Analysis of Harrods: Recruitment, Selection, and Employee Motivation

This report provides a detailed analysis of Harrods' recruitment and selection processes, exploring the key elements of job advertisements, job descriptions, and person specifications. It identifies and evaluates various motivation theories, including Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Theory X and Theory Y, Herzberg's Motivation Theory, ERG Theory, Vroom's Expectancy Theory, and Locke's Goal Setting Theory, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the report examines factors that influence individual behavior within the organization, such as abilities, experience, intelligence, and attitudes, offering recommendations for improvement. The analysis aims to provide insights into Harrods' human resource management practices and suggest strategies for enhancing employee motivation and organizational effectiveness. The report uses various theories to understand the recruitment, selection and motivation of the employees at Harrods.

MANAGING PEOPLE IN
ORGANISATIONS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
1. Recruitment and Selection Process ........................................................................................1
2. Identifying motivation theories and demonstrate their advantages and disadvantages
followed by recommendations....................................................................................................2
3. Factors influenced by an individual's behavior and provide recommendations ....................1
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................3
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
Harrods is the luxury department store located in Knightsbridge, London. It was founded
in 1834. It is the retail department store in London. They are selling quality and luxury goods. Its
global reputation and prestige is instilled through its brand values. Harrods offers wide range of
products and services including clothing, jewellery, home appliances, furniture and toys. Harrods
group of companies includes Harrods Estates, Harrods Aviation and Air Harrods.
In this report, the recruitment and selection process of Harrods will be analysed.
Explaining the purpose and contents of job advertisements, job descriptions, person
specifications and identify motivation theories and analysing of advantages and disadvantages of
motivation theories. Identifying factors of an individual's behaviour on corporation and also
provides recommendations based on findings of Harrods.
1. Recruitment and Selection Process
Recruitment and selection is an important process of Human Resources Management for
selecting candidates for various job positions in an organization. In the recruitment process,
identifying skills, knowledge, qualification and abilities in candidates according to job profiles
must be done properly. In the selection process, giving information about the job profile, job
location of candidates must be done (Alam, 2016).
Harrods is following job advertisement method of recruitment process, it means that they are
giving all information related to job profiles, job locations, salary description, qualifications on
advertising in newspaper, magazines and social medi. Job advertisement is an internal method
for recruitment. It is also known as job posting in an organization.
Harrods is following job description and person specification in selection process. Job
description is the part of job analysis and describes job tasks, responsibilities and duties in an
organization. Person specification is also part of job analysis that means qualification, skills,
knowledge and abilities to perform job and is also known as job specification. The purpose of
job description and person specification is to inform about job position of candidate in the
organization (Anderson and et.al., 2017).
Harrods is the retail department of luxury goods and quality services, so that different
positions are there, according to the job, job description and person specification are different.
Therefore, that Harrods is following different recruitment and selection process for the different
job positions in their stores. By the recruitment process, they will identify communication skills,
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customers’ relation, attitude, behaviour and abilities to perform works in their stores as various
departments like clothing, jewellery, home appliances, furniture, so that it provides better quality
services to customers. Harrods is to make sure that all the employees are having the
communication skills, interpersonal skills, customers’ relation and attitude for providing
services to the customers (Baker, 2017).
The recruitment and selection process of Harrods can advertise their different job
position in the newspaper, magazines and social media, so that candidates are applying job
positions in stores. After that they will selecting the candidates for giving the tasks. Through the
job description and person specification is to manage the recruitment and selection process of the
company.
The purpose of job description is to help in described and managed the duties,
responsibilities and roles of the position. It is to define an overall main task on all positions. It
also defines the roles and duties for candidate that how will managing their positions. It is to
managed the performance from the adopting the rules and duties of the positions in the
organization (Bockarjova and Steg, 2014).
The purpose of job and person specification is to help for identifying and measuring
abilities, skills, knowledge, qualification, personal attributes and experiences of selecting
candidate for job position in an organization. It to define the communication skills, interpersonal
skills and past experiences. It is define the personal attributes like patience, behaviour, attitude
and attention to details for the position in the company. Through job specification, helps of
time management, team management and motivation for team and maintain relationship between
the employees and customers to the dealing.
The purpose of the job advertisement in recruitment and selection process is to provide
information related to company and job positions for candidates who have to apply for position
in company. Harrods will adopting job advertisement sources for the new candidates who wants
to working in their stores.
2. Identifying motivation theories and demonstrate their advantages and disadvantages followed
by recommendations
There are many motivational theories for employees of a company. Harrods is also
adopting the motivational theory for his employees’ motivation (Brooks,Greer and Morris,
2018).
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Maslow's Needs Hierarchy theory of Motivation
This theory was formed by Abraham Maslow. This theory is to define the employees’
five different needs in the Company.
