Hardware Technology Options for Organizations: A Detailed Report

This report analyzes various hardware technology options for organizations, starting with proposed IT solutions for two companies: ABC Fashion Private Limited, which is recommended Big Data analytics using Hadoop, and Aura InfoTech solutions, which is recommended cloud services. The report then delves into the economic advantages of voice/data integration, VOIP overview and working principles, benefits of VOIP, self-configuring ADSL, and next-generation networks (NGN). It also covers architectural changes for NGN, IEEE 802.11 physical and data rate specifications, ad-hoc and infrastructure modes, SSID and its effect on security, access control lists, WEP, methods of collecting information, and the meaning of key terms like quantitative and qualitative research, key verifying, secondary research, validation, and Boolean operators. The report also discusses different types of data analysis, the importance of data analysis, exploratory, descriptive, and causal research, and techniques to ensure research validity.

Running head: HARDWARE TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS FOR ORGANIZATIONS
HARDWARE TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS FOR ORGANIZATIONS
Name of the student:
Name of the university:
Author note:

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1.Company name:
ABC fashion private Limited
Proposed IT solution:
Based on the requirements of the proposed business structure the IT solution
recommended is Big Data analytics.
Big Data analytics:
When it comes to big data analytics, Hadoop is an excellent choice for the affordability and
versatility. Hadoop is a software framework that is used to store data and run applications on
clusters provided by commodity hardware.
Hardware and software specifications for Hadoop:
Hardware requirements:
Resources Medium High End
CPU 8 physical cores 12 physical cores
Memory 16 GB 48 GB
Disk 4 disks x 1TB = 4 TB 12 disks x 3TB = 36 TB
Network 1 GB Ethernet 10 GB Ethernet
Software specifications:
Operating system:
Following are the Linux based operating system for Hadoop:

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 RedHat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)
 CentOS
 Ubuntu
Java:
Hadoop is witten using Java. Oracle JDK 1.6 is most popular version of java platform for
Hadoop.
Benefits of big data:
 Cost effective data analysis when affordable frameworks like Hadoop is used.
 Big amount of data can be analyzed in quick time
 Insight from the data to design and predict effective marketing strategy for better
business and customer serving.
Threats of big data:
 Problem in data management due to huge of data processing
 Risk of getting flaws in result due to misunderstanding and misinterpretation of data
 Risk of data hack

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Cost estimation:
Area of cost Estimated cost per month
Database storage of 3 TB per month
based on leading platforms
$134,000
Developers and eight data scientist
to analyze data
$800,000

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2.Company name: Aura InfoTech solutions
Proposed IT solution:
Based on the requirements of the proposed business structure the IT solution
recommended is cloud services.
Cloud services:
Hardware requirement:
 x64 platform with AMD-V/VT-x hardware virtualization support enabled (Centos
5 or 6)
 Quad Core 2Ghz+ CPU
 8GB+ RAM
 3x Gig network interface cards
 30 GB of free disk space
Software requirement:
 Ubuntu 14.04.02 LTS- Operating system for server and VMs
 Contrail 2.21 with OpenStack (Icehouse), or VMware ESXi Version 5.5.0- Hypervisor on
Contrail Service Orchestration node
 Additional software - Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)

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Benefits of cloud service:
 More data security
 More data storage
 Energy efficient hardware for advanced computing
Drawbacks of cloud services:
 Threat of data theft
 Capacity of storage depends on bandwidth allowance
 Huge power requirement for running remote data server which increase the cost
for service provider.
Cost estimation:
Cloud server provider Estimated cost per month
Amazon EC2 $53,29
OpSource Server $74,46
Rackspace Server $55,48
GoGrid Server $52,56

