Health Promotion: Socio-economic Factors and Campaign Report

This report delves into various aspects of health promotion, commencing with an introduction that highlights the increasing importance of public health initiatives. Task 1 explores the profound effects of socioeconomic influences on health, examining factors such as income, education, and environment. It also analyzes the relevance of government sources in reporting health inequalities, including the use of epidemiology and mortality statistics, while also discussing barriers to healthcare access, encompassing financial and physical obstacles. Task 2 investigates the links between government strategies and health promotion models, the role of professionals in meeting health promotion targets, and the significance of routines in promoting healthy living. Task 3 focuses on health beliefs in relation to health behavior theories, the effects of potential conflicts with local industries, and the importance of providing relevant health information to the public. Finally, the report concludes with the planning of a health promotion campaign, detailing how it supports established health promotion strategies. The report draws on various sources, including the Ottawa Charter, World Bank reports, and government publications, to provide a comprehensive overview of the subject.

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Contents
Introduction..............................................................................................................................2
Task 1........................................................................................................................................3
1.1Explain the effects of socio-economic influences on health.........................................3
1.2 The relevance of government sources in reporting on inequalities in health...........5
1.3 Reasons for barriers to accessing Healthcare............................................................10
Task 2......................................................................................................................................12
2.1 Analyse the links between government strategies and models of health promotion
..............................................................................................................................................12
2.2 Explain the role of professionals in meeting government targets for health
promotion............................................................................................................................13
2.3 Discuss the role of routines in promoting healthy living..........................................14
Task 3......................................................................................................................................16
3.1 Explain how health beliefs relate to theories of health behaviour...........................16
3.2 Discuss the possible effects of potential conflicts with local industry on health
promotion............................................................................................................................17
3.3 Explain the importance of providing relevant health related information to the
public...................................................................................................................................18
1.1Plan a health promotion campaign to meet specific objectives.................................19
4.2 Explain how the health promotion campaign supports health promotion strategies
..............................................................................................................................................20
Conclusion...............................................................................................................................22
References...............................................................................................................................23

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* Introduction
There was a clip when wellness care industry was not given much importance and masses
used to go to a topical anaesthetic physician in type of any wellness issue, no matter what is
the making of that local doctor. But now the time has changed and people as well as
government activity are taking the health related offspring very seriously (Scambler 2008).
In these papers, diverse sorts of battles for wellbeing advancement will be talked about with
the assistance of some wellbeing models which could build the accomplishment of these
fights.

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* Task 1
1.1 Explain the effects of socio-economic influences on health
Health Promotion is a medium to make each individual empower to take control of their well
being and get the craved administration from suitable office. Being in better well being and
shape ought not be the principle point of living, however it ought to be considered as an asset
for carrying on with an upbeat life where everything the needs of an individual are fulfilled
(Ottawa Charter,1986),. Social economic is the major factor of poor health of an individual,
people those who have low status they generally get suffered from the infectious and non
infectious diseases. There are various factors such as education, income, environment etc.
which are directly link with the poor well-being of persons Age, sex and heredity, etc. are the
factors that determine health. Kind of choices that we make matters too, but these choices
have been over the years influenced by experiences, culture, etc. Socio-economic drivers like
income, education and social connectivity have a direct impact on health. These socio-
economic elements strongly interact to affect health and, in general, an improvement in any
of these can produce an improvement in both health behaviours and outcomes among
individuals and/or groups.
The fundamental purpose for the well being advancement is the poor social state of
the individuals. Well being advancement engages the destitute and makes them feel sheltered
if there should arise an occurrence of a well being issue in the group.
Some huge effects of monetary effect on well being are:
1 Countries which get loads of cash through distinctive sorts of charges on
individuals give better well being administrations to its kind.
2 A Govt. which is having part of riches in their trusts dependably has the
opportunity to give great human services to their subjects.
3 Access of clean and safe water is likewise a central point regarding the matter
of the well being of the populace of a particular geographic spot (World Bank 2000).
4 Poverty, lack of education and ailing health are different variables which
influences the financial well-being. – When poverty hits a person, he/she is not able to

