Organisational Behaviour Report: Evaluating Hays Travel, Unit 44

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of organisational behaviour within Hays Travel, a major travel company. It explores the impact of organisational culture, politics, and power on individual and team performance, examining how these elements influence employee behavior and productivity. The report delves into different types of organizational culture, power dynamics (reward, legitimate, and expert), and the effects of workplace politics. It also discusses process and content theories of motivation, analyzing how these theories contribute to achieving business goals and objectives. Furthermore, the report differentiates between effective and ineffective teams, identifying key characteristics and factors that contribute to team success. Finally, it applies concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour, offering recommendations for improving performance and addressing challenges faced by Hays Travel, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Unit - 44
Organisational
Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1...........................................................................................................................................1
P1 Examine how an organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team
behaviour as well as performance..........................................................................................1
TASK 2 ...........................................................................................................................................3
P2 Discuss how process and content theory fulfil goals and objectives of business
organisation............................................................................................................................3
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
P3 Explain what makes effective team as opposed to an ineffective team............................5
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour ........................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
In enterprise, it is important to understand and examine behaviour to run functions &
operations properly. Organisational behaviour is defined as concept of studying human
behaviour & their reactions (Massoudi, 2020. The report reflects detailed understanding of
attitude & behaviour which are essential to be examine at workplace so that goals are achieved in
appropriate procedure Hays Travel, one of the largest and independent travel chain
headquartered in UK. They have strong networks connections which they use for their business
and provides packages of holidays to customers through operators. This report comprises of
culture, politics, power impact on team performance and individual, content & process theories,
effective/ ineffective team and philosophies of OB.
TASK 1
P1 Examine how an enterprise culture, politics as well as power influence individual and team
behaviour as well as performance
In organisation, it is important to analyse elements which affects business and work
environment at larger scale. It is broader concept which is needed to be carried out in most
efficient manner. So, power, culture, politics are factors that affects behaviour of individual at
workplace. Therefore it is crucial for entity to analyse impact of such elements a which are
discussed below-
Culture-
It refers to group of people of different characteristics, languages, religions which exist in
society or community. Culture plays vital role in everyone life & according to which they behave
and live in society. In relevance with Hays Travel they also have culture in organisation which
they keep at priority level. Hays Travel have friendly culture at their workplace & everyone are
supportive who assist each in their work. Due to this ongoing pandemic situation it is be coming
difficult to fit into different culture in proper. COVID 19 has affected overall organisational
power, politics and power at larger scale (Sihag, 2019).According to Handy's typology there are
several culture which are discussed below-
Task culture- It is defined as culture in which different types of tasks are being assigned
to individual as well as team members depending upon there skills or capabilities. In relation
with chosen firm, manager of department assigned tasks to everyone. They manage this task

allotment with help of Gantt chart & work break down system. Employees of Hays Travel have a
deep impact like they have to be active regarding their work because task changes every week.
Due to occur of COVID 19, it is difficult for Hays Travel to assign task off to the firm because
employees prefer internal task more. This makes employee competitive, goal oriented and due to
their performance level in increased (Mohammad, 2020).
Role culture- This states that every employee is given with different roles based on their
performance and knowledge. Hays Travel can use this one in firm because personnel gets their
roles & they work accordingly. It makes subordinates understandable about roles which they
have to perform. This improves their level of understanding which helps them to deliver
effective results.
Person - It specifies that in this individual have wrong assumption that they are important
than the enterprise. Hays Travel do not follow this culture because conflicts arises between
subordinates & firm which have negative impact on work environment. But they ensure that
there every individual in entity gets clear understanding of their value to firm.
Power culture- In this, power is being given to subordinates depending on their
performance level and position they hold within the company. It is essential to have a proper
focus on this so that power is distribute in right hand. In context to Hays Travel, they can adapt
this one because it allows to have a accurate control over management & personnel. This is
because power is posses by few individual in firm. In relation of Hays Travel, power culture is
being rolled out within few hands of individual who are responsible and uses power in positive
manner. This assist them in accessing to managing of people easily (Devece, 2016).
Impact on team performance and behaviour
Culture has deep impact on individual because it wide diversity of people work in Hays
Travel and due to this ongoing situation of COVID 19, many people are unable to perform in
team in effective manner which also negatively affects their behaviour (Özduran, 2017).Also, it
is seen that due to difference in opinions and culture value, issues arises in between team of Hays
Travel.
Impact on individual
Culture too impacts on individual because each and every individual has different culture
on the basis of which they behave and act. So, in relevance of Hays Travel every individual has

