Exploring Arguments for and Against Enhanced Hate Crime Punishment

This essay delves into the complex debate surrounding enhanced punishment for hate crime offenses in the United Kingdom. It begins by defining hate crime and its impact, particularly on vulnerable communities like Jewish and Muslim populations. The essay presents arguments both for and against enhanced penalties, supported by government statistics illustrating the rise in hate crimes, especially after events like the Brexit referendum and terrorist attacks. Controversies, such as the impact of Brexit and terrorist attacks on community relations, are examined. The essay explores the role of law enforcement, the impact on different communities, and the economic consequences of hate crime. It concludes by summarizing the arguments and emphasizing the need for a balanced approach to address the rising hate crime rates and protect all communities.

Explain the argument for and against
enhanced punishment for Hate Crime
offences

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
Hate crime is the violent manifestation and can have deep impact on not only victim but
also on immediate victim but on group with that victim identify themselves. The community is
affected by social stability and cohesion. It is also known as the bias motivated crime and bias
crime. Hate crime is the prejudice-motivated crime that occurs when perpetrator target victim
due to their memberships in the race or several social group. It is referred as criminal act. The
incident can include damage to property, building, bullying, physical assault, verbal abuse,
harassment, mate crime, insult or offensive graffiti etc., There is hate crime law which intend to
determine bias-motivated violence. Hate crime laws are distinct from the law which is against
hate speech: hate crime law raises penalty that are associated with the conduct that is already a
criminal under the other law as well. The hate speech law is presented in many countries. The
above report explains the argument for and against enhanced punishment for Hate Crime
Offenses. It could be understood with the various statistics and further two of the controversies
are determined which are the reason of hike in hate crime.
MAIN BODY
Hate crime for the Judaism has been raised in the several years according to the
government statistics of England and Wales. The 1,326 hate crime target the Jews, as compared
to the other it is only 672 other hate crime offense. The attacks on Jews had been hike 18% in the
particular years that is religious based hate crime, as per the statistics. Over 54% of hate crime
noted by police are for the public order offense and further 36% are violence against the person
offenses (O’Neill, 2017). And the other 5% is also recorded as arson offense and criminal
damage. The overall religion based crime has been raised by 31% to 7446 from 5,680 according
to the report of the 2018-019. The portion of anti-Semitic attacks had also been raised to 12%
from 2017. It has been believed that the hike in hate crime over last five year is helpful in driving
improvement in the crime recorded by police force all over the England and Wales (Awan,
2016). It also been recorded some events which spiked are Referendum of European Union in
favor of Brexit in 2016 and in 2017 terrorist attacks which is the main reason behind the rising of
Hate crime in United Kingdom. That's why its is essential for the government to enhance the
laws so that the hate crime could be stooped and could have a better relation among the Jude
community and the other communities which are living in United Kingdom (Wickes and et.al.,
2017). The police force is also working more further to improve their data collection method of

the hate crime so that they can provide complete information about the crime and its victim and
could estimate what the reason behind crime. The common type of incident which is faced by the
victims of Jewish religious are that they are verbally abused directly in the public without any
reason (Mason, McCulloch and Maher, 2016). The punishment must be enhanced for hate crime
as it has been raising significantly nowadays but along with that it particularly effect the whole
community. Muslims are most targeted group in that year. Overall number of anti-Muslim
attacks has also been raised to 3,530 from the 2,965, however proportion has been dropped to
47% from 52%. The Muslim adult are victims of the religiously motivated hate crime. Muslim
are not race but the Islamophobia could and do often manifest itself as hate crime for racist.
More than 12% of hate crime offense in 2018-019 are estimated to be involved in more than
motivating factors, majority of its includes hate crime which is related to race. The Brexit had the
adverse effect on the community nowadays along with the hate crime of religions and race
(Laverick and Joyce, 2019). The terrorist attacks had also impacted communities in the United
Kingdom significantly. The hate crime due to racism had also been immensely growing in the
nation among the individual and due to that they assault each others which further become big
and had created a violence and hurt other innocent people (Pickering and et.al., 2017).
There are many controversies which had occurred in the United Kingdom due to hate
crime. It has been immensely growing in the nations and has become the serious issue as it must
be notified by country and serious measure must be taken further so that the peoples could be
safeguarded from that. The Brexit has become the serious cause of hate crime in UK. Extra
polices patrols are allotted at the Britain's street on the Friday's at specially at the lunchtime that
is prayer time of weekly prayer for the Muslims. The horrific attack in Christchurch also had an
adverse impact on the hostility of UK along with that it had also increased fear of the hate crime
to the affected communities (Wickes and et.al., 2017). This both events had created a huge
controversy in the United Kingdom. The various communities are affected under this. It had
grown hate crime steadily among the various communities people. As they all are now opposed
under each other as European Union is no more the part of Britain now so it had created the
discrimination among the people at the employment and colleges as well. This had created a hate
crime among individuals in nation. The terrorist attacks had also affected community in many
ways terrorist attacks at Church and Mosque had created adverse situation in the nation (Näsi,
Aaltonen and Kivivuori, 2016). The hate crime among the community peoples had increase that

