Health Promotion Assignment: Public Health and Strategies, Semester 1

This report delves into various aspects of health promotion, starting with an examination of socioeconomic influences on health, including income, education, unemployment, discrimination, and housing. It then evaluates the role of government sources in reporting health inequalities and discusses the barriers to accessing healthcare, such as geographical limitations and educational disparities. The report further explores the links between government strategies and models of health promotion, highlighting strategies like Health 2005, and the role of professionals in meeting health promotion targets. It also discusses the significance of routines in promoting healthy living. The report also addresses how health beliefs relate to theories of health behavior, the effects of potential conflicts with local industry on health promotion, and the importance of providing relevant health-related information to the public. Finally, it touches upon how health promotion campaigns support health promotion strategies, offering a comprehensive overview of key concepts in public health and health promotion.

Health Promotion

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1 ...........................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Explain the effects of socio-economic influences on health ...........................................1
1.2 Evaluate the relevance of government sources in reporting on inequalities in health.....3
1.3 Discuss the reasons for barriers to accessing healthcare. ................................................4
TASK2 ..........................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Examine links between government strategies and models of health promotion. ..........5
2.2 The role of professionals in meeting government targets for promotion in health .........7
2.3) Discuss the role of routines in promoting health living..................................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
3.1) Explain how health beliefs relate to theories of health behaviour..................................9
3.2) Discuss the possible effects of potential conflicts with local industry on health promotion.
..............................................................................................................................................11
3.3) Explain the importance of providing relevant health related information to public.....11
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................12
4.1) Covered in poster..........................................................................................................12
4.2) Explain how the health promotion campaign supports health promotion strategies.. . .12
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Health promotion change persons to enhance control over their health. This covers a
broad range of environmental and social interventions which are designed to protect persons and
benefits individual quality and health of life through preventing and addressing the root causes of
ill health, not focusing on their cure and treatment (Bartels, 2015). It is the planned aggregation
of organisational, regulatory, political, educational helps for actions as well as conditions of
living conductive to groups, communities, health individuals. It is the development of
community, institutional, group, individual as well as systematic strategies for improvement of
behaviour, health knowledge attitudes, skills and behaviour of people. The significance of health
promotion that is, the health promotion reduce costs which is human and financial, focusing on
prevention, that are employers, families, insurance companies, communities.
Furthermore, reduce premature deaths, increase the quality of life for whole people
(Baxter, 2014). In this assignment it will discuss about effects of socio-economic influences on
health, relevance of government sources in reporting in inequalities in health and barriers to
accessing healthcare.
Moreover, understand the models of health promotion by government strategies, role of
professionals meeting or routines in promoting healthy living. This will discuss about the factors
which effects health promotion, in which health beliefs relate to different theories of health
behaviours, effects of potential conflicts with local industry. Moreover, significance of providing
applicable health related information to public. It will talking about the plan of health promotion
to meet particular objectives and how health promotions campaign supports health promotion.
TASK 1
1.1 Explain the effects of socio-economic influences on health
The health is needful for each and every person around the world for spent their life in a
very comfortable and cheerful way by conducting their regular routine work in an appropriate
way. In this assignment there are several kinds of socio-economic features that are responsible
for their health as well as effects on similar in negative and positive way (Clarke, 2015).
According to assignment the chosen five socio economic factors that affects health are as
discussed below:
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Income: Income is the major source of socio economic factors for health promotion. It
providing source for higher income gives better nutrition, recreation, schooling, housing,
purchasing the health care. The raised income takes away towards to better health. There is a
graded relationship among income and health (Du, 2014). It is very effective for health and
enhance income consider to finer health. It recognise several different ways that income
influence a persons health and their life in various style is Behavioural in which People are
suffering form low income by least of job opportunities are more liable to adopt unhealthy
behaviours for example drinking, smoking etc.
