Health Promotion Report: Health Behavior and Theories

This report delves into the multifaceted aspects of health promotion, exploring the impact of socio-economic factors on health outcomes, particularly among vulnerable populations like the homeless. It analyzes government initiatives and programs designed to address health inequalities, including smoking cessation campaigns and the dissemination of health information. The report examines the crucial links between government systems and smoking suspension programs, outlining the roles of health experts in achieving public health goals. It also discusses practical strategies for quitting smoking and explores various health behavior theories, such as the Social Cognitive Theory and the Trans-theoretical model, to understand and influence health-related behaviors. The report further considers the potential impact of conflicts with local industries on health promotion efforts and the importance of providing significant health-related data to the general public, offering a comprehensive overview of strategies to improve population health.

HEALTH PROMOTION

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1 ...........................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Impact of socio-economic influences on health ...................................................................1
1.2 Government sources in reporting on inequalities in health ..................................................2
1.3 Barriers to access health-care services..................................................................................2
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
2.1 Links between government systems and smoking suspension program ..............................3
2.2 My part as an expert in meeting government focuses for lessening number of smokers ....4
2.3 Routines to be followed with a specific end goal to stop smoking ......................................4
TASK 3 ...........................................................................................................................................5
3.1 Theories of health behaviour related to health beliefs..........................................................5
3.2 The potential impact of conflicts with the local industry on health promotion....................6
3.3 Importance of giving significant health related data to general society ...............................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Health promotion is referred as a procedure by which individuals develop awareness with
regards to their well-being. In context to this, there are many governmental and private
organisations focusing on offering information to the society in order to take appropriate steps
for improving their health. Health promotion also focuses on the behaviour of an individual
towards environmental and the society interventions. The present report will analyse two
scenarios that covers the efforts of socio-economic influences on health. Furthermore, it consists
of various models and factors which are included in health promotion. It also includes
promotional campaign developed to meet certain objectives.
TASK 1
1.1 Impact of socio-economic influences on health
Socio-economic can be referred as a broad term used to determine various factors such as
income, education, occupation etc. In context to this, there are various elements that affect the
health such as lifestyle choices, unemployment, discrimination and access to information.
According to scenario, there are around 70,000 homeless people in UK, who experience a high
level of stress, tension and mental illness. The homelessness encourages or forces them to reduce
stress through various types of drugs, alcohol or smoking. They think it will help them to cope
up with their stress or mental illness; the research concluded that between 70 to 90% of homeless
adults are addicted to smoking. Due to lack of money, these people start smoking hand rolled
cigarettes without filters using recycled tobacco which is very dangerous for people; as group
smoking increases the chances of illness and cancer. These practices are highly influencing
people health and it also increased the rate of throat and mouth cancer among homeless people.
Due to unemployment and poverty, people are exposed to these situations of drug and smoke
addiction as compared to own choices. People are getting used to drugs, alcohol and cigarettes as
they feel it helps to reduce stress or mental pressure but indirectly they are harming their own
health. The lifestyle of people has a great effect on an individual health, for example: a person
who can't buy healthy food will not be able to gain good health. This is clearly observed that
people with low income are comparatively unhealthy and addicted to smoke, drugs and alcohol.
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1.2 Government sources in reporting on inequalities in health
There are various laws and regulations developed by the government that are needed to
be considered or followed by various health-care organisations. In context to this, government of
UK utilises various media, and marketing tools such as hoardings, newspaper etc in order to
spread awareness related to health. The Government tried to develop and publish various articles
and information about community health as well as people living in it. There are various
campaigns made by government in order to help people to quit smoking or any other drugs.
Many rehabilitation centres are established to help people who are addicted to any drug, alcohol
or tobacco smoking.
The Acheson Report published in 2013, represented that the existence of inequalities
related to health and relation among various social classes. This report determined that the
mortality rate is very low; the upper class people may faces rapid mortality decline. In the year
2014, UK government published another report; Skadon Mavron which distinguishes people in
various groups, and with regards to the research, death rate in segment 5th was twice as compared
to the death rate in segment 1st.
