Harvard Referencing: Guidelines and Examples for Sunderland University

This report provides a comprehensive overview of Harvard referencing, specifically tailored for students at the University of Sunderland. It defines referencing and emphasizes its importance in academic writing, highlighting its role in acknowledging sources and avoiding plagiarism. The report details the two key components of Harvard referencing: in-text citations and detailed references, explaining their functions and formats. It outlines the reasons for using Harvard referencing, such as giving credit to authors, enabling readers to verify information, and supporting arguments. The report also clarifies key terminology like citations, footnotes, reference lists, and bibliographies. Furthermore, it provides examples of correct Harvard referencing for books and online sources, including in-text citations and bibliography entries. The report concludes by summarizing the key points and reiterating the importance of proper referencing to maintain academic integrity. This report is a valuable resource for students seeking to understand and correctly apply Harvard referencing in their academic work.

Report on the correct use
of Harvard referencing at
the University of
Sunderland

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK...............................................................................................................................................1
Reasons for Harvard referencing............................................................................................1
Terminology:..........................................................................................................................2
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................3
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................................4

INTRODUCTION
Referencing can be simply defined as a way to present that how some one has extended
his learning, reading and understanding by utilising the updated sources (Abrams, 2012). The
present report is based on the correct use of Harvard style referencing at Sunderland University.
In this report, the steps or process of proper use of Harvard style referencing are explained.
TASK
The process of writer date referencing which is used at the Sunderland University in
order to do referencing the source of data is known as Harvard type of referencing . In simple
words, when quotation of some one else's job that other wishes to refer to their own , then it
must be referenced. This assist the reader and show them precisely where some one has sourced
the part of data from, by providing all the informations required to assure its legitimacy (Graur
and et. al., 2013). This also represents that if some one is referring it not saying that it is their
personal words.
Two main factors are used by Harvard referencing that are in-text citations and detailed
references. This is explained below:
 In-text referencing: Each and every period of time in a piece of activity or task that
some one refers to info by others, then they must consider an in- text citation. This
consist of real name of author and the date in which it was in the beginning created.
 Detailed referencing: The references in the bibliography should be verified that some
one has take that information from a proper or genuine source. Harvard referencing
requires complete bibliography for the referenced work (Kinnunen and et. al., 2016). This
will involve the name, date and the name of information and from where this has been
taken.
Reasons for Harvard referencing
Some of the main reason of referencing are listed below:
 For letting the reader know whose thought the writer is using.
 For giving identification to the real author of the text, ideas, thought, fact, images, etc.
 Enabling reader for checking the information.
 Sources are used for confirming the completeness or integrity of research.
 Quotations and references are used for lending the authority to the argument, view ,etc.
1

 The list of source can be enquired by the reader for verifying information in the text.
 Sources are used by the readers as extra sources to a theme or subject.
The lists have to be complete so that any of the reader can find the sources which is
referred in order to neglect what past generations of students have titled a 'collection of
quotations' in essays, report, research, etc. Own understanding , conclusions and thought are
very essential too. By providing credit to each and every used source, the reader examines what
the author has been acquired or borrowed from other authors and what are the own thought and
ideas of authors (Levy, 2014). The credits can consist of facts, thoughts, interpretation, images,
etc. It is to be noted that if the sources are not acknowledged or recognized , then the writer is
plagiarising. This must be not done as it is a criminal offence. Plagiarism is also known as letter
theft.
Terminology:
 A reference to a document is known as citation . It must involve each and every info of
bibliography that is required for tracing the document.
 At the bottom of the page footnotes are mentioned where the comment or citation
presents in text (Scott, 2014). A figure should be ordered in the textual matter so that it
signals the work of citation and once again at the lower part of the page in front of the
footnote. In the case when only a little amount of references required to be done, then
footnotes are used.
 The list of citations in a documented task is known as reference list. This represents the
authorization where some one writes information in the text, displays how similar some
one is writing with the topic, and is a opening location for other else wishing to discover
the theme.
 A list of written material (papers, articles and books) that is used for reading , analysing
or consulting for a certain essay or assignment is known as bibliography. All such
references are not important to include in the list of references. If some one has quoted
from a source , then the source have to be included in their bibliography.
Some of the examples of correct Harvard referencing are written below:
 Books: Wilks, J., Stephen, J. and Moore, F. eds., 2013. Managing tourist health and
safety in the new millennium. Routledge.
Surname, Christian Name (Year) Title of Book in Italics. Place of publication: Publisher.
2