Physiological Needs: In this theory including the basic need of peoples like foods,
clothing and shelters. In this theory described to that how to completing the human needs.
Safe and Safety Needs: This theory includes health and safety care, sources of income,
employment and salary.
Social Needs: In this theory, considering to maintain relationship between the customers
and employees, friends and family, behaviour towards the customers and employees
Self Esteem: Self Esteem means self-respect of an individual. It is describes the human
values and needs. This Theory is also describes the freedom and self-confidence themselves.
Self-Actualization: This theory is to explain an individual's growth and development to
their potential. It is a theory to create opportunities and completing tasks (Chadi and Hetschko,
2018).
Advantages:
 This theory is simple for understanding and it is helping the understanding and fulfilment
of their needs.
 This theory is useful for their self-development and self-growth.
Disadvantages:
 It is very difficult of measurement needs satisfaction of an individual's.
 It is to difficult for needs satisfaction of different peoples who has different cultures.
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Theory X and Theory Y of Motivation Theory:
This theory was formed by McGregor. Both theories are different for motivating
employees.
Theory X: In this theory, employees does not like their work in the company. Managers
are pushing for working and motivates to them. Employees are lazy and don't like their
responsibilities and duties of work. Manager is motivated for completing work. Employees are
not interest in activities performing in the company.
Advantages:
 This theory is to explaining for motivate to employees who has not like their work.
Disadvantages:
 It is difficult theory of motivation of employees.
 This theory has negative impact on Theory Y employees.
Theory Y: In this theory, employees are liking their working in the company. They are
self-controlled and self-directed for work. Employees are working happily and managers are
motivating for their self-development. In this theory, employees are always active to perform any
activity for company. They take all responsibilities and duties for any work in the company.
Advantages:
 This theory is to helping the employees for better development of themselves.
 There is no need to motivates for employees in this theory (Chadi and Hetschko, 2018).
Disadvantages:
 Giving all the responsibilities and duties for the Theory Y employees.
 There is no controlled by the mangers.
Herzberg's Motivation Theory:
This theory was formed by Fredrick Herzberg. In this theory, two factors are included
hygiene and motivational factors.
Hygiene Factors: this factor includes working conditions, salary, company policy,
interpersonal relationship, safety, working environment, and security of employees in company
that motivates employees. These factors are having satisfaction level is low and dissatisfaction
level is very high.
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Motivational Factors: This theory includes achievements, responsibilities and
advancement and these factors are always motivate and satisfied of the employees. These factors
are having no satisfaction level is lower and satisfaction level is high in employees for working
in the company.
Advantages:
 This theory is helping to analysing the satisfaction and dissatisfaction level of an
individual's.
 In this theory, know about the factors which are fulfilment of the satisfaction level.
 Disadvantages:
 In this theory, many factors include which is dissatisfaction level of the individual.
 There is high level of dissatisfaction from hygiene factors.
ERG Theory of Motivation:
ERG stand for existence needs, relatedness needs and growth needs. This theory was
formed by Alderfer. This theory is to describing that how is to important for the individual's.
Existence Needs: In this theory includes the physiological needs of Maslow's needs
theory. This theory is to explain safety needs of Maslow's as well.
Relatedness Needs: This theory includes social and internal part of self-esteem of
Maslow's theory. This theory is to explain relationship with friends and family, also explaining
self-confidence and human values are respecting from others.
Growth Needs: This theory includes self-actualization needs of human being. It means
that how to growing and developing for themselves (Shepard, Penuel and Pellegrino, 2018).
Advantages:
 In this theory, know about the expectancy and growth of the needs.
 This theory is improves the needs such as environment, education and family
background.
 Disadvantages:
 This theory is compare with Maslow's Needs theory.
 In this theory, there is no needs to satisfaction of the employees basic needs first.
Process Theory
This theory explains that what is happen in motivation of the individual's.
Vroom's Expectancy Theory:
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This theory explaining the result of individual's behaviour according to their work and
explaining the expectation from their behaviour. In this theory, three elements are included such
as valences, instrumentality and expectancy.
Valences: This element refers to an individual's strengths and their preferences for
expected rewards. It is the result of individual's values for the rewards and their success.
Instrumentality: This element refers to an individual's performance to achieve goals. It
is second level of motivation. It is the result of promotion of employees in company.
Expectancy: This element is the third level of motivation. It is also the result of the
valences and instrumentality elements of the motivation.
Advantages:
 This theory explains an individual's behaviour and their strengths.
 It includes all levels of motivation.
Disadvantages:
 This theory is affected of individual's promotions.
 This theory identifies weakness and threats of employees in working conditions.
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Locke's Goal Setting Theory
This theory is to explain that how will the setting of the goals. This theory was formed by
Locke's. This theory explaining that goals are specific, and measurable. Therefore, that it is easy
to achieving the goals. For achieving goals, there should be proper knowledge, proper utilization
of resources, materials and support of employees and manager. Goals are obtained so that there
is no feedback. (Chadi and Hetschko, 2018).