Furthermore, this gap among the death rate in two classes is increasing with a high rate,
many of the government research or surveys by census have concluded that over 170 million
people all around the world die due to various kinds of cancer every year. The main reason found
for the cancer in people was due to consumption of cigarettes or any other form of tobacco. It is
very important for the government to ensure people are getting aware of consequences caused by
cigarettes or tobacco consumption. There are various other surveys which found out that people
with low level of income are highly exposed to drugs, alcohol and tobacco consumption and the
reason is lack of education or awareness. This causes inequalities in health between t poor and
rich people.
1.3 Barriers to access health-care services
There are numerous boundaries in getting to medicinal services, among which one of the
fundamental reasons is absence of assets. A large portion of the people in their high school need
in having legitimate direction as a result of which they succumb to wrong exercises which
influence their well-being. Absence of appropriate correspondence is another reason which goes
about as a boundary in getting to medicinal services. Guardians and watchmen ought to have
appropriate correspondence with their kids which will help in giving them legitimate learning
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identified with well-being. Generally, high school individuals have numerous questions and there
are basically related with the age in which they succumb to addictions. With appropriate
correspondence, guardians and gatekeepers will have the capacity to direct them through which
they get mindful with regard to their well-being (Amato and et.al, 2017).
There are cases in which individuals are frightened of going to specialists or looking for
therapeutic advices. This all happens; due to their wrong observation. It additionally happens as a
result of news they watch which makes fear to counsel a specialist in time of any restorative
issue. Nature in which people stay additionally goes about as a boundary to social insurance.
Person who have gathering of various individuals will have distinctive recognition towards
things. In a gathering, if lion's share of individuals needs to complete a specific thing, at that
point even those people who would prefer not to complete a specific thing will do it for others.
For instance, in a gathering, if greater part of individuals smokes, at that point there are chances
when the people who don't may likewise begin smoking.
TASK 2
2.1 Links between government systems and smoking suspension program
Government systems that are connected with smoking suspension programs will be
useful in the following ways:
1. Awareness: With the assistance of pennants, individuals will be granted with regard to
the effect of smoking cigarettes. Ladies are influenced by smoking and particularly
pregnant once in this way influences the tyke in the womb. One of the principle
sicknesses got by smoking is malignancy. As it was said above in excess of 169.3 million
individuals around the globe bite the dust on account of tumour consistently (O'Connor
and et.al, 2018).
2. Individual Counselling: Through this campaign, government will have the capacity to
orchestrate individuals who have immense information identified with effects of utilizing
tobacco items. This encourages the general population to illuminate every one of their
questions which may emerge in their psyche. These specialists will have the capacity to
give satisfactory data and furthermore pass on those precautionary measures with the
assistance of which they can quit smoking propensities.
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3. Development of community: This campaign will spread mindfulness among the group.
Further, they will have the capacity to recognize individuals would will have medical
problems and legitimate treatment could be given to their issues. In addition, through
verbal, an ever-increasing number of individuals will be given data with respect to the
battle identified with tobacco.
4. Legislative activities: In this specific circumstance, government should centre around
expanding the rates on tobacco items. This will decrease the rate of individuals who
expend tobacco items.
2.2 My part as an expert to focus in lessening number of smokers
As a well-being proficient, my parts in meeting government focuses for decreasing
number of smokers in UK are as per the following:
1. Monitoring: Government of UK has built up tobacco anticipation battle and it is
exceptionally fundamental for me to screen whether the other well-being experts are
playing out their parts successfully or not. I need to take care of the experts and give them
all the fundamental things which are required in giving appropriate care to the general
population who visit the battle. Further, it should simply make the rundown of
individuals willing to go to the campaign. This will help in knowing the effect of this
specific battle. Moreover, I need to organize individual gathering for the guests with
well-being expert so they can be given more data to settle the related questions (King and
et.al, 2016).