to work on different locations for example- tour operators work remotely in this pandemic
situation.
Power
It is defined as influencing others decision and getting work done through them. In
corporate sector, power is distributed or used by owners, shareholders, investors. It is necessary
to decide to whom the power is needed to be given because wrong decisions can leads to
conflicts. So, there are several types of powers which are mentioned below-
Reward - In this, it is defined as getting work done by employees by using reward as
power. It is use mostly at that time when work pressure is more and reward is used as motivator.
In relevance with chosen entity, they use this power with motive of encouraging subordinates to
work harder. It increases productivity and predictability of corporation. By this power, personnel
gets motivated towards their work because of gaining rewards from superiors and also they work
with more effort. Hays Travel use it with correct way as it makes subordinates to complete their
duties in most appropriate way (Marquez, 2016).
Legitimate - It is defined as power which comes from position held by individual within
the entity. It can be used in negative way also depending upon the person way of perception. In
viewpoint of Hays Travel, they use this so that monitoring is done with proper consideration. IT
is crucial to make ensure that it is used with positive mind. This is sometimes biased which
depicts negative attitude of individual who manages that position (Simpson, 2020). For example-
shareholders and owners of Hays Travel, have changed the policies of management due to the
impact of COVID 19 and allowing only few people to work from home. Its impact on individual
is that if it is present then there is establishment of trust which create easy workflow & it results
in development of coordination which boost up the performance of employees & individual of
Hays Travel. With respect to team performance, it have negative impact on team performance
because it decrease their morale because they have to follow orders for superior person.
Expert - In this, power is gained or earned through level of experience that the individual
possess in enterprise. This is given to those who are expertise d in specific field or sector. They
expert power is mostly used as by fashion designers, programmers etc. This assist in making
decision process more effective. Also, they are responsible for handling critical situations with
their experience level and extensible knowledge. It will have impact on management of Hays
Travel & employees as because differentiation is being done on basis of level of knowledge

accordingly importance is given to every individual. This reflects negative, discrimination and
low morale. In terms of team performance, Hays Travel teams of every departments have experts
who are responsible for getting work done without any facing any error. It increased their level
of performance at larger scale.
Impact on team performance & behaviour-
Power has large impact on team performance and behaviour as because when power us
being given to individual within team, roles and responsibilities also increases. In relation of
Hays Travel, employees are being affected by power for example- sales manager of company has
higher power and manages team of different people.
Effect on Individual
Power too impacts upon individual as because individual has to obey the decisions
made by seniors in Hays Travel who has higher power for example- marketing manager, sales
manager, head of department etc.
Politics- Politics is being viewed as social disease which distort everyone mind and
distracts individual form accomplishing goals. In business and at workplace, politics tend to
occurs. It is defined as highlighting of one image in front of others in both positive or negative
way. Politics often disrupts the environment at workplace. Thus, Hays Travel, make assures
that the manager and team leaders are able to identify employees with such motives are
examined and handled in appropriate way. The behaviour of such subordinates are over
enthusiastic, clever, sharp minds, etc. The politics at workplace can be done though many ways
such as word of mouth, groupings etc. With occur of COVID 19, it is becoming difficult for
organisation to handle employees who do politics with aim of gaining advantages.
Impact on team performance & behaviour- The stated elements have deep impact on
team performance as because team passes through all these factors which affects their progress
level. In context with Hays Travel, they measured their every individual and team performance
through use of KPI'S indicators. It also assist them in analysing reason for failure of
performance.
Effect on Individual- These also have impact on individual progress level because they
affects sole person as s whole. It affects their mind, attitude, which reflects their positive &
negative behaviour in organization (Shashkova, 2018). In relation of chosen firm, politics does
affects the individual because it when politics is rolled out, it has both negative and positive