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1.Economic advantages does Voice / Data integration:
The integration of voice and data communication over the internet has numerous benefits
for the business. Due to voice and data integration, organization these days does not need
separate experts to manage the telephone and data network as phones which support Voice over
Internet Protocol (VoIP) can operate on the data network (Singh et al. 2014). This helps to
reduce the cost for the organization by reducing the cost of employment, infrastructure and
system maintenance.
2. VOIP overview and working principle:
VOIP or voice over IP is the transmission technique where the voice as well as
multimedia content can be transmitted on the same network by using the internet protocol or IP.
The audio is first encapsulated into data packets using codecs and the data packet is then
sent over the IP network (Amir et al. 2014). The device at the other end of the connection
decodes this packet back into audio to extract the message. The network does not need the
traditional circuit switched network for voice communication and this reduces the complexity of
network significantly.
3. Benefits of VOIP other than the economical factors:
Apart from the cost, there are several other factors, which make the VOIP service
attractive for the business solutions. VOIP offers excellent call quality compared to the
traditional telephone service. VOIP enabled handsets can handle both the voice and data

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communication. VOIP makes communication secure with advanced encryption technology and
this feature is must for business communication (Devi et al.2014).
4. Self-configuring ADSL:
ADSL refers to Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. It is a broadband communication
technology used for internet connection. It supports higher rate of data transmission (upstream
16 to 640 Kbps and downstream 1.5 to 9 Mbps) using the same standard copper telephones line
as compared to the data transmission rate supported by the standard modem lines (Bachy et al.
2015).
5. Next generation networks:
The term next generation network refers to the changes and modification to the
architecture of standard telecommunication networks. Next generation networks are designed
using the internet protocol (Liang and Yu 2015). Hence, the term IP network is often used to
describe the particular type of networks. The networks support both voice and data
communication.
6. Architectural changes for the NGN:
The next generation network or the NGN has brought major changes to the architecture
and design principle of core telecommunication network.
NGN has integrated different transport network, previously designed for different
services into one core transport network. The network is often built on Internet protocol (IP) and
sometimes Ethernet is also used for this purpose (Liang and Yu 2015). The circuit switched

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network that was previously used in public switched telephone network for voice transmission
has been integrated in the new design with the internet service network to support Voice over
Internet protocol or commonly known as VOIP. This integration has eliminated the need of
separate voice and data network.
7. IEEE 802.11 three physical and max data rate specifications:
Physical layer Max data rate
Diffuse infrared
1 Mbit/s
Frequency-hopping spread
spectrum
1 Mbit/s or 2 Mbit/s
Direct-sequence spread
spectrum
1 Mbit/s or 2 Mbit/s

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8. Ad-hoc mode:
Ad hoc mode is Wi-Fi wireless network technology. One of the prime benefits of using
ad hoc mode is that it does not require any central wireless router to operate. This makes the
infrastructure less complex and easy to maintain. The reduction in the network complexity means
cost reduction. However, there are certain limitation and drawbacks regarding the technology,
which needs to be considered before adopting the ad hoc solution for wireless internet
connection (Akyildiz 2018). The devices used in the ad hoc network offers very limited security
options against the unauthorized connection. the speed of the network is also slower than
infrastructure mode and max speed is 11Mbps.
9. Infrastructure mode of 802.11:
Infrastructure mode refers to 802.11 networking framework. In order to create a
communication between two devices in the network, the devices first need to go through an
access point or AP. The communication can be with a device or a wired network and for this
feature infrastructure mode is very popular in wireless LANs (Huang et al. 2015)
10. SSID and its effect on security:
SSID refers to service set identifier. It is a primary name that is used to identify a
wireless network that follows the 802.11 standard.
SSID is just a network name and it is not a password for the network. The primary use of
SSID is to distinguish a wireless network, so that it can be easily identified in presence of other
wireless network within a short range and for this reason, hiding the SSID has no effect on the
network security (Aziz, Razak and Ghani 2017).

