should be used for promoting the hand
hygiene within health care setting?
a) Give hand sanitizer to patients
b) Ask to colleagues regarding hand hygiene
c) Show videos about hand washing
Q7) What are the different movements of hand hygiene in context of health care
setting?
a) Before touching a patient
b) After body fluid exposure/risk
c) Before clean/aseptic procedures
d) After touching patient surrounding
e) After touching a patient
Q8) What are the different level of hand hygiene considered in the healthcare
setting?

a) Social Hand Hygiene
b) Antiseptic Hand Hygiene
c) Surgical Hand Hygiene
Q9) As per your perspective, what are the major factor require to consider while
selecting the hand hygiene products?
a) Efficacy of antiseptic agents
b) Dermal tolerance and skin reactions
c) Aesthetic preferences of HCWs
d) Cost issues
Q10) What are the different strategies for successful promotion of the hand
hygiene within health-care settings?
a) System change
b) Hand hygiene education
c) Reminders in the workplace
d) Improve institutional safety climate
Q11) What are the main kinds of skin reactions related to the hand hygiene in
context of healthcare setting?
a) Debilitating
b) Allergic contact dermatitis
Q12) What are the different guidelines people should follow during COVID-19
pandemic situation?
a) Use alcohol-based hand sanitizer
b) Wash your hands with soap and water
c) Maintain social distancing
d) Use mask
Q13) Recommend ways to overcome from the challenges faced in hand hygiene
promotion.
Research philosophy

It is refers to the beliefs in which data should be gather, analyzed and
interpretation the data in an effective manner. For attaining valuable outcomes, it is
important for researcher to gather as well as examine the data in quantitative form. It
provide measurable outcomes within the research activities that help in make it more
reliable. It can be classified on the basis of two methods such as interpretivism and
positivism research philosophy (Staines and et. al., 2018). In order to execute as well
as analyse the current research, positivism research philosophy will be applied by
researcher as it allow them in collecting the data from quantitative sources. It is effective
approach that saves time and cost of researcher. With the help of this, researcher can
easily draw a valid conclusion at the end of the investigator to develop it more reliable.
Study limitations
At the time undertaking research activities, researcher face various limitation that
put negative impact over the end result of research. In this context, inefficient time, cost
and unethical behaviour of respondents at the time of collecting data and many more.
Due to this limitation, researcher face issue while gathering information from selected
respondents. Thus, it is crucial for researcher to effectively manage research activities
so that all the activities done in an effective and stipulated time frame (Stewardson and
et. al., 2016). For overcoming from these issues or limitation, investigator will develop a
Gantt chart that includes necessary activities of study along with specified time duration.
In addition to this, implementation or follow all the ethical principles is also beneficial in
acquiring valuable information towards the specified research area. All these are directly
support in completing research activities in systematic and ethical manner.
Ethical issue and their mitigation
It is important for researcher to analyse all the ethical issues that can be arise at
the time of undertaking research activities. In this, researcher consider all the ethical
principles that help in making overall investigation more authentic and reliable in nature
such as informed consent, anonymity, confidentiality, disclosure to participants and
others. As investigator also keep information of staff members and patients confidential
that assist in improving the effectiveness of the research (Sundal and et. al., 2017).
therefore, following research ethics are important for researcher in completion of each
and every activity of study in ethical manner.

Research Choice
For carry out research, various methods are includes like mono method, multi
method and mixed method. Thus, it is crucial for researcher to select best suitable
method so that authentic and reliable conclusion drown successfully.
In this, quantitative as mono methods will be applied that help them in examining data
in effective way. As it is effective because it provide numerical and measurable data
within the less time duration (Wetzker and et. al., 2016).