2. Awareness: Another part is to cooperate with individuals and inform them concerning
the issues or issues which causes as a result of utilizing tobacco. It furnishes them all the
vital data with the assistance of which individuals will decrease to utilize tobacco. Along
these lines, I will have the capacity to help government for decreasing the rate of
individuals who consume tobacco
3. Reporting the issues: The general population willing to visit campaign due to some sort
of medical problems. I need to make a rundown of those individuals having issues and
need to pass on it to different experts so they would control them and with their
assistance, sick individuals will have the capacity to beat their issues.
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2.3 Routines to be followed with a specific end goal to stop smoking
Routine is essential for those individuals who need to stop smoking. In this unique
situation, following are the things which a man ought to follow to stop smoking:
Having homegrown tea: Herbal tea contains nicotine and it helps in lessening similar pressure
alleviation when individuals have cigarette.
 Making no smoking zone: 'No smoking' sign will be helpful to create inspiration in
order to being determinant toward the choice taken.
 Consumption of hygienic food: According to the overview, it was discovered that when
1 millilitres of four is expended every day, at that point it helps in lessening the
propensity for smoking (Baum and et.al, 2016).
 Taking help: It is extremely troublesome for a man who alone remains on their choices.
Keeping in mind the end goal to stop smoking, help ought to be taken from loved ones
with the goal that they help in lessening smoking. Enthusiastic help assumes
indispensable part in satisfying the choice of calming cigarettes viably.
 Meeting with acupuncturist: Through needles in ears is auricular needle therapy which
is exceptionally useful in longing for cigarette effectively.
 Never relapse: self-inspiration is essential as it helps in concentrating on the objectives
which must be accomplished.
 Maintain a strategic distance from triggers: Urge of having tobacco is exceptionally
solid at circumstance where biting or smoking tobacco is regularly. Individual must
distinguish the trigger circumstance. Last there ought to be created plans which can't be
maintained a strategic distance from totally.
TASK 3
3.1 Theories of health behaviour related to health beliefs
There are various theories related to health behaviour, such as Social Cognitive Theory
that included Symbolic Modelling and Direct Modelling.
The other theory is Trans-theoretical theory which includes various stages. This is the most used
theory; the five stages can be described as below -
1. Pre-contemplation – This stage states that people are not at all aware about the problems
or issues that are actually affecting them. there are many individuals suffering from
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obesity but they are unaware of this illness but there are also some people who identifies
this health issue and ignore it (Machado and et.al, 2017).
2. Contemplation – In this particular stage, people are been conveyed with regards to their
problems and issues, they also try to find out cons and pros of the issues which can affect
them. These individuals also understand the importance and need to resolve the issue or
problem.
3. Preparation – According to this stage, people begin to take small steps to resolve issue
or problems. For example with obesity should focus eating less.
4. Actions – For resolving issues or problems, people begin taking important steps which
can assist them to overcome or resolve issues or problems. For example –people facing
issues related to obesity, starts eating hygienic food along with proper diet and they focus
on doing regular exercises.
5. Maintenance – It is important for the individuals to continue their actions in order to
resolve the issues or problems permanently. In order to get rid of obesity it is essential for
an individual to continue his actions at least for six months.
3.2 potential impact of conflicts with the local industry on health promotion
Industries that focuses on promoting health and awareness related to any kind of issue
such as tobacco products, drugs or alcohol and develop effective advertisements are very
beneficial for people and community (Naidoo and et.al, 2016).. It is mostly important for the
teenagers who are highly exposed to consumption of cigarettes, drugs and alcohol.
During teenage, people are full of excitement and enthusiasm, they try to explore new
things. Teenagers and homeless people get addicted to tobacco and drugs easily as they think it
can reduce their stress or improve their lifestyle.
Various organisations focus on developing effective advertisement and utilise different
promotional methods or tools such as radio, television, social websites, newspaper etc. All these
tools help in spreading awareness among people of the community. The advertisement and media
tools for spreading awareness support health-care organisation and government to control and
reduce illegal activities and practices related to consumption of tobacco, drugs and alcohol. It
helps in reducing the health issues such as cancer and other illness among the people as well as
develops a healthy environment or society of disease free people.
