COIT11226 Assignment: System Analysis of Harmony Hospital Pharmacy

This report presents a comprehensive system analysis of the Harmony Hospital Pharmacy, addressing the development of a new automated Information System. The analysis employs various methodologies including interviews, focus groups, and action research to investigate the system's functionality and user interactions. The report details the use of interviews categorized into positivist, interpretive, and critical research types. Focus groups and action research are also discussed as valuable tools for data collection and practical problem-solving within the hospital environment. The report includes visual representations of the system, such as use case diagrams, domain model class diagrams, activity diagrams, and system sequence diagrams, which illustrate the interactions between different actors and processes within the pharmacy system. These diagrams help to visualize the workflow of prescription management, from the doctor's prescription to the patient receiving medication. The report concludes by summarizing the main approaches for the analysis of the system and the importance of the diagrams in demonstrating the system's overall functions.

Running head: SYSTEM ANALYSIS
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Name of student
Name of university
Author’s note:

1
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Table of Contents
Task 1.............................................................................................................................2
Introduction....................................................................................................................2
Discussion......................................................................................................................2
Investigating the IS using the interviews:..................................................................2
Investigation of the Information system with the help of focus groups:....................3
Investigation of the IS with the help of action research :...........................................4
Conclusion......................................................................................................................4
Task 2.............................................................................................................................6
Use Case Diagram......................................................................................................6
Domain Model Class Diagram...................................................................................7
Activity Diagram........................................................................................................8
System Sequence Diagram.........................................................................................9
References....................................................................................................................10

2
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Task 1
Introduction
The most useful method for a new automated Information System is to critically
analyze the systems development of the Information System and use techniques such as
interviews, focus groups and a qualitative approach known as action research. The systems
development has various classification techniques which include, developmental research,
formulating research, and various engineering techniques. In the Information system a
framework of research is put forward to show the dual nature, that is research methodology
used and the research domain in the systems development.
Discussion
To make sure that systems development is the valid methodology for research
progress in various areas of disciplines and domains are analyzed. The research process of
systems development is represented as a perspective that is methodological (Nunamaker,
Chen & Purdin, 2014). The systems development methodology is complementary to the
empirical methodology of research (Loy et al. 2016). In the Information system investigation
the integrated approaches such as multi-methodological and multidimensional approaches
will produce great results (Daina et al. 2019). The tools that are used in the system
development are tools used to develop compilers and assemblers, Operating Systems and
low-level programs with device drivers. Systems development tools use function calls that
are of low level (Saha et al. 2017).
Investigating the IS using the interviews:
The process of investigating the new automated system using interviews is a
qualitative research methodology to understand the social phenomena of the Harmony

3
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
hospital. This particular method has been used because the interviews will help the
investigations to understand people and the barriers such as social and cultural contexts of
their lives (Peterson and Kelly 2016). This traditional form of investigation methodology is
used to put forward the participant's goal of understanding the context that is both
institutional and social (Reece et al. 2016). This is to view the assumptions about the subject
and how to obtain knowledge. The interviews can be categorized into three research types
namely, positivist research, interpretive research, and critical research. The positivist research
technique under the interviewing technique is the general assumptions believing the
objectives of the Information systems performance are measurable and independent of the
analyst. This methodology attempts to test theories and increase the understanding that can be
predicted. Information research as a positivist includes the propositions that can be formal as
well ads quantifiable and includes procedures like testing a hypothetical system, variables
measurement. The interpretive research, on the other hand, is the assumptions made with
regards to the reality which includes meanings and consciousness of the interviewees. This
study attempts to put light into the understanding of the interpretive research and the content
that influences it (Poitier et al. 2019). This technique does not define the variables that are
dependent or independent but emphasizes the complexity of senses of humans emerging with
the situations arise. The critical researchers make assumptions based on the social reality of
the people being interviewed, even though people can consciously change their social
circumstances (Bullock and Horne 2019). These researches believe that the ability of the
interviewees to do so is based completely on the fact is constrained on their beliefs in their
social critique, cultural and political dominations (Sharkey et al. 2017).
Investigation of the Information system with the help of focus groups:
The popular technique of data collection for investigation for the new automated
system for the Harmony hospital system is the focus group where a group of individuals that

4
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
are basically the experts of various domains are placed together in a sitting and made to
interact to each other about the various questions of research. The interactions between the
focus group is an important tool in the whole process because this generates a result at each
point when a participant individually responses. This is the main reason why this particular
method has been used as the fact finding technique. There are two types of focus groups
namely, face-to-face focus groups and online focus groups (Ibrahim Shire et al. 2018). The
face-to-face focus groups are present at the same geographic location and interact with each
other with a questionnaire prepared for the research purpose whereas the online focus group
is individuals in different time zones and geographic performing the same task in video
conferences. This results in the gain of ane in-depth knowledge of the issues that are social.
This methodology focuses on obtaining the information even if the method is extensive there
are no major assessments of the application of this technique.
Investigation of the IS with the help of action research :
This methods has been chosen for fact finding because this method of investigation is
a qualitative research method and focuses on playing a part in the practical as well as
immediate situation that is problematic. This enables the investigator to see the goals of
social science with collaboration with a framework that is acceptable and is ethical. Action
research is accepted as a research methodology that is a valid practice and is applicable in
various fields such as the development of organizations, educations, and different
Information systems. Action research enlarges the knowledge of the whole investigation.
This aims to solve the problems at hand which are practical. The action researcher is more
focused on creating an organizational change. The action research technique of investigation
provides an avenue that is potential and is very relevant to the Information System
researching.