FEASIBILITY STUDY- RESOURCES AND BUDGETARY
CONSIDERATIONS
Feasibility study is assessment of practicality of proposed system or project. Its
aim is to rationally and objectively uncover weaknesses and strengths of existing
business, opportunities and threats present in natural environment, resources needed to
carried out project and also prospects for success (Lydon and et. al., 2017). There are
different types of feasibility study such as market feasibility, marketing feasibility,
financial feasibility, organisational feasibility etc. All these are consider main types of
feasibilities that will be beneficial for researcher in conducting of this investigation
successfully and systematically. Financial feasibility helps in identifying of the
requirement of finance. Marketing feasibility assist in identification of ways through
which awareness about the Hand hygiene can be increase. Along with this, for
completion of research project, sufficient resources and appropriate budget will be
needed by researcher. This will support them in completion of each and every activity of
research in systematic and effective way. This will further support them in attainment of
research aim and objectives successfully. For arranging resources, there will be need to
an investigator to have the proper money. The funding required in project mention
below:
Activities Fund
Payment for data collection £40
Clinical Reference Group (5
practice, 3 meetings)
£120
Recruitment of healthcare
workforce
£500
Marketing activities £200
Project Management costs £2000
Contingency reserve £350
Total £3210

This has been stated from mentioned table that for completion of the research
activities included in project, researcher requires some amount of money in systematic
way (Mahida, 2016). So, the total money needed for doing all the activities included in
research is £3210. Along with this, there are different activities that will be required by
researcher for completing this project. These activities are payment of data collection,
recruitment of healthcare workers, marketing activities, project management cost and
contingency reserve. All these are consider important and essential activities of doing
this investigation in systematic manner. For this activities, researcher will requiring
amount of capital. Without these activities, researcher not completed this project
systematically and effectively. Therefore, with the use of appropriate resources and
sufficient amount of capital, investigator will easily completed full study in systematic
manner.
IMPACT
Present research project develops positive impact while gathering as well as
examining primary data regarding identify the ways for promoting hand hygienic within
health care setting. This investigation will assist in determine the different ways through
which the hand hygiene can be promoted and enhance awareness about it among the
people. From conducting the present investigation, my knowledge will enhance
regarding the importance of hand hygiene and different factors which impact the hand
hygiene in COVID-19 within health care setting (Mu and et al., 2016). Other than this,
my research and analytical skills will enhance as to performing present research. The
hand hygiene helps people to prevent from germs and also arise any kind of disease.
Through conducting present investigation, I can improve my analytical and
research skills like collection of data, literature review, data analysis, time management
and others. These all the skills will help in support me to collect valid as well as reliable
information for getting the positive outcomes. Other than this, I faced some issues like
time and data collection techniques (Musu and et. al., 2017). Time was not proper for
performing research activities effectively and the behaviour of some respondents was
not ethical. I can faced some issues in finding the effective sources for collection of the
relevant information. I applied the ethics principles of research that helps me in

minimise unethical behaviour of some chosen respondents and finish whole
investigation ethically. Along with this, present investigation has direct impact on my
performance level when I need in collecting of information from respondents through
questionnaire. In this process, I feel lack of confidence that turn to impact on my
performance level while completion of full project effectively.
Hand hygiene is a way that positively impact on one's health. This will helps them
by reducing the germs on individual's body. There are different importance of hand
hygiene such as reduce number of infections, decrease patients length of stay,
decrease use of resources, reduce number of death, preventing spread of organisms
etc. All these will consider biggest importance and significance of hand hygiene that will
be essential for an individual's health (Neo and et. al., 2016). Along with this, there are
number of benefits of using hand hygiene. Effective and correct hand washing is one of
the most essential lesson for children to should learn. Hand washing is one of the most
signifiant ways of controlling the spread of germs in every places such as schools,
temple, restaurants, resort, gym etc. This is important in reduction of the impact of
coronavirus.
Therefore, all these are consider biggest advantages of hand hygiene and hand
washing. This will further support in decreasing the spread of virus (Pfattheicher and et.
al., 2018).