impact on individual minds at wider scale and creates problems such as jealousy, conflicts, etc. at
workplace.
Thus, above matter, it has been seen that OB includes various factors which are to be
considered properly. It is duty of manager to be aware about performance as well as behaviour
so that necessary decisions are taken at correct time. It is time consuming but is to be done with
appropriate considerations.
Recommendation on improving performance of Hays Travel
 It is important for Hays Travel to access the employees behaviour on the basis of which
tasks are allotted and work is divided. Through this, it will be easy for organisation to
increase productivity at higher scale.
 Another recommendation for Hays Travel is that on this ongoing pandemic situation of
COVID 19 they can increase the time interval of work from home as employees retention
period will be increased and they will work in more effective manner.
TASK 2
P2 Discuss how process and content theory fulfil goals and objectives of business organisation
Motivation plays vital role in achieving goals & objectives. At workplace, it is crucial to
motivate subordinates so that work is done in on given deadline. In relevance with selected
enterprise, they motivate their employees through reward, bonus, additional perks to them so
that they put more effort. The manager is responsible for encouraging subordinates at work
place. So, it is crucial for advisor to encourage their subordinates to enhance their working
performance for improvement of future. Hays travels pay attention to their personnel and staff by
fulfilling or providing them basic needs. Motivation is of two types intrinsic & extrinsic which
are used by managers.
Intrinsic motivation- This a motivation in which individual gets motivated through
internal factors such as inner will, dreams etc. Such type of motivation have optimistic impact
on employee behaviour (De la Torre, 2016). In context with chosen entity, it is beneficial for
enterprise as they do not have to put efforts to motivate subordinates.
Extrinsic motivation- In this, motivation get triggered by external factors and which are
used by firm to encourage their staff to achieve goals. It is effective but needed at every phase &

which is time consuming process. In relation with chosen entity, they use this one when there is
need of increase in sales or profit of business.
Motivational theories-
Motivational theories in organisational behaviour are important as because they help
organisation to understand the factors which motivates personnel at wider level. Process and
content theory both are crucial in business.
Process theory- These are those which explains why problems are initiated & process is
being carried out (Wang, 2019).Thus, in this Adam and Equity theory has been used and
discussed. Hays Travel apply this theory during their development of business in new locations.
The rationale is that it makes them aware about causes of problems during process. This aid them
in accomplishment objectives as it help them to identify problems that why and how they
occurred. Through this, they made further decisions of business functions as well as operations.
With understanding of this theory it assist in achievement of goals within organisation because it
helps in analysing of reason of initiating of behaviour within individual. So, in context of Hays
Travel they scan environment and & it helps in making decisions effectively.
Inputs- These refers to resources used in the process for example- energy, manpower
etc.
Effort- It depicts the amount of work force used by organization to complete the task.
Knowledge- It involves, learning, training, theories, that assists in enhancement of
knowledge.
Output- It refers to final results which comes after the completion of project and work.
Strength
 Adam and Equity or theory is beneficial for Hays Travel as because by applying it in
organisation reduces the exploitation of employees. For example- manage of Hays Travel
assure that task are allotted to every one on the basis of their skills and expertise (Mory,
2016).
Weakness
 Drawback is that it does not provide a information about how employees are able to face
or handle the uncertain situations within firm,
VROOM theory

According to this theory, it states that behaviour is important and results from conscious
choices among alternatives. Main purpose of this theory is that is to access pleasure and reduce
the pain. This theory is beneficial for accessing to behaviour of individual. In context of Hays
Travel, they can use this theory within firm to analyse the behaviour of employees. It consists of
three elements which are discussed as follows-
Expectancy
It is first element of VROOM theory in which it focuses on idea about increasing the
amount of effort that leads to higher performance. This element is affected by factors such as
having right resources, right skills to do job, etc. In relevance of Hays Travel, employees
expectancy level is high. Most of individual within company are able to perform better with
support of supervisors and management.
Instrumentality
In this component, it specifies about the idea like if one perform better than higher
outcome will be achieved. This component is also affected factors like trust, understanding of
relationship between performance & outcomes, and many more. In regards of Hays Travel, they
Illustration 1: VROOM Expectancy Theory
Source: https://www.papertyari.com/general-awareness/management/vroom-expectancy-theory-
motivation/