Education: the education is very essential as this gives acculturate information just about
various critical health issues with effectual caution about patient. This will help to take needed
levels in regular routine basis that is aidful to stay disease free in an appropriate way(Goetzel,
2014). It effects on health several ways, primary is teaching that changes children behaviour to
learn particular about the health that is called skills based education. On the other hand
secondary is by educational procedures as entirely gives skills and knowledge as a critical
thinking and creating opportunities that changes children to choose for their healthy lifestyles.
Unemployment- It has adversely influence on health, It still demonstrable when social
class, morbidity, pre existing, age, poverty are adjusted for unemployment (Golden, 2015). An
unemployment person that could be men of woman as well as their families has enhance
experience from mortality and particularly by lung cancer and suicide. An unemployed person
has decrement in psychological health among higher event of anxiety, depression, para-suicide.
The consumption of smoking are frequently enhanced after unemployment.
Discrimination: The discrimination is identified as a major key of health and operator of
racial ethnic health assets. People are exposed to racism have poorer health consequences
specially for mental health with both decreased evaluation to health and care as well as poorer
experiences of patients (Deasy, 2014).
Housing- Homelessness: The housing is more crucial at hygienic area of society. There
risks are spreading infections is overall nil (Griebler, 2017). If a person don't have house they
rarely deficiency to health care treatment. Many sever types of disease will increase if the home
is not clean and unhygienic. And when people are homelessness have high rates of
hospitalisation reports for heir physical health by unhygienic and uncleanliness.
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1.2 Evaluate the relevance of government sources in reporting on inequalities in health
Nowadays, the government authorities plays a very essential role in evaluating the phases
of activities that is health as well as planning which has to organised for peculiar community of
person (Kokko, 2014). The government and their representatives are creating right decision in
context of organising programs, conference and campaigns which is based on community
requirement for campaigns of health.
The government are dependable is capable to gives the itemized information about their
gender differentiation, income levels, age groups, education level. The health inequalities
reported too by geographical distribution of socio-economic groups (Linnan, 2014). It has also
noticed that people who are associated with least income are domicile in town and rural, sub
urban peoples in the nation. On the other hand the upper and middle group will be domicile in
geography with finer evaluation to health care services. A thing has been warned through various
peoples and free experts is difficult for government authorities to get that they are unable to gives
appropriate social justice. This is also suggested which health inequalities must be measured by
free bureau and this must be proved through management actual time on area for comparison and
testing.
In health the socio inequalities as well as their expectation with life has been found in
several past societies and contemporary. In health it exist and measured in formed of life
expectancy, mortality (Loss, 2014). This is classified by measures of socio-economic factors, on
the other side through ethnic gender or group. In the on going efforts, this is compare phases and
nature of health inequalities in various forms.
The inequality in health for example gender, ethnicity, socio economic gender, region in
evaluation to health care which is involving their reasons. The arrangement of health is define
through a broad assortment of national factors, community, individual. The inequalities in
arrangement in health has been various types of consequences which is utilising several
components considering life expectancy, disability, mortality rates, infant death, suicide etc.
(Lupton, 2014). Therefore, these type of persons are generally suffer from poverty and not able
spend medical services so that approving resources of movement authorities are aidful to people
for increasing required facilities and resolve their health related problems. In present context,
there are some of better treatment that are being given by government (sources and carious) in
relation to different health issues are discussed below:
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 Community health research foundations and agencies- It consider the government
structured that is doing investigation in several health problems as well as their raising
value so that needed measures that could be taken for growth of society and
communities. Those persons are search out critical issues or gives information to local
populations to take cautions for ignoring the similar concord.
 Public health and management department under government- It is consider as
various agencies which is conduct by persons in assorted programs and campaigns
because they gives cost free vaccination. And attempts out to recognise the safety and
health needs to satisfy them in a proper effective way.
 Public hospitals and medical services- The different types of medical institutions and
public hospitals must be maintain their records and documentation with respect to their
history of health issue. So, by this further applicable problems which can be solve easily
in limited time duration.