 Within the text of an essay / dissertation :
Example : According to Wilks, Stephen and Morre (2013).
If the next source that is being written in essay is from similar source as the
previous one, then the name should be write in full again. One can just refer the
source as (ibid); but if the source is similar and page number is different then one
should write or refer it as (ibid, p. 16).
 Online : Online, books, journals and films sources should not be separated in the
bibliography. Listing should be done alphabetically in accordance to the Harvard style
convention (an example bibliography will follow this document). For example: Wilks, J.,
Stephen, J. and Moore, F. eds. 2017. [Online]. Available from:
<http://secret.cs.uab.edu/secure-identities-in-service-oriented-computing/>.
[Accessed 24th August 2017].
So that's Surname, Christian Name (Year) Title of Website or Article [online] Available
from : URL [date accessed].
 Within the text, the similar citation method is taken but instead of a page number after the
colon it should be read Online. Example : Wilkis (2017 : Online).
CONCLUSION
From the above based report it has been conclude that referencing is done to know whose
ideas are written in the report. This represents the original author and their interpretation. If some
one has not done referencing , this means he or she is plagiarising which is a criminal offence.
The tips of correct use of Harvard referencing is explained in this report.
3

REFERENCES
Books & journal
Abrams, M., 2012. Implications of use of Wright’s FST for the role of probability and causation
in evolution. Philosophy of Science. 79(5).pp.596-608.
Anyanwu, P. E. and et. al., 2016. Socioeconomic determinants of antimalarial drug use
behaviours: a systematic review.
Avitabile, V., and et. al, 2016. An integrated pan‐tropical biomass map using multiple reference
datasets. Global change biology. 22(4). pp.1406-1420.
Fink, C., 2014. FDR and the Jews. By Richard Breitman and Allan J. Lichtman (Cambridge,
Mass., Harvard University Press, 2013) 464 pp. $29.95.
Graur, D., and et. al., 2013. On the immortality of television sets:“function” in the human
genome according to the evolution-free gospel of ENCODE. Genome biology and
evolution. 5(3). pp.578-590.
Kinnunen, S.K., and et. al., 2016. Decision making situations define data requirements in fleet
asset management. In Proceedings of the 10th World Congress on Engineering Asset
Management (WCEAM 2015) (pp. 357-364). Springer International Publishing.
Levy, J., 2014. Industry & Revolution: Social and Economic Change in the Orizaba Valley,
Mexico. By Aurora Gomez-Galvarriato (Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press,
2013) 351 pp. $49.95.
Scott, H., 2014. Making Toleration: The Repealers and the Glorious Revolution. By Scott
Sowerby (Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 2013) 416 pp. $49.95.
Stasavage, D., 2014. Paths toward the Modern Fiscal State: England, Japan, and China. By
Wenkai He (Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 2013) 328 pp. $55.00.
Stevenson, C. and O’Keefe, J., 2011. Developing students’ research and inquiry skills from year
one: a research informed teaching project from the University of Sunderland. Innovative
Practice in Higher Education. 1(1).
Williams, K. and Davis, M., 2017. Referencing and understanding plagiarism. Springer.
Online
Harvard Referencing: Free Tool. 2017. [Online]. Available through :
<http://www.citethisforme.com/harvard-referencing>. Accessed on 26th August 2017.
4

5