University Health Assignment: Health Behavior Models

This assignment explores two key psychological models used in healthcare to predict and influence health behaviors: the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The Health Belief Model, developed in the 1950s, helps healthcare providers understand patients' beliefs about their health conditions to tailor interventions effectively. The assignment references research on the HBM's domains, including perceived barriers, benefits, severity, self-efficacy, cues to action, and perceived susceptibility. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is also discussed, highlighting its role in explaining behavioral changes, with a focus on attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The assignment emphasizes the importance of these models in public health for assessing disease risk, promoting awareness, and improving patient outcomes, including self-efficacy and adherence to treatment for chronic diseases.

Running head: SOCIAL AND BEHAVIOR HEALTH
SOCIAL AND BEHAVIOR HEALTH
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author note

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Answer 1
The Health Belief Model or HBM is the psychological model, which helps the healthcare
physicians by providing them with the prediction regarding the health behaviors so that
depending on the belief of the individual suffering from the health condition, physicians can
explain the situation and then provide the patient with healthcare intervention to treat his or her
situation. This health belief model was developed in the year 1950 by a group of psychologists
Hochbaum, Rosenstock and Kegels who were working in the public healthcare services of the
United States (Green & Murphy, 2014). This model therefore, helps the physicians and nursing
professionals by providing them with the theoretical and conceptual framework so that the
patient and his quality of life could be improved by providing them with quality healthcare. The
study by Tola et al. (2016) was able to provide complete details about HBM and its domains
which is important for identification and characterization of six segments or domains so that with
the help of these domains, the change in health behavior could be achieved (Green & Murphy,
2014). These domains are mentioned in the study and these are perceived barriers, benefits
severity and self-efficacy, with cue of action and perceived susceptibility. These domains help
the constructs to standout when compared to each other in the study.
Answer 2
As mentioned in the reading by Stead et al. (2004), the Theory of Planned Behavior or
TPB is a mean which is used by various healthcare physicians so that they can easily explain the
health and social behavioral changes in patients. However, despite the fact that this frame work
was able to provide complete details about the behavioral change in people, this framework was
not used by professionals before 1998 as after the implementation of this framework the details

3SOCIAL AND BEHAVIOR HEALTH
about three main domain was found out which are subjective norms, attitude and perceived
behavioral control. Hence, to implement this within any intervention, the patients will be
observed for a longer period of time so that his or her attitude towards situations and their pattern
of thinking could be easily understood and then subjective norms are used to understand the
perceived behavioral change those people received after the implemented intervention (Stead et
al., 2004). Therefore, this is the way such changes will be promoted using the intervention in the
facility.
Answer 3
Health belief model is an important aspect which could be easily used in public
healthcare issues so that people with healthcare issues and risk of chronic diseases could be
assessed and their severity could also be obtained from their health behavior model (Tola et al.,
2016). Therefore, it works by spreading the severity and susceptibility of the disease in the
community so that their health related beliefs could be changed and awareness could be spread
about the disease (Green & Murphy, 2014). This is an important aspect as these steps help to
grow the self-efficacy of the patient and therefore, patient’s starts being aware of their health
leading to spread awareness about lifestyle and other aspects which could affect the health of
patient by increasing the treatment period for the chronic disease (James et al., 2012). Proper
information therefore helps in the spreading the knowledge about the disease of risk of illness.

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References
Green, E. C., & Murphy, E. (2014). Health belief model. The Wiley Blackwell encyclopedia of
health, illness, behavior, and society, 766-769.
James, D. C., Pobee, J. W., Brown, L., & Joshi, G. (2012). Using the health belief model to
develop culturally appropriate weight-management materials for African-American
women. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 112(5), 664-670.
Stead, M., Tagg, S., MacKintosh, A. M., & Eadie, D. (2004). Development and evaluation of a
mass media Theory of Planned Behaviour intervention to reduce speeding. Health
education research, 20(1), 36-50.
Tola, H. H., Shojaeizadeh, D., Tol, A., Garmaroudi, G., Yekaninejad, M. S., Kebede, A., ... &
Klinkenberg, E. (2016). Psychological and educational intervention to improve
tuberculosis treatment adherence in Ethiopia based on health belief model: a cluster
randomized control trial. PLoS One, 11(5), e0155147.