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take the necessities of life and in order of not taking those necessities they did not get
the required protein and nutrition a human body wants. So this degrades there overall
health. If a person is poor that means he/she is not having the required amount to live
with utmost comfort, which is further caused by lack of education and illness in
health.
Some of the socio economic factors-
Pay: For a white collar class family it is ideal to have great sum compensation and these
families are by and large subject to the pay. A month to month compensation is exceptionally
helpful for the working class family wellbeing.
Retreat: A subsidence assumes an imperative part in wellbeing variables and retreat is
similar to fiasco for the whole country and which likewise prompts numerous real issues.
Numerous individuals lost their employment and job. This at last prompts poor condition and
weakness.
Separation: Segregation on the premise of sex, age, religion and position by and large
prompts weakness of the group and that prompts different sorts of debate between
individuals.

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Figure : Model of Health
* 1.2 The relevance of government sources in reporting on inequalities in
health
The administration considers wellbeing estimation as a negative perspective and as opposed
to taking it absolutely for the advancement of the general public by taking activities upon the
estimation and reporting. A large portion of the administration sources report wellbeing
imbalances as an infection in the number of inhabitants in a particular geological territory. An
alternate wellspring of the legislature is the death rate at a certain area; yet again this source
is not exceptionally dependable to focus the imbalance in wellbeing. Death rate just indicates
what number of passing’s have been happened, not the explanations for these passing’s
The ineffectiveness of the above mentioned source in reporting on inequality in wellness,
administration has now turned its gaze to non-conventional author like Epidemiology. The
Epidemiology is divided into deuce segment which are known as descriptive and analytic
Epidemiology (Putnam 2001). The measure of inequality in wellness is done by the

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Epidemiology approach path which not only identifies how many the great unwashed
affected but also who is affected. It means that Epidemiology lets the politics determine the
rationality behind the inequality in wellness care services. Mortality statistics is also a source
of government entropy which William Tell the government about the fatality rate pace
according to the gender, age and sex of the people and defines the inequality in wellness. But
the sources like statistics do not provide the accurate information about the inequality in
health and government needs to find new sources which are more relevant to the health
measurement. Below are the some of the grounds which have fruitfully proven the inequality
in estate and provides reasonable steps to open it.
The first is Michael Marmot who has proposed and gives a full confirmation proof to show
case the imbalance in England and needed it to get amend before 2010 (Nut beam & Wise,
2010) The following are a few focuses for demonstrating an equivalent wellbeing to all the
subjects:
1 Individuals who are adolescent, old and grown-ups ought to put a greater
number of accentuations on their capacities instead of concentrating on whatever
other things.
2 Each kid ought to improve out of best wellbeing from their guardians too from
their govt.
3 Benchmarks on wellbeing ought to be gotten all through the entire procedure
of wellbeing advancement.
4 Separation in light of the occupations and job ought not to go on without
serious consequences.
5 Atmosphere and great environment are additionally in charge of the great life
and better wellbeing.
6 Try to avoid everything related ill-health
The second significant data for the govt. sources is Acheson report which was distributed in
the year of was distributed after the report of the dark report it took 18 years to get
distributed. In this 18 years it was the intense time for the UK individuals as the disparity has
broaden up and around 24% of the populace were having salary half contrast with the lodging

