NRS72003 Case Study: Haylee Binge and Type 2 Diabetes Analysis

This case study analyzes the case of Haylee Binge, a 48-year-old Bundjalung woman diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes. The assignment explores the social determinants of health impacting her condition, including smoking habits and dietary choices, and considers cultural factors relevant to her indigenous background. The analysis identifies key social determinants, such as lifestyle and behavior, that contribute to her health issues. Furthermore, the assignment outlines a focused health assessment a registered nurse would conduct, detailing the data to be collected, including kidney function, blood pressure, eye examinations, and foot assessments, with rationales for each. The assessment considers the potential impact of diabetes on various body systems and the importance of early detection and intervention. The case study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive health assessments and understanding the interplay of social, cultural, and medical factors in managing chronic illnesses like Type 2 diabetes.

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Type 2 Diabetes Case Study of Haylee Binge
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Type 2 Diabetes Case Study of Haylee Binge
Introduction
Health complications and issues are common in today’s world. Whereas some
complications arise while people are young, there are others which come with age. Research has
indicated that some of the illnesses which arise later in life usually are influenced by different
factors. For instance, families which have a history of Cystic fibrosis, Hemophilia, Thalassemia
and Down syndrome are more likely to encounter offspring with such complications in the
future. Apart from genetics, there are other factors which determine the health of people in future
days. They include individual behavior, social environments, physical environments and access
to health services. In general, these factors are known as social determinants of health. This
paper scrutinizes the case of Haylee Binge to come up with social determinants of her health
complications.
Social determinants of health are the complex circumstances which people are born and
raised in and have impacts on their health (Garg, Boynton-Jarrett & Dworkin, 2016). Mainly,
they entail intangible factors like political, cultural constructs and socioeconomic factors, as well
as place-based factors such as access to healthcare services, safe environmental conditions,
lifestyle and availability of healthy food. From the case scenario, Haylee Binge has been
diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. In its basic definition, diabetes is a group of diseases
characterized by blood sugar levels going higher than the normal levels (Greenwood, Leeuw &
Lindsay, 2018). This can be explained biologically by the fact that the food eaten by a person is
turned into glucose for body cells to use it for energy. This is facilitated by insulin hormone
produced by the pancreas.

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There are two social determinants of health which come out clearly in the case study and
linked with type 2 diabetes. The two determinants are healthy behaviors and lifestyle diet.
Healthy behavior, in this case, can be linked with Haylee Binge smoking behavior (Adler,
Glymour & Fielding, 2016). According to the case study, between the age of 17 and 21 Haylee
Binge used to smoke a packet of cigarettes per week. Smoking is known for its ability to cause
Type 2 diabetes. In fact, statistics indicate that cigarette smokers have high chances of
developing Type 2 diabetes (30-40%) than nonsmokers. Also, the more cigarettes a person
smokes, the higher the risk of getting Type 2 diabetes. Considering that Haylee Binge was
smoking excessively, that might be the reason she has suffered from Type 2 diabetes at her late
age (Tsilidis, Kasimis, Lopez, Ntzani & Ioannidis, 2015).
According to the case scenario, Haylee Binge has adopted vegetarian diet recently. This
is to imply that her diet before was a sneaky burger one which entails high consumption of red
meat and broilers. Several research studies have indicated that consumption of red meat increases
the risks of Type 2 diabetes (Taylor, Tan, Coyle, Ndumele, Rogan, Canavan & Bradley, 2016).
Red meat includes beef, veal, mutton, and pork. Considering Haylee Binge is a middle class
lady, her lifestyle diet before is likely to have included high consumption of red meat before
adopting the vegetarian diet. This is likely to have played a major role in developing Type 2
diabetes. As a member of an indigenous population, there is a high possibility that Haylee Binge
will link her condition (Type 2 diabetes) with that of his father.
As a registered nurse who has been elected to conduct a focused health assessment on
Haylee Binge, there are various kinds of data to be collected in the assessment (Aune, Norat,
Leitzmann, Tonstad & Vatten, 2015). For instance, in the kidney assessment, data will be
collected on urine and blood sample. This is in consideration of the fact that diabetes causes

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injury on small blood vessels in the body. When the blood vessels in the kidneys are injured, the
kidneys are unable to purify blood properly. This makes the body to retain more salt and water
than it should, which results in ankle swelling and weight gain. As a result, the urine has more
proteins and the blood has more waste materials which build up.
Data will also be collected on Haylee Binge’s blood pressure. Blood pressure is the
pressure exerted by the heart when pushing blood through blood vessels. It is measured in terms
of millimeters of mercury (mmHg) (Mayer-Davis, Lawrence, Dabelea, Divers, Isom, Dolan &
Pihoker, 2017). For a healthy person, the pressure should be 130/80mmHg. Blood pressure data
is important for people with diabetes because diabetic people have been closely linked with high
blood pressure.
Haylee Binge’s eyes were examined under three factors, the visual acuity, the dilation of
the eye and the retina eye photography. The reason behind this data collection will be based on
the fact that diabetic people usually develop serious eye diseases via minor eye disorders which
are not easily observed at the early stages of the disease. For instance, diabetic retinopathy is
among the common diabetic eye diseases which have caused blindness globally, especially for
adults between 20 and 74 years (Agrawal, Smart, Nobre-Cardoso, Richards, Bhatnagar, Tufail &
Pavesio, 2016). According to the National Eye Institute, all people suffering from type 2 diabetes
are at high risk of diabetic retinopathy. Those diagnosed with type 2 diabetes should, therefore,
seek medical attention without hesitation because retinopathy attacks without any pain and may
not be detected easily until the disease becomes severe.
Data based on Haylee Binge’s will be collected. This will include visual assessment of
the foot, neurological testing and blood circulation. The reason behind this data collection is

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because diabetic people often experience issues with their feet which are as a result of changes
which come with the disease. Type 2 diabetes usually cause many body changes, particularly the
feet which include nerve damage or neuropathy, narrowing and hardening of blood vessels,
changes in the shape and size of toes (Purnell, Selzer, Wahed, Pender, Pories, Pomp &
McCloskey, 2016). For instance, when blood vessels narrow and harden, free blood flow
becomes difficult and that makes it hard for the body to fight against infections which cause
injuries and wounds to persist.

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References
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Aune, D., Norat, T., Leitzmann, M., Tonstad, S., & Vatten, L. J. (2015). Physical activity and the
risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.
Garg, A., Boynton-Jarrett, R., & Dworkin, P. H. (2016). Avoiding the unintended consequences
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Taylor, L. A., Tan, A. X., Coyle, C. E., Ndumele, C., Rogan, E., Canavan, M., ... & Bradley, E.
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