1.3 Discuss the reasons for barriers to accessing healthcare.
The access to healthcare in the equitable and consistent way is one of the important rights
of each and every person in nation and It takes satisfaction to assuring that occupant of their state
have evaluate to a quality health care services (Malik, 2014). Therefore, this is also determined
that inequalities among various type of social groups as well as communities, When it comes to
evaluate health care services. These type of inequalities are caused in order to several
psychological, physical, perception barriers between various groups of people. The foremost and
first physical barrier geographical region of population in country. It is determined that least
group of income attend to live in distant area availability of doctors and clinics in those areas is
low as well as there is reduced. On the other hand, there is patients are decreased to ratio of
doctors in populations of country. This is the cruel rotation in order to lesser patients interested
in obtaining health even private hospitals and doctors are not curious in working in those regions.
Moreover, the second barrier in inequality of health is level of education between the
quarry citizens (Park, 2016). The deficiency of education decreases their opportunities of
obtaining a higher gainful occupation and reduce income will again turning into reduce usable
financial gain to be spent on health and well-being. This is also determined which have
deficiency of education equal within deficiency of information of infectious diseases like skin
diseases infections. The unhealthy behaviour and lifestyle disorders choices and behaviour which
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are being developed though those people who are suffering from diseases regarding their
structure.
Therefore, this is consider the various features for example growth level of technology
and help through entire community, technological, demographic, healthcare system and their
support, social and environmental.
The effective health care system is very essential as it assist to examine effective issues
which is related to health of an individual, so by this the accurate treatment is given to people
who are suffering from diseases (Sorensen, 2016). This will gives help to organise desirable
process of medication but on the other hand it have deficiency of economic technologies which
develop barrier because of support accurate treatment to their sick persons in a proper and
effective way. While, they don't have several social standards has also responsible for developing
the unhealthy conditions.
TASK2
2.1 Examine links between government strategies and models of health promotion.
In the health promotion the government has developed various health models and
strategies for health promotion. They modifying their behaviour which is associated to health
that can really decrease the inequality in health. The government has several strategies to execute
finer health between population are organising effectual events and programs to gives desired
employment for benefit of people (Vamos, 2015). This is very needful for organisations of health
well another agencies to create various model for giving effectual medical facilities by
conforming each and every models and strategies by government in a appropriate way. There
are various strategies to promote health in different ways:
Health 2005 is determine the health promotion and this process of changing the persons
to enhance their health as well as their determinants and thereby modify their health. In this
strategy they implies quality working, employment, food security, housing, income etc.
In other strategy the healthy lives, healthy people 2010, it consists for the strategy of
public health in UK developed on several thoughts outlined in excellent and equity deliberating
in the health and social care departments. In which the white paper responded to the fair healthy,
society. The major focus was that to helps persons to live healthier life for a longer time as well
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to reduce inequalities of health. There are various model which are link to the government
strategies in health promotion are consider below:
Caplan and Holland's (1990)- In this model of health promotion the key features are
theoretically driven and more complex. The one line to theory of knowledge and how to
knowledge is developed in association to health. The other mention is to how community is build
and effects on health. The objective is that this is not effected through personal feelings,
emotions and opinions. It is totally based on things which are measurable and quantifiable. The
subjective appearance is to open to higher interpretation which is based on aesthetics, emotion,
and personal feelings. It is associated in Change for life, it is the campaign which is organised by
government of UK for smokers that caused diseases. It is the primary national social marketing
campaign to manage the cause of obesity. The goal is to assist families create small, sustainable
yet important improvements for diet as well as level of their activity. They uses slogan that is
“eat well, move more, live longer”
Tannahill and Downie (1996)- In this model the education of health is to communicate
for increase well being and stops ill health by effecting attitude and knowledgable. The
prevention is avoiding or reducing the risks of diseases as well as ill health primary by medical
intercession. The health protection is for safeguarding citizens fiscal social measures and health
legislative. Smoking health harm campaign. So, for those people who continuously smoke and
health issues are happen by smoking, the government organised a such type of campaigns to
encourage smokers to left and quit in new year. The goal of this program to enhance awareness
through high lightning the mediate damage being done through every single cigarettes.