5
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Conclusion
Therefore, it could be concluded that the main approaches for analysis of the system
are interviews, focus groups and a qualitative approach known as action research. The
interviews can be categorized into three research types namely, positivist research,
interpretive research, and critical research. The positivist research technique under the
interviewing technique is the general assumptions believing the objectives of the Information
systems performance are measurable and independent of the analyst. This methodology
attempts to test theories and increase the understanding that can be predicted. The popular
technique of data collection for investigation for the new automated system for the Harmony
hospital system is the focus group where a group of individuals that are basically the experts
of various domains are placed together in a sitting and made to interact to each other about
the various questions of research

6
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Task 2
Use Case Diagram
Figure 1: use case diagram
Source: (Created by author)
Assumption: In this diagram, it has been assumed that the main actors of the system
are the pharmacy, nurse, patient and the doctor. The main use cases of the assumed use case
are the receive prescription, send prescription, review prescription, send the prescription to
pharmacy station, review order, verify patient file, mage modifications to prescriptions, write
prescriptions, and receive medicine.

7
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Explanation: The patient receives the prescription and receive the medicine. The
doctor sends the prescription to pharmacy, makes required modifications and writes the
prescriptions. The nurse receives the prescriptions. The pharmacy receives the prescription,
reviews the prescriptions, sends to the appropriate pharmacy station, reviews the orders,
verifies the patient file.
Domain Model Class Diagram
Figure 2: Class diagram
Source: (Created by author)
Assumption: It has been assumed that the doctor works in the hospital and several
pharmacist works in the pharmacy. The doctor writes a prescription to the pharmacy and then
the pharmacy provides the required medication to the patients through the medication.

8
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Explanation: This image is the domain model class diagram of the hospital and the
pharmacy. The assumed classes are the pharmacist, patient, visit, doctor, hospital,
prescription, pharmacy and the doctor. All these classes works among one another for making
the entire system work efficiently and provide the best healthcare to the patients.
Activity Diagram
Figure 3: Activity diagram
Source: (Created by author)

9
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Assumption: This image mainly provides the details of the activity of doctor writing
any prescription to the patient till the patient receives the medication from the nurse station. It
has been assumed that the doctor writes the prescriptions and then send the prescription to the
pharmacy.
Explanation: The pharmacy receives the prescription and then the appropriateness of
the prescription is checked before issuing medications. If the pharmacist feels that the
medication is not appropriate then it is sent to the doctor for review and make any required
changes. If the doctor do not feel that any change is required then the prescription is sent back
to the pharmacy. When the modified prescription is received by the pharmacy then the
medication is packed and then sent to the nurse stations.
System Sequence Diagram
Figure 4: System sequence diagram
Source: (Created by author)

10
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Assumption: It has been assumed in this sequence diagram that the sequence of one
activity of providing prescription to the patient and the patient receiving the medication from
the nurse stations.
Explanation: When the prescription is sent to the pharmacist, then the appropriateness
of the medication is checked and then medication is provided. If the pharmacist feels that the
medication is not appropriate then it is sent to the doctor for review and make any required
changes. If the doctor do not feel that any change is required then the prescription is sent back
to the pharmacy. When the modified prescription is received by the pharmacy then the
medication is packed and then sent to the nurse stations.

11
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
References
Bullock, K.C. and Horne, S., 2019. A Didactic Community Pharmacy Course to Improve
Pharmacy Students’ Clinical Skills and Business Management Knowledge. American journal
of pharmaceutical education, 83(3), p.6581.
Daina, L.G., Sabău, M., Daina, C.M., Neamțu, C., Tit, D.M., Buhaș, C.L., Bungau, C., Aleya,
L. and Bungau, S., 2019. Improving performance of a pharmacy in a Romanian hospital
through implementation of an internal management control system. Science of the Total
Environment, 675, pp.51-61.
Ibrahim Shire, M., Jun, G.T., Moon, S. and Robinson, S., 2018. A System Dynamics
Approach to Workload Management of Hospital Pharmacy Staff: Modeling the Tradeoff
between Dispensing Backlog and Dispensing Errors. IISE Transactions on Occupational
Ergonomics and Human Factors, 6(3-4), pp.209-224.
Loy, M.L., Traub, R.D., Zhang, L., Kotala, P., Roemmich, M., Breidenbach, J. and Nelson,
R., 2016. Beyond the Use of Robotics: Operations and Supply Chain Control for Effective
Inventory Management in a Health System Pharmacy. In Advances in Healthcare Informatics
and Analytics (pp. 145-155). Springer, Cham.
Peterson, A.M. and Kelly, W.N. eds., 2016. Managing pharmacy practice: principles,
strategies, and systems. CRC Press.
Poitier, S., Machado, F., Figueira, A., Vandewalle, B., Andreozzi, V., Félix, J. and Feio, J.,
2019. 4CPS-138 Biosimilars’ utilisation under hospital pharmacy management policy.
Reece, K.M., Lozano, M.A., Roux, R. and Spivey, S.M., 2016. Implementation and
evaluation of a gravimetric iv workflow software system in an oncology ambulatory care
pharmacy. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 73(3), pp.165-173.

12
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Saha, T., Bhuiya, R.H., Masum, Z.U., Islam, M.R. and Chowdhury, J.A., 2017. Hospital
Pharmacy Management System and Future Development Approaches in Bangladeshi
Hospital. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal, 20(2), pp.180-187.
Sharkey, M.M., McKavanagh, D., Walpole, E., Mollee, P. and Hollingworth, S.A., 2017.
Using pharmacy management systems for research: survival outcomes for lenalidomide in
multiple myeloma in the clinical setting. International journal of clinical pharmacy, 39(4),
pp.836-843.