Evaluating Health Care Delivery and Reforms: Australia, USA, and UK

This assignment provides a comparative evaluation of the health care systems in Australia, the United States of America, and the United Kingdom, focusing on their structures, reforms, and effectiveness. It highlights the challenges faced by each country, such as overcrowded hospitals in Australia, the dominance of private healthcare in the USA, and the workload on the National Health Services (NHS) in the UK. The report discusses the reforms implemented or proposed in each country, including Australia's activity-based funding, the USA's Affordable Care Act (ACA), and the UK's Health and Social Care Act. The evaluation concludes that the UK's health care system, primarily funded by the government and managed by the NHS, is considered superior in providing timely and appropriate care compared to the systems in Australia and the USA, while also noting areas needing improvement in each nation. Desklib offers access to this and other solved assignments for students.

Health Care Dilevery and Reforms

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION 1
Contents
Comparative evaluation of Health Care System of Australia, United States of America and United
Kingdom................................................................................................................................................2
Evaluation of Health care systems.........................................................................................................4
References.............................................................................................................................................6

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION 2
Comparative evaluation of Health Care System of Australia, United States
of America and United Kingdom
The health care system of Australia is concern about the conditions of their Public
hospitals as the numbers of patients are increasing and the health care services are not enough
for all. The overcrowded emergency departments, long waiting lists for elective surgery and
number of beds per patients has become a major issue for the Medicare and for Government.
To address these issues the Health care system has proposed a reform in 2009 the key
principal underlying for reform are, Local decision making within overall management of the
health care system, Activity based funding for Hospitals and Public Performing Report
(Countryeconomy.com, 2017).
The United States of America (USA) health care facility is largely own by the private
sector business and the public health care system condition of are very bad. The people of
USA not prefer to go to public hospitals for their treatment, they prefer to go to private
hospitals as they provide best health care facilities the government of USA need to bring
Reforms to address this issue. And in United Kingdom (UK) the public health care system is
well established are well equipped for the patients the resident of UK need not to wait for
treatment or for bed the system is very well planned (Goldman's Cecil medicine, 2012).
The Health care system of USA has fails to provide timely and appropriate care to a
substantial segment of the population, and the care that the public does received is far more
expensive than care provided in other developed nations. In America 58% of community
hospital are non-profits and only 21% are government owned. The USA uses a great share of
their GDP for Health care but still they fails to provide reasonable health care service to their
population. To control the cost of expensive treatment the Democratic Party of USA has

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION 3
proposed a reform in 2010 to bring the ACA, the proposal is been sign by the legislative
assembly. The main purpose to establish new reform is to improve the efficiency,
effectiveness and quality of medical care and access to affordable health insurance coverage
(Department of health and social care, 2013).
The health care facilities in Australia are affordable and the condition of public
hospitals is very good in comparison to USA. The public health care services in Australia is
finance with the mix efforts of Federal, State and Local Governments, the government
financed almost around 70% of total expenditure of primary health expenses of patients. And
in UK the government finance all expenses of patient’s health care services. The single
source of finance is general revenue. Both Australia and UK provide the benefits for free or
partial health care services to their aboriginal and proper residents other peoples are not
entitled to avail this service.
The main body which is been established by UK government to regulate the health
care system is National Health Services (NHS). Since 1948 the National Health Services has
gone though many changes but in current conditions the work load of NHS has increased
because it is to solo body which is regulating the health care system of UK, due to the work
load the continuous growth and improvement in health quality is getting effected. To address
this issue the government has proposed the new reform by introducing Health and Social care
Act. The main aim of this act is to transfer the responsibilities of NHS to independent bodies
and make the working of NHS more liberal by minimizing the control of ministry (N.H.S.
Choices, 2018).
The governing or regulating body of health care system in Australia is Medicare. As
the work load on Medicare is not as much as of NHS so it not requires any kind of reforms.
The National Institutes of health is the primary agency which is responsible for public health

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION 4
and biomedical in United State of America. It is well known that health care facility is largely
own by the private sector in USA so the responsibilities of National Institutes of health is not
much so there is no need to transfer or diversification of its responsibilities.
Evaluation of Health care systems
On the bases of above stated reforms the condition of health care system of UK is
consider to be better than the health care system of Australia and USA. The public health care
system of UK is fully finance by the Government and the chief aim of the NHS is to offer
good facilities and health care to its inhabitants. NHS only finances the health care expenses
of its aboriginal residents and proper residents only. The health care system of Australia is
not fully finance by the government. Only 70% of primary care is been finance by the
government rest is to be paid by the patients. And in America the private sectors are more
active in health care service the conditions of municipal hospitals are not good in USA. The
Expenses incurred in health care service in USA is highest in the world as the finance is not
properly provides by the government (Freund & Everett, 2015).
The Health care service of UK is far better than USA and Australia. In 2017, NHS of
UK is ranked first among 11 developed countries which include Australia, US and Germany
by Commonwealth. As per safety criteria the UK health care is consider to be best among the
rest as per survey conducted by WHO only 4% people have shown their concern about the
system but rest are in the favour. The availability of the health care workforce in UK is much
better in UK in comparison to two other countries
The health care system of USA fails to provide appropriate and timely treatment and
care to its residents and the treatment in USA is very expensive. The USA use great share of
its GDP in comparison of other nation but them still is facing lots of poor health conditions.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION 5
To improve the health conditions the Democrat Government brings the ACA in 2010
(USA.gov, 2018).
The major problem of Australia is conditions of public hospitals, overcrowded
emergency department and long waiting line for surgery. To fight with these issues the
National Health and Hospitals Reform Commission bring the change in the health and service
act in 2009 (AIHW, 2018).
And England Health care system is better than both countries, there are no such big
issues and problem lies with their health care system. The recent reform take place in 2012
the new Act Health and Social Care Act just to transfer the responsibilities Of NHS to the
independent bodies because the workload of NHS has increased very much (England N. H.
S., 2016).

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION 6
References
AIHW. (2018). Workforce. Retrieved from https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports-statistics/health-
welfare-services/workforce/overview.
Countryeconomy.com. (2017). Australia GDP - Gross Domestic Product. Retrieved from
https://countryeconomy.com/gdp/australia.
Department of health and social care. (2013). Guidance The health and care system explained
Published 26 March 2013. Retrieved from
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-health-and-care-system-explained/
the-health-and-care-system-explained.
England, N. H. S. (2016). Evidence review: pasireotide for acromegaly as third-line
treatment (adults). Retrieved from https://www. engage. england. nhs.
uk/consultation/clinical-commissioningwave4/user_uploads/a03x11-pasiretd-evidnc-
rep.pdf
Freund, T. & Everett, C. (2015). Skill mix, roles and remuneration in the primary care
workforce: who are the healthcare professionals in the primary care teams across the
world?. International journal of nursing studies, 52(3), 727-743.
Goldman's Cecil medicine. (2012). Health insurance coverage in the United States. Retrieved
from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/health-insurance-
coverage-in-the-united-states.3
N.H.S. Choices. (2018). NHS Choices, Your health, your choices. Retrieved from
https://www.nhs.uk/pages/home.aspx.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION 7
USA.gov. (2018). Health Insurance Learn about health insurance, including Medicaid and
Medicare.. Retrieved from https://www.usa.gov/health-insurance.