HR of firm clearly well defined as the roles and responsibilities of every individual and
accordingly work is done (Nangoli, 2020).
Valence
It another element in which it focuses on ideas that performance is based on value of
outcome. Valence is too affected by factors such as employee thinking, behaviour etc. In case of
Hays Travel, employee in organisation focuses on intensity of efforts made by them and
accordingly rewards are expected as well as received.
Strength
 Main strength of this theory is that it helps in proper analysis of behaviour of employees
within organisation on basis of which strategies are implemented. In relation of Hays
Travel, they by applying this theory assist them in accessing to subordinates behaviours
easily.
Weakness
 Drawback of this theory is that it cannot be applied to every situation because behaviour
of employees are flexible in nature.
Content theory- It is defined as elements which encourage or motivates personnel at
work place. In this Maslow Hierarchical has been explained in brief. There are many
motivational theories theories such as Maslow Hierarchical, McClelland, Herzberg etc. It
depends upon for to focus on which theory. The main application of this theory is that it mainly
focuses on that have impact on human behaviour and insights, With this application, usage of
this become more wider as well as broader. So, in this report Maslow theory has been
mentioned-
Maslow Hierarchical theory-
Maslow Hierarchy of needs is the result of person attempt at fulfilling basic needs:
physiological, safety, esteem and self actualisation, safety and security and social needs. In
relation of Hays Travel, it is essential for them to examine and analyse the needs of individual so
that goals are accomplished. Due to the impact of COVID 19, many employees of Hays Travel
has resign from firm due to unable to fulfil the needs in appropriate way. So, this theory is
further discussed below-

Pyramid of needs- Maslow Theory
Physiological needs- This is need in which it comprises of food, shelter, clothes etc.
which are needed by every individual to live prosper life. Through these needs, subordinates are
able to perform in most efficient manner. By providing these needs by Hays Travel, it will help
Illustration 2: Maslow Theory
Source: https://patimes.org/public-service-motivation-applying-maslows-
hierarchy-understand-employee-motivation-engagement/

them in fulfilling basic requirement of their personnel. It will also have a direct impact on their
goodwill which will be useful for development of business activities (Nakhil, 2019).
Security & safety needs- The next one is safety and security needs in which it includes
health, insurance, safety at workplace, uncertain events etc. Therefore selected entity provides
these needs to their staff such as home allowances, bonus, salary etc. Through this, subordinates
are able to work effectively (Butchibabu, 2016).
Social needs- In this, it involves recognition from friends, family, society comes under
this category. These needs are also responsible for motivating subordinates as because they
personnel gets appraisals and recognition from others. In context of Hays Travel, social needs
of employees have changes as because of occur of COVID 19 for example they prefer more to
work from home rather than working with friends and other people.
Self esteem needs- These includes self respect, morale, confidence at workplace. These
are also to e considered as crucial element which have deep impact on personnel inner will as
well as behaviour to do work. Esteem needs are considered to be basis for the human desire we
all have to be accepted and valued by others. Thus, in context with selected entity they always
conduct co-curricular activities in management through personnel gets chance to acquires these
needs.
Self actualization- It is also essential need which is to be focused as in this it consists of
growth, respect, etc. In regards of Hays Travel, the growth rate is slow due to low salary and
wages. Employees wants to make career in the field of tour and travel firm can start with Hays
Travel. Moreover, with this ongoing pandemic situation of COVID 19 it is difficult to access self
actualisation as competition is increasing and market situation has changed.
Strength
 Main strength of Maslow theory is that it helps in analysing needs of every individual on
he basis of which Hays Travel is able to access employees needs and requirements in
appropriate manner (Weer, 2016).
Weakness
 This theory is not satisfactory at all level because individual needs do nit have any limits.
So, in relation of Hays Travel they need to be well aware of employees satisfaction
limits.