Tones and Tilford's (1994)- The action model which is created by Tones. It has two
parts that is behavioural intention that is composed of three dimensions, comprises that
normative, motivation, belief. There are several factors which is define an intention of a prosper
that is leads to their actions. It recognise the major environmental, social, psychological features
that effect a person sustaining and adopting unsafe or safe linked behaviours. Be clear on cancer
which is associated with this model, in this campaign the goal is for those people who smoke on
a regular basis and cause cancer, the aim is to modify early diagnosis of cancer by enhancing
awareness in public and aware about symptoms and signs of cancer or encourage people to show
their GP without delay.
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2.2 The role of professionals in meeting government targets for promotion in health
In the Tones and Tilford's (1994) model of health promotion, it is essential that each and
every health associated professionals workers play a vital role as well as helps the health
promotion models and campaigns in society for the improvement of people in value of their
worsened health. In the health care organisation are capable to solve problems of their patients
and treat in a effective way by medical professionals by giving pepper treatment. The target of
government authorities in different states are to control infection between peoples so that they
will stay healthy. It is important for their development and growth and the professional workers
plays an essential role to satisfy them. There are various type of objectives of government
authorities with respect to different health issues by smoking. For those type of peoples the
government organise different campaigns, strategies and models for support and develop aware
about diseases. It is said that with an appropriate strategy, health promotion can easily be done
among targeted individuals (who smokes). Basically, a healthcare provider or professional deals
with a number of issues, which helps them in knowing right amount of knowledge and they may
help government in developing a much more effective and efficient health promotion related
campaign.
The health care professionals involve in health promotion is practice nurses and their role
would be reducing the health inequality by government target. The nurses are play a vital role to
treat patients in a effective way. As well as to coordinating care from many healthcare providers,
handling caseloads of patients with intense care demands and assisting patients conversion out of
hospitals. Moreover, home or another settings. They are also working as the health coaches and it
can say they promote wellness and prevent illness. In Tones and Tilford's, (1994), model of
health promotion, the practice nurses are helps to those people who are suffering from
cardiovascular, lungs, cancer diseases etc. They also aware people to participate in different
campaigns. In present time, it has become vital for professionals to meet the government's targets
when it comes to promote health and bring awareness among public. Without considering their
approaches, it is may be possible that awareness in relation to intense care will reduce, which can
be considered as an issue that will enhance the number of smokers or it will remain same.
2.3) Discuss the role of routines in promoting health living.
The healthy life plays an important role in an individual's life. As individual can deal
with stress and different activities of life. It can be achieved through some routines that involves
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of remove or eliminate some activities that can help in promoting and retarding health of an
individual. This requires a time duration or routine to make a habit about any thing. There are
certain habits occur that are adapt by individuals such as smoking, etc. With the help of this,
health inequalities can be reduced and can promote health in an effective manner. The routines
includes scheduled or time table of an individuals that they attain in their everyday life. These
time table help individual in developing habits of a particular thing. With the help of routine,
individual can perform daily task in a well perform manner (Hoert, Herd and Hambrick, 2018).
The routine for health life includes low stress, optimistic behaviour and less illness. In order to
promote health life, it is necessary to generate awareness about good health.
There are many habits in routine that are attain by generation in their daily activities.
However, it is important to achieve and make some good habits such as personal and general
hygiene, exercise, diet, etc. It is necessary to take care these factors as it provides prevention
from various risk habits. The routine of an individual impact on their condition of health. So, it is
necessary to promote health lifestyle of an individual so that promotion of health can be
achieved. The routines of personal hygiene can help prevention of disease and infections from
body, with this, a good health can be achieved. This habits are necessary to attain by individual
itself in their daily life activities such as hand, toilet, shower and sickness hygiene. There is
general hygiene which is necessary to be acquire by individual by developing safe and
cleanliness environment. This types of hygiene are related to cleanliness and health and medicine
that bring up some approaches from which prevention and spreading of disease can be sustained.
The healthy diet and exercise plays an important role in promoting health so it is needed to be
adapt in daily routine.