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11. Access Control List and wireless security:
Access control list is a set of rules that is used to filter the packets that come through a
network. The packets are filtered on basis of various factors like source, destination and protocol
(Chate and Chirchi 2015). Based on the inspections, the packets are either allowed to pass
through the network or denied completely. Although firewalls plays an important role in making
network secure, but the addition of list to the network makes the network even more secured as
firewall itself cannot ensure effective network security.
12. Working principle of WEP:
WEP or Wired Equivalent Privacy is network protocol standard that is used to make Wi-
Fi or other 802.11 wireless networks more secured.
In order to make the network secure WEP combines the key values generated by the
users with the system generated key values for data encryption (Wright and Cache 2015). When
used in the Wi-Fi connection the incoming data packets is encrypted so that it is only machine-
readable. Previously WEP supported 64-bit encryption, which has been now increased to 128-bit
encryption for added security
13. Four different methods of collecting information:
These are the four different method of data collection (Matthews and Ross 2014 ) :
 Interviews.
 Questionnaires and Surveys.
 Observations.
 Documents or records

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14. Meaning of the following terms:

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Quantitative Research
Any research, which is driven by measurement of objects, and the
data, which collected through various polls, surveys or interviews,
is mathematical, statistical or numerical in nature is referred to as
quantitative research (Matthews and Ross 2014 ).
Qualitative Research
Qualitative research is mainly exploratory in nature. it is aimed in
understanding the research topic through reasoning and exploring
various opinions through interview, survey and conducting various
polls. Data collected in this method is not numerical or statistical in
nature (Matthews and Ross 2014 ).
Key Verifying
Key verifying is a network security technology to make the
communication over the network secured. It uses end-to-end
encryption techniques such as PGP and OTR (Akyildiz 2018). It
ensures that the person one talking with is the right one for whom
the communication is meant for.
Secondary Research
Secondary research refers to the research work that is conducted
with secondary data. Secondary data refers to the data that is
collected by someone else rather than the person who is conducting
the research. Collection of data from internet is secondary research
(Matthews and Ross 2014 ).
Validation
Validation refers to the process that is used to establish documented
evidence. It is useful to demonstrate that methodology followed for
executing any research or activities is valid and fully compatible
with the existing standards available for that particular research or
activities (Wright and Cache 2015).

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15. Three different type of data analysis:
Data analysis refers to the process, which is used to inspect, cleanse, transform and model
the collected data (Taylor, Bogdan and Devault 2015).
There are three different types of data analytics:
Descriptive Analytics: raw data is summarized to make it human interpretable.
Predictive Analytics: it can provide strategies based on data analysis.
Prescriptive Analytics: it is used to quantify the effect of future decisions.
16. Importance of data analysis:
In order to get the insights about a process, it is not enough to collect the data and to get
the most out of the data, it needs to be analyzed. Data analysis helps to clean, transform and
remodel data to provide the necessary insights by explaining various concepts, theories and
frameworks (Matthews and Ross 2014 ).
17. Exploratory, Descriptive and Casual Research:
Exploratory research is used to discover ideas that are essential to conduct the research. It
helps to get insight about the topic once the research is completed (Matthews and Ross 2014 ).
Descriptive research is helpful to describe population regarding variables. It also helps to
determine frequency of occurring something by determining the relation between variables
(Matthews and Ross 2014 ).

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Casual research follows different approach compared to exploratory and descriptive
research. It helps to determine the cause-effect relationship between variables (Matthews and
Ross 2014 ).
18. Technique to ensure a research is valid:
The first step that should be followed to ensure the validity of research is to choose an
experienced moderator. An experienced moderator helps to identify various issues related to the
research and also give valuable suggestion to overcome those issues for effective research
(Taylor, Bogdan and Devault 2015).
Triangulation is another method that is helpful to ensure the validity of research .it
explore the research topic from various perspective so that an effective and valid research work
can be done.
Respondent validation is another technique for research validation.
19. How to ensure research is reliable:
In order to ensure that a research is reliable there should be complete transparency in the
method of data collection. Not only transparency, a systematic approach should be followed for
data collection as it increases the reliability of the collected data. An audit trail should be
maintained to clearly document every process related to the research. The data should be
checked by various research members to ensure the data reliability (Taylor, Bogdan and Devault
2015).