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3.3 Importance of giving significant health related data to general society
It is vital for the health experts like specialists and medical caretakers to give data
identified with well-being. Thus, following are the significance:
1. Awareness: There are numerous individuals who might be not mindful about effect of
expending tobacco items. Experts will be useful in making other's mindful and will have
the capacity to play it safe in order to beat the issues (Eldredge and et.al, 2016).
Furthermore, the general population who don't smoke however breathe in which also
affect similar to smoke are additionally influenced similarly. In this specific
circumstance, it is essential for creating mindfulness among individuals. As indicated by
the study, it was discovered that for the most part adolescents are dependent with
smoking. In this specific situation, with awareness, youngsters will be granted and they
may get persuade for stopping cigarettes.
2. Effect: There are numerous antagonistic effects of expending tobacco items and
illuminating individuals would help in building up a solid society. For instance, smoking
cigarettes causes ear contaminations, asthma issues, hypersensitivities, ulcers, and
pneumonia and lung malignancies. So also, there are numerous things which must be
remembered with the goal that they individuals stay healthy.
3. Increasing life expectancy: According to the overview, the normal future is diminishing
a result of numerous reasons like changing way of life, joblessness, having fat
sustenance, and so on. Through picking up data, individuals will find a way to enhance
their eating routine and this will be useful in expanding the normal future.
(Lewis and et.al, 2015).
CONCLUSION
The above report concluded that it is very essential for an individual to get aware and
informed about their health well-being. There are various government sources which reports
inequalities in health which are determined in the report. It also described the link between
smoking cessation program and government strategies such as awareness, personal counselling,
development of community etc. The report also determined importance of providing information
related to health of people. Furthermore, the assessment explained various routines to be
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followed in order to quit smoking along with health benefits related to theories of health
behaviour.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Lewis, S., 2015. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five
approaches. Health promotion practice,16(4), pp.473-475.
Eldredge, L.K.B., Markham, C.M., Ruiter, R.A., Kok, G. and Parcel, G.S., 2016. Planning
health promotion programs: an intervention mapping approach. John Wiley & Sons.
Naidoo, J. and Wills, J., 2016. Foundations for Health Promotion-E-Book. Elsevier Health
Sciences.
Machado, S., 2017. Letter to the Editor-The professionalization of health promotion in Canada: a
student perspective. Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada:
research, policy and practice, 37(6), pp.201-202.
Baum, F., 2016. The new public health (No. Ed. 4). Oxford University Press.
King, M.M., 2016. The vertical jump test as a health promotion screening tool for predicting
bone strength in young adults. The University of Iowa.
O'Connor, C.A., Dyson, J., Cowdell, F. and Watson, R., 2018. Do universal school‐based mental
health promotion programmes improve the mental health and emotional wellbeing of
young people? A literature review. Journal of clinical nursing, 27(3-4), pp.e412-e426.
Amato, P. and Lucia, A.D., 2017. Service providers’ competence and cross-cultural aspects of
mental health promotion for immigrant youth: A quantitative approach. The Social
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Goetzel, R.Z., Henke, R.M., Tabrizi, M., Pelletier, K.R., Loeppke, R., Ballard, D.W.,
Grossmeier, J., Anderson, D.R., Yach, D., Kelly, R.K. and Serxner, S., 2014. Do
workplace health promotion (wellness) programs work?. Journal of Occupational and
Environmental Medicine, 56(9), pp.927-934.
Lupton, D., 2014. Health promotion in the digital era: a critical commentary. Health promotion
international, 30(1), pp.174-183.
Malik, S.H., Blake, H. and Suggs, L.S., 2014. A systematic review of workplace health
promotion interventions for increasing physical activity. British journal of health
psychology, 19(1), pp.149-180.
Clift, S. and Page, S., 2015. Health and the International Tourist (Routledge Revivals).
Routledge.
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