A health diet can influence in number of ways by maintaining balance between essential
requirements of body. This is needed to be achieved in daily routine. A regular exercise can
promote health by maintaining physical and mental health of human well being. It reduces risk of
various diseases and improve efficiency of doing daily chores (Lupton, 2016). A good routine is
formed by adaption of these habits in life on a regular basis. Basically, at present time smoking
has been considered as one of the primal most thing to do in today's routine of an individual.
Most of the people has a routine of smoking around 10 to 12 cigarettes everyday which develops
a negative impact on their health. Due to this, they may suffer from various disease and can get
hospitalised due to shortness of breath.
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TASK 3
3.1) Explain how health beliefs relate to theories of health behaviour.
The health beliefs are related to person's belief about their health perspective from which
they take actions from which they can promote health. There are some models which are relate to
health theories in order to promote health. There is health belief model which help in
understanding human behaviour and that are necessary to adapt by an individual.
Theory of reasoned action:- this theory define the connection between behaviours,
beliefs, attitudes and intention of an individual towards their health. In this, a person behaviour
or attitude is determined. This theory can be explained in three of the following factors that are
described below.
 Attitude:- it refers to own behaviour of an individual or organization that come up with
a positive and negative attitude towards health. This is being considered as one of the
primal reason which influences the behaviour of a person, but in psychological terms it
is said that most of the time a person's mind shifts much faster towards bad habits like
smoking, consuming alcohol and so on, rather than picking good habits. Therefore, it is
much required in present time to change the behaviour of an individual based on their
needs and requirements.
 Subjective norms:- This factor is linked with families belief or perception. As they are
responsible for knowledge about economical and social influence environment which
influence them in their health promotion (Langdon and et. al., 2016). Basically, family's
belief along with the perceptions need proper evaluation so that right decisions can be
taken into consideration in order to reduce the health related issues. This is being taken
into consideration is because in medical terms, a person learns different things from
his/her family at the growing stage.
 Perceived behavioural control:- In present time, there are some important effects of
health belief in order to maintain their health and to promote it daily. This can be done
through various control related approaches where there are a number of elements that
can be covered and these are: strength of each control belief (c) is weighted by the
perceived power (p) of the control factor, and the products are aggregated. With the help
of this, it can easily be said that reduction of health related issues and smoking habits
could effectively be reduced to minimal.
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There are stages of change model which are described below:-
With the help of this, a smoker can control and manage his/her smoking related
behaviour. The steps are described below.
 Pre-contemplation:- this factors includes when person is not taking seriously about their
health. It involve unsuccessful attempts of changes that are confront by individual. The
person is have no intention to take change about their attitude and habits.
 Contemplation:- in this step, there are some intention to take action to promote health.
The behaviour of an individual are influence so that people can take actions towards their
behaviour so that they can adapt changes.
 Preparation:- in this step, the actions are to be take in nearer future. This changes can be
measure through identifying awareness and behaviour of issues (Bittner and Kulesz,
2015). Basically, this stage is based on the above two steps because, without knowing the
appropriate intention and without analysing the reason behind less adaptive nature of an
individual or a group, it can easily be said that it will put negative impact upon overall
preparation stage of a policy or a plan.
 Action:- from the action that are be taken, changes start appearing in individual for a
short period of time. This is where, the developed plan in relation to the perspective takes
place.
 Replace:- if the previous actions are not working then the changes are make and new
approaches are used in order to promote health behaviour. It is also needed to bring
appropriate alternatives right on time so that correct change can be brought in, even when
facing ample number of uncertainties within the health industry.
 Maintenance:- this step helps in maintaining changes on a long term basis. It helps in
developing beneficiaries for an individual to apply changes in attitude so that health can
be achieved.
The health action model
There are many health condition occur due to adaptation of various risk behaviours such
as use of smoking, and other risk attitudes. This model is define as beliefs of an person that
cannot change according to situation. These beliefs sometime cause problems while some are
benefited in an individuals life. The health belief of person are connected with society and
environment. Once the perception is made then it is hard to change their beliefs.
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