the Muslim community is responsible for all these terrorist attacks and they promote this attacks
in United Kingdom so all other communities in the United Kingdom hates the Muslim
Community people (Farrington and Jolliffe, 2019). It is not the fault of overall community but
because of some people the whole community is suffering. Due to this terrorist attacks in whole
United Kingdom has significantly grown which has an adverse impact on the individuals who are
living in UK as they had a fear in them that when they could be harmed due to this hare crime
(Awan, 2016). None of the individual in the UK feels safe due to this rise in Hate crime because
of Brexit and Terrorist Attacks. It had also affected several communities that are Muslim and
Jewish people. It had been growing immensely and must be stopped and serious action must be
taken by the government for that so that it can be stopped and must allow people to stop hate
crime. The police is immensely ready to safeguard this peoples from hate crime but most of time
they can't be reached to everyone (Pickering and et.al., 2017). Th community difference had also
come due to the hate crime peoples hate each other who are from different communities or
supporter of various communities and due to that they create the violence in country. It has
grown the number immigrants from the UK to other countries as the Jewish and Muslim peoples
had decided to move to the other countries so that they can safely spend their life.
The enhancement of the punishment is very necessary for the government of United
Kingdom. As this hate crime has been ridiculously growing in the country and had an adverse
impact on the nation's economy as well as its citizen. The kind of fear has been created in the
mind of people that they are not safe while moving toward the street of nation due to the hate
crime. Anyone can be the victim of this hate crime. Strict punishment must be charged by the
laws so that no one other could further opt to try this and could harm the other peoples and
communities in the UK (Corcoran and Smith, 2016). But along with that it also had an adverse
effect on the community as the whole communities are suffering under this if strict punishment is
to be charges by the government as the fault is of the one people but due to that several
individual whole community will be suffering. The Jude community will whole fully affected
under this as the adults will be afraid of the again attack on them. But the strict punishment must
be given to the attackers so that it won't be done by them again. The law need to be set out very
strictly so that no one can further try to offend, assault the peoples of Jude and Muslim
Community. But along with that it also needed to safeguard the victims that are harmed which
can be further done by the government of United Kingdom (O’Neill, 2017). The extra police has

been allotted at the Church and Mosque at the time of there prayers of visit so that they could be
safeguarded and further now any other attacks or hate crime could be commuted. The Muslim
adults are assaulted due to some other Muslim peoples who are responsible for the terrorists
attacks in the United Kingdom. So government and police always try to safeguard the innocent
peoples of these communities and further they can't be harmed by any of the attackers (Corcoran
and Smith, 2016). The economy of the United Kingdom has also been significantly affected due
to all this so the government had to immensely enhance the punishment for hate crime so that it
can be stopped and no more hate crime in the country due to these reasons. This had created a
feeling of hate among the individuals due to that they used to fight and had violence with other
people. If there will be no strict punishment and legal law for that they it can have created whole
United Kingdom a nation of hell where people won't come out of there home and there will be
blunders of terrorist attacks in nation (Farrington and Jolliffe, 2019). So it can be argued that the
punishment must be enhanced for the hate crime offense so further it can be demolished among
the community people. The serious laws are also amendment for the attackers which will be
helpful for safeguarding another people in nation. Government is so possessive and alert for the
hate crime and taking further steps also so that they can reduce the hate crime in United
Kingdom (Näsi, Aaltonen and Kivivuori, 2016).
CONCLUSION
It has been summarized that hate crime has transformed the lives of entire United
Kingdom and thus have a profound impact on its entire population. The Jewish people in United
Kingdom are generally rich and due to having large amount of money, they generally become the
prey of hate crime. This community has become the key target of hate crimes and thus is
considered as the most harassed culture in UK. The anti-Jewish hate crimes raised in UK from
past few years. Besides this, among the hate crimes another brutally harassed culture in the cities
of UK is Islamic religion. As great number of terrorist mostly belongs to Islam culture thus they
become highly exposed to the effects of hate crimes. Due to increased number of anti-Muslim
activities at state as well as local levels, a sense of frustration has emerged among people of UK
towards the Muslim religion and this has led to most of the hate crimes among Muslim
community. Since the emergence of Brexit in UK, this hate crime has taken a drastic turn and
has increased due to frequent change in government which leads to high level of corruption. This
corruption has given rise to terrorist attacks in UK and have given a push to hate crimes.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Awan, I., 2016. Cyber-Islamophobia and Internet Hate Crime. In Islamophobia in Cyberspace
(pp. 21-36). Routledge.
Awan, I., 2016. Policing Anti-Muslim Hate Crime on the Internet. In Islamophobia in
Cyberspace (pp. 151-164). Routledge.
Corcoran, H. and Smith, K., 2016. Hate Crime, England and Wales. Statistical Bulletin. 11. p.16.
Farrington, D.P. and Jolliffe, D., 2019. The criminal careers of those imprisoned for hate crime
in the UK. European Journal of Criminology.
Laverick, W. and Joyce, P., 2019. Conclusion: Hate Crime—Brexit and Beyond. In Racial and
Religious Hate Crime (pp. 325-365). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Mason, G., McCulloch, J. and Maher, J., 2016. Policing hate crime: markers for negotiating
common ground in policy implementation. Policing and society. 26(6). pp.680-697.
Näsi, M., Aaltonen, M. and Kivivuori, J., 2016. Youth hate crime offending: the role of strain,
social control and self-control theories. Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology
and Crime Prevention. 17(2). pp.177-184.
O’Neill, A., 2017. Hate Crime, England and Wales. Statistical bulletin. 17. p.17
Pickering, S and et.al., 2017. The Prejudice Motivated Crime Strategy and hate crime reporting
(with Kathryn Benier). In Policing Hate Crime (pp. 126-145). Routledge.
Wickes, R and et.al., 2017. Hate crime and policing: police, community and social change. In
Policing Hate Crime (pp. 64-76). Routledge.

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