Advantages:
 This theory is useful for better performance in an organization.
 Through utilization of resources, materials and support for achieving the goals.
Disadvantages:
 This theory increasing risk, low level of development and growth.
 There is no support and goals are not specific, it is to difficult to setting goals.
3. Factors influenced by an individual's behaviour and provide recommendations
In an organization, there are many employees working who have different behaviour,
and these elements are influencing the company.
Abilities: There are many employees working at Harrods. All the employees are having
different abilities to performing their works. There are two types of ability, intellectual ability
and physical ability. Intellectual ability refers to the mental condition of an individual and
physical ability refers to strengths of an individual. This factor is influencing on the company. It
is helping on the completing the tasks and creating the ideas for working.
Experience: In the company, there are many employees are working for lots of
experiences. Because in the Harrods, various departments are in stores, so that employees should
be the experienced for their work in the company. Experience is to helping in increasing
profitability and productivity of the company. It is the positive impact on the individual's
behaviour and company as well.
Intelligence: It is a factor influencing an individual's behaviour and company. It is
helping in difficult situations in any works and activities performing in company. Intelligence is
also increasing the work efforts, hard work, proper environment and motivation in the
individual's in the company (Chadi and Hetschko, 2018).
Attitudes: Attitudes refers individual's feelings, thoughts and behaviour. In the company,
it is important for individuals for better working and performance. Individual's feelings and
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thoughts are positive and negative on the company. Positive attitudes and feelings are good for
company and individual's behaviour. Negative attitudes and feelings are bad for company and
individual's behaviour as well. The positive attitude of individual is to increasing work
performance and deceasing turnover.
Cultures: All the employees are having the different cultures and religion. So that they
are working in company on the basis of own cultures. However, this strategy of working is to be
negative impact on the company and individual's behaviour as well. The company managers are
adopting various strategies for employees for adopting the same cultures of their working in
company. Cultures include rules, regulations and policies of an organization. This factor is
affecting an individual's behaviour on company.
Age: In the company, older and young people are working. They are having abilities,
skills and knowledge are different. Young people are more creative, more efforts, innovative and
risk takers as compare to older peoples. Older peoples is working in company only for their
satisfaction of own needs. However, the young people are working in company to developing
better performance, creating new ideas and innovation in company.
Gender: both males and females are working and their behaviour, attitudes, capabilities
and capacities are different while working in a company. If the company is ensure that both are
working equally so that promotions and demotions is given not only the specific gender.
According to research, difference between the males and females will not affecting their job
performance.
Values: In the company, there are various employees working and they are having
different individual's values and beliefs. Values are determined the right and wrong in terms of
decision-making. Values also developing the learning and experience of the individual's (Chadi
and Hetschko, 2018).
Communication: Communication skills are important for every employee who is
working in a company. It also influences an individual's behaviour, attitude and abilities in their
performance. It is important for effective decision making of a company. Not only managers but
also employees are communicating with each other in company. With effective communication,
maintain the relationship between the employees on workplace.
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Perceptions: It is the process of exchanges the information one person to another in
company. In this process, an individual's expressed their thoughts, ideas and knowledge through
different ways like of sound, of speech, touch and other sense.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Analysis these factors which are influencing the individual's behaviour and company as
well. Factors including abilities, attitudes, intelligence, gender, age, values, cultures,
communication and perceptions. Abilities of individual’s are positive impact on individual's
behaviour and Harrods as well. An attitude is also positive impact on company and individual's
behaviour. Different cultures is negative impact on company because all the employees are
working from own cultures but managers are make sure that all the employees are working with
same cultures. Experience is the positive impact on company's productivity, profitability and
individual's behaviour. If the company is making sure that there is no difference between males
and females so that it is easy to evaluating the job performance and this is positive impact on the
company. Effective communication skills is important of positive impact on the individual's
behaviour and company as well. Perception is also positive impact on the company and
individual's behaviour in the company. Age is also influencing the individual's behaviour and
company. These factors are positive and negative both the impact on the individual's behaviour
and for achieving the organizational goals. If these factors are positive so that these are helping
for increasing the company productivity but if these elements are negative so that it is harmful
for decreasing the profit of the company. Company is not achieving the goals.
CONCLUSION
In this report, it can be concluded that by analysing recruitment and selection process
through importance and purpose of job advertisement, job description and person specification.
It can be also concluded that identification of different theories of motivation followed by
Harrods and also explaining their advantages and disadvantages have put an insight about how a
company must work for an effective result. Identifying the elements which are influencing the
individual's behaviour, productivity and profitability of the company. Harrods are giving the
recommendations on the basis on the findings through analysing these elements.
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