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20. The three strategies to identify information sources:
 Online – the site is a reputed site
 Online – the date of the article is recent and well structured
 Online – the article is well documented and the data is supported by various references.
 Print – the article is peer reviewed
 Print – the article is from a well recognized author or publisher
 Print –all the information related to author , date of publishing and the version of the
article is properly mentioned.
21. Planning - Evaluation cycle in relation to technology research planning:
In the planning phase, various factors like procedures, research methodology and the
required tolls are outlined. The plan is done by taking consideration of the organizational
infrastructure and requirements. In the evaluation phase the results obtained from the research is
analysed. This is done to evaluate the outcomes of the research to have a better understating of
the fact that how much the research is successful and how effectively it has acquired the research
objective (Spector et al. 2014).
22. Procedure of Performance testing:
The procedure of performance testing starts with identification of the testing
environment. Then the performance acceptance criteria are identified. Once the criteria is

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identified the test environment is configured and the test design is implemented, after which the
test is executed (Ammann and Offutt 2016).
23. Motive of performance testing:
Performance testing is a toll that is done to test software to assess the reliability of the
software. The test is done to check if the software is compatible for public use and how well it
can perform under workload (Lewis 2016).

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References:
Akyildiz, I.F., 2018. AD HOC NETWORKS EDITORIAL (2017).
Amir, Y., Danilov, C., Goose, S., Hedqvist, D. and Terzis, A., 2006. An overlay architecture for
high-quality VoIP streams. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 8(6), pp.1250-1262.
Ammann, P. and Offutt, J., 2016. Introduction to software testing. Cambridge University Press.
Aziz, T.A.T., Razak, M.R.A. and Ghani, N.E.A., 2017, September. The performance of different
IEEE802. 11 security protocol standard on 2.4 ghz and 5GHz WLAN networks. In Engineering
Technology and Technopreneurship (ICE2T), 2017 International Conference on (pp. 1-7). IEEE.
Bachy, Y., Nicomette, V., Alata, E., Kaâniche, M. and Courrege, J.C., 2015, September. Security
of ISP Access Networks: practical experiments. In Dependable Computing Conference (EDCC),
2015 Eleventh European (pp. 205-212). IEEE.
Chate, A.B. and Chirchi, V.R., 2015. Access Control List Provides Security in
Network. International Journal of Computer Applications, 121(22).
Devi, G.U., Kaushik, K.V., Sreeveer, B. and Prasad, K.S., 2015. VoIP over Mobile Wi-Fi
Hotspot. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 8(S2), pp.195-199.
Huang, H., Li, P., Guo, S. and Zhuang, W., 2015. Software-defined wireless mesh networks:
architecture and traffic orchestration. IEEE network, 29(4), pp.24-30.
Lewis, W.E., 2016. Software testing and continuous quality improvement. CRC press.

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Liang, C. and Yu, F.R., 2015. Wireless virtualization for next generation mobile cellular
networks. IEEE wireless communications, 22(1), pp.61-69.
Matthews, B. and Ross, L., 2014. Research methods. Pearson Higher Ed.
Singh, H.P., Singh, S., Singh, J. and Khan, S.A., 2014. VoIP: State of art for global connectivity
—A critical review. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 37, pp.365-379.
Spector, J.M., Merrill, M.D., Elen, J. and Bishop, M.J. eds., 2014. Handbook of research on
educational communications and technology (pp. 439-451). New York, NY: Springer.
Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015. Introduction to qualitative research methods: A
guidebook and resource. John Wiley & Sons.
Wright, J. and Cache, J., 2015. Hacking exposed wireless: wireless security secrets & solutions.
McGraw-Hill Education Group.