Health and Social Care: Role of Smoking, Diet, and Exercise

This report delves into the significant roles of smoking, diet, and exercise in relation to human diseases, with a particular focus on Alzheimer's, diabetes, and heart disease. It highlights the adverse effects of smoking and unhealthy diets, emphasizing their contribution to various health problems, including obesity and cardiovascular issues. The report underscores the benefits of healthy eating habits and regular physical activity, supported by government initiatives and health programs aimed at promoting wellness. It further explores the causes, symptoms, and impact of Alzheimer's disease on individuals and their families, advocating for preventative measures such as healthy diets, exercise, and social engagement. The report references several studies and expert opinions to support its findings, concluding with recommendations for improving health programs and promoting healthier lifestyles to mitigate the risks of these diseases.

Running Head: HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE
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Health and Social Care

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Role of smoking, diet, and exercise in human diseases
Healthy diets, physical activities, and exercise play an significant role in the reduction
of human diseases. There are many types of human illnesses such as Alzheimer’s, heart
disease, diabetes, obesity, and chronic disease. Alzheimer’s is a type of human disease which
causes many problems such as loss of memory, change in behaviour, and thinking. This
health risk is increasing with age of adults and around 60% of people in the UK suffered from
Alzheimer's disease. Diabetes and heart problem is also a big problem for individuals and
diabetes is increasing rapidly in the UK. According to World health organization, type 2
diabetes rapidly in last few years and there are many other diseases occur due to type 2
diabetes such as obesity, overweight, heart attacks, and cardiovascular disease (Hu, 2011).
The main reasons for these diseases are lack of physical activity and healthy diets. In the UK
the rate of diabetes is increasing day by day and it is appraised that in the UK the number of
unhealthy people is more as compared to a number of healthy people.
The rate of diabetes and other diseases can be reduced by eating healthy food rather
than unhealthy foods and exercise also play a significant role to reduce these diseases.
According to data from the last few years, eating of the unhealthy diet increased obesity and
overweight problem in the UK. If any person eats healthy food, drink soft water and do
exercise regularly than many health risks and disease can be reduced. To reduce these
diseases and health problem in the UK the minister of health developed many policies and
strategies and it is estimated that in last five years the rate of heart disease and diabetes has
been decreased by 10%. Physical activates and exercise also plays an important role in the
prevention of diabetes and COPD problem (American Diabetes Association, 2015). The main
advantage of exercise is that it increases metabolism and reduce extra body fat. The
government of the UK developed many action plans and health program to avoid these
diseases in children and adults and also promote healthy diets, exercise and physical activate.
The smoking affects the human body system and it blocks blood circulation in human
body. Smoking can cause vision problem and also increase the lung cancer problem.
Smoking is one of the most risk factors which increases heart disease and it is estimated that
if any person smoke regularly than he can suffer from heart disease and it also affects
memory of any person which increase the problem of Alzheimer’s disease. Unhealthy diets
affect the human body system and it increases the problem of obesity. Exercise increases

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metabolism of the human body so if any person does not follow a proper exercise program
that he reduces the metabolism of his body. If any person does not follow a proper diet plan
and exercise program that he can suffer from obesity, type 2 diabetes, and overweight
problem. There are many ecological and social factors that raise the problem of diabetes,
heart disease, and COPD such as lack of physical activities, lack of garden and health
programs, use of unhealthy diets, and beverages, and low exercise. In this modern generation
problem of smoking is rapid increases and this reduces the metabolism of the human body
and also increases many types of diseases such as diabetes, heart problem, and lungs problem
(Dietz, Baur, Hall, Puhl, Taveras, Uauy, & Kopelman, 2015).
Smoking, diet, and exercise also play an important role in Alzheimer’s disease and it
is estimated that if any person does not eat healthy foods that he can suffer from Alzheimer’s
health disorder. If any person eats unhealthy foods like fast foods than his body system will
not work properly, it can increase the blood pressure of any human body system, it can
reduce blood circulation in immune system and person can lose his memory by eating
unhealthy foods and this can increase the problem of Alzheimer’s. if any person does not
follow a proper exercise program than his metabolism can be reduced and this directly affect
humans memory system, therefore a person can suffer from Alzheimer’s disease. According
to world health organization, it is observed that around 2 million people were suffered from
Alzheimer’s disease because they eat unhealthy foods, and does not follow proper exercise
plan (Uribarri, Castillo, Maza, Filip, Gugliucci, Luevano, & Portero, 2015). It is estimated
that healthy diets and exercise can reduce around 50% of Alzheimer’s disease. There are
many authors who researched this problem and they observed that this type of problem occur
if any person smokes, and eat unhealthy diets. However, Alzheimer’s disease can be reduced
by promoting healthy diets and exercise and people should reduce the use of fast foods so
they can improve their blood circulation system and can reduce this type of health disorder.
To avoid these diseases in children and adults government should improve health
program and also promote a healthy diet, and exercise. Teachers should provide education
and training program related to health risks and also promote healthy food rather than fast
food this will reduce the rate of diabetes, overweight, and other health problems. Parents
should promote physical activates, and exercise that avoid obesity, and another health
problem and it is estimated that healthy diets and exercise reduced many health problems and
health disorders in the last few years.