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusion
It has been concluded from above mention report that hand hygiene is essential
in preventing health from germs or health disease. It is necessary to take the proper
precautions about hand hygienic or washing the hands properly. In COVID-19 situation,
healthcare organisations should follow the guidelines properly and also maintain social
distancing. Aim of project is to identify the ways for promoting hand hygienic within
health care setting. There has been literature review part conducted by consisting
secondary sources such as books, articles, journals, internet sources and others. There
has been studied about the importance of the hand hygiene like avoid the transmission
of harmful germs, Do not pass on infections and prevent health care-associated
infections. There has been discussed about the ways to promote hand hygiene. There
are different methods studied in research methodology such as Research aim and
objectives, Study design and development, Research philosophy, Study Limitations,
Ethical issues and their mitigation, Research Approaches and Research Choice. For
analyse of data, there has been thematic analysis method used. In this, themes has
been developed in questionnaire, graphs developed from MS-Excel and also make the
interpretation.
In addition to this, it is also significant for health care setting to maintain proper
hygiene so that they can eliminate the risk of illness and sick. For this, various
guidelines also there which is important to follow for preventing people for any kind of
disease in COVID-19 pandemic situation. Use alcohol-based hand sanitizer, wash your
hand with soap and water, proper maintenance of social distancing, use Mask and
many more are the major guideline that must follow by people. This can be beneficial in
promoting hand hygiene in context of health care setting. Furthermore, there are
different strategies that can be used by health care setting to successfully promoting the
hand hygiene including system change, hand hygiene education, reminders in the
workplace, improve institutional safety climate to people so that they maintain proper
hygiene. With the help of this, health care setting can spread awareness in people in
which they also make mind set positive. In context of Covid-19, there are some effective
movement of hand hygiene like before touching a patient, After body fluid exposure,

before clean/aseptic procedures, after touching patient surrounding and after touching a
patients. This can be reduce the possibilities of arising any kind of issues and illness in
people health.
Recommendations
From the above mentioned information, it has been concluded that hand hygiene
is important for an individual's health. This will be important in reduction of coronavirus
and many other disorders that occurs from mouth, face, nose etc. There are some
important recommendations related to the ways for reducing the any issues related with
the health. It is necessary for the healthcare setting to follow the WHO guidelines of
hand hygiene in COVID-19 situation. People should scrub hands for 20 seconds at least
and Wet hands with running and clean water and also apply the soap in order to prevent
from the germs. Healthcare organisations should spread the awareness about
maintaining health hygiene so that people can know about the importance of washing
hands. Healthcare personnel must use an alcohol-based hand rub and also wash with
soap as well as water for some clinical indications such as; immediately after glove
removal, immediately before touching a patient, handling invasive medical devices, after
contact with blood, body fluids, or contaminated surfaces etc. Require healthcare
personnel to must perform hand hygiene in accordance with CDC (Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention) recommendations. Make sure that healthcare personnel
execute hand hygiene with water and soap when hands are visibly soiled. Make sure
that supplies requires for support to hand hygiene are promptly accessible within all
areas where service user care is being delivered. For healthcare setting, it is important
for healthcare personnel to ensure that awareness about the hand hygiene must be
increase among all members. Thus it will helps in increasing understanding among all
members who are the important part in healthcare setting.

REFERENCES
Books & Journals
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Deyneko, A. and et. al., 2016. Impact of sink location on hand hygiene compliance after
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Gould, D.J. and et. al., 2017. Interventions to improve hand hygiene compliance in
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Haac, B. and et. al., 2017. Hand hygiene compliance in the setting of trauma
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King, D. and et. al., 2016. “Priming” hand hygiene compliance in clinical
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Labrague, L.J. and et. al., 2018. A systematic review on hand hygiene knowledge and
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Laskar, A.M. and et. al., 2018. A multimodal intervention to improve hand hygiene
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RN, O.D. and et. al., 2020 . A systematic review on the effectiveness of interventions to
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