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cost in 1995-96 and accounted to 7% in 1977. Families around then seen the hardest time and
around 31% of kids existed in house where normal wage was short of what the aggregate
normal pay. Furthermore considerably more than 1 million kids' have existed in a house
where there is no era of wage (Bartholomew & Fernandez, 2011).
As per the report of PUBLIC HEALTH ENGLAND which is an autonomous agency under
Department of Health, having a mission to address inequalities through working with local
and national government and the voluntary sector, HIV is a major health issue for London.
The new HIV diagnoses reported in 2011 was 2600, the figure is 11% higher than 2000. The
men who have sex with men and black Africans are the key risk groups for HIV in London.
The most common route of infection for those diagnosed in 2011 in London, is sex between
men (54%), while black Africans is responsible for 30%. Only 1 % HIV diagnoses due to
Injecting drug.
In London, The large numbers of people having HIV are diagnosed late (54%) where as one
out of five Londoners are unaware of their HIV status.
Figure 2: HIV Details in London, 2002 - 2011
The above figure shows HIV and AIDS diagnoses and deaths reported in London, 2002-
2011, In 2011 the number of new HIV diagnoses were 2637. Following 2004, there has been
a decline in new HIV diagnoses. In 2011 the numbers of AIDS diagnoses were 156 only and
169 deaths.

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Figure 3: Categories of Newly Diagnosed HIV Services
The above figure shows the route of acquiring HIV. In 2011 the most common route of HIV
acquiring is MSM; second most common route was sex between men and woman. Only 39
people acquire HIV due to inject drugs.
The figure below shows proportion of people living with HIV who are undiagnosed.
Heterosexuals are more likely to be undiagnosed, among them a higher proportion of males
compared to females.
Figure 4: Undiagnosed HIV Patients, UK 2011

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Figure 5: Diagnose Prevalence of HIV
The above figure shows the diagnosed prevalence of HIV in people lies in age group of 15 to
59 year old. London having 5.4/1000 diagnosed prevalence which is higher compare to all
other. The minimum diagnosed prevalence is 0.8/1000 which is of north east.
The last occurrence is the dark report which was distributed in the year of 1980 and the assent
given by the Thatcher govt. also it is the main govt. which needs the aggregate uniformity
among everybody and with encapsulation personnel without making any separation. The
govt. has vision about the equivalent right to everybody and the resident must comprehend
what the things are great and awful for them. For providing knowledge about the health care
services government conducts survey, so that it can make aware people about their health and
environment and can protect them from being suffered with diseases. With the help of these
documents and sources authorities timely updates the reliable informations which are linked
with inequalities, it supports medical professionals to give accurate treatment to patient and
take appropriate action for health promotions. The health and lifestyle Surveys, Health
Survey for England and census data have been helping governments to identify the areas
which are rural and by identifying those areas governments are adopting certain measures to
overcome the issue.
The last report for this errand is 1998 Acheson report which straightforwardly or in a round
about way impact the dark report of 1980 which says in regards to the question between the
individuals because of imbalances and lack of imbalance prompts whole country to a huge
issues. By this there has been expanding the level of keeping up wellbeing furthermore work

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proficiently. This additionally has begun programs which are identified with then changes of
the wellbeing of the individuals.
* 1.3 Reasons for barriers to accessing Healthcare
Despite the fact that wellbeing offices are accessible at a spot, it doesn't imply that each
individual at that area has the capacity get to the health awareness. A portion of the principle
motivations to getting to human services are as per the following:
Monetary Barriers
The high charges of the private specialists, not having cash to benefit the administrations of
medicinal services foundations are the purposes behind hindrances to getting to social
insurance.
Physical Roadblock
As a matter of first importance physical obstruction to getting to health awareness is the
working movements of individuals. Individuals work in associations where movement times
are typically 9 am to 7 pm. This is likewise the time of medicinal services offices and due to
this; individuals are not ready to achieve health awareness offices at proper time. A
percentage of the medicinal services offices need lifts which makes it troublesome for the
physically tested individuals to achieve the office.
Psychological Barricade
Anxiety towards the treatment at a medicinal services office, emotional wellness
inconvenience is the mental boundaries to getting to social insurance ((NHS
2009).Psychological Barriers
Geographical Roadblocks
The