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Alzheimer’s disease
Alzheimer’s is a type of disease which is a part of dementia and it is increasing
rapidly in the whole world. This disease affects human memory, block brain, thinking skills,
and other mental problems (Alzheimer’s, 2015). The main reason of Alzheimer’s illness is
not fully understood, and the rate of Alzheimer’s health disorder is increasing in last few
years at it is estimated that this disease is the 6th leading reason of death in the UK. This
disease occurs in older adults that means whose age above 60 they suffer from Alzheimer’s
disease. It affects human functioning and it occurs when any person completely depends upon
other activity. There are many types of dementia such as Lewy body dementia, vascular, and
front temporal dementia. There are several people who have both vascular and Alzheimer’s
dementia. The memory problem is one of the most signs of Alzheimer's disease and a few
individuals with memory issues have a situation which is called mild cognitive impairment
(Heppner, Ransohoff, & Becher, 2015). There are many causes of Alzheimer's disease such
as a genetic problem, lifestyle factors, and environmental factors. The rate of Alzheimer’s
disease varies and it depends upon the brain of any person. When any person in the family
suffered from Alzheimer's disease, it affects all family members involving children and
adults. Alzheimer’s disease affects family members and friends and it involves many factors
such as the improved risk of physical disease, increasing social isolation, and emotional well-
being (Cruchaga, Karch, Jin, Benitez, Cai, Guerreiro, & Jeng, 2014). The problem of memory
loss not only affects personal life but is also an affected family member, and friends in a
society. According to the expert in social memory care, families and friends can affect by
Alzheimer’s disease. If any person is suffering from Alzheimer’s disease and his family
member goes to the hospital for check-up than they may feel guilty that they have not kept
him at home for a long time, so he can affect his family members. if any person has
Alzheimer’s disease than his family can lose him because he is suffering from Alzheimer’s
problem. Sometimes family members can frustrate and irritate and angry when they talk with
a person who is suffering from this problem. Younger children and adults may affect due to
Alzheimer’s disease and also fearful that they will get this disease. An Alzheimer’s person
increases the risk of burden, depression, stress, and other mental abilities. According to
research, it is estimated that caring of an individual with dementia disease is more stressful as
compared to an individual with the physical disorder. It is estimated that in 2006 around 10%
of people in the UK suffered from Alzheimer’s disease and in 2008 the rate of Alzheimer
disease has doubled. There are many authors who researched the problem of Alzheimer

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disease, diabetes, and heart disease and it is observed that this type of health problems occur
due to lack of physical activities and exercise. According to the National Health Service, the
numbers of caregiver’s people are more than as compare to no caregiver’s individuals. The
caregiver is increased many other problems such as cardiovascular disease, poor sleep
pattern, chronic disease, cancer, and heart attacks. Alzheimer's disease is also reduced social
contact and support and is increases social isolation problem. Physical activities and healthy
diets play an important role to reduce Alzheimer's disease and also decrease the risk of
vascular illness and Alzheimer’s disease (Barnard, Bush, Ceccarelli, Cooper, Jager, Erickson,
& Morris, 2014). Exercise may maintain brain cells by improving oxygen and flow of blood
in the brain. Exercise also increases metabolism of the body and also protect the human body
from other health risks. Current studies indicate that healthy diets and physical activities
improve brain cells and the flow of blood in the human body (Norton, Matthews, Barnes,
Yaffe, & Brayne, 2014). Healthy diets involve low sugar, fish, vegetables, and fruits and two
diets may be useful for human bodies such as the DASH diet, and the Mediterranean diet.
The DASH diet involves fruits, fish, vegetables, and vegetable oils and Mediterranean diet
involves meat, fruits, and low sugar products. There are many prevention methods through
which Alzheimer's disease can be reduced such as regular exercise, eat healthy foods, social
engagement, quality sleep, stress management, and mental stimulation.

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References
Alzheimer’s, A. (2015). 2015 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures. Alzheimer's & dementia:
the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 11(3), 332.
American Diabetes Association. (2015). 4. Foundations of care: education, nutrition, physical
activity, smoking cessation, psychosocial care, and immunization. Diabetes Care,
38(1), S20-S30.
Barnard, N. D., Bush, A. I., Ceccarelli, A., Cooper, J., de Jager, C. A., Erickson, K. I., &
Morris, M. C. (2014). Dietary and lifestyle guidelines for the prevention of
Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Aging, 35, S74-S78.
Cruchaga, C., Karch, C. M., Jin, S. C., Benitez, B. A., Cai, Y., Guerreiro, R., & Jeng, A. T.
(2014). Rare coding variants in the phospholipase D3 gene confer risk for
Alzheimer’s disease. Nature, 505(7484), 550.
Dietz, W. H., Baur, L. A., Hall, K., Puhl, R. M., Taveras, E. M., Uauy, R., & Kopelman, P.
(2015). Management of obesity: improvement of health-care training and systems for
prevention and care. The Lancet, 385(9986), 2521-2533.
Heppner, F. L., Ransohoff, R. M., & Becher, B. (2015). Immune attack: the role of
inflammation in Alzheimer disease. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 16(6), 358.
Hu, F. B. (2011). Globalization of diabetes: the role of diet, lifestyle, and genes. Diabetes
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Norton, S., Matthews, F. E., Barnes, D. E., Yaffe, K., & Brayne, C. (2014). Potential for
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Uribarri, J., del Castillo, M. D., de la Maza, M. P., Filip, R., Gugliucci, A., Luevano-
Contreras, C., & Portero-Otin, M. (2015). Dietary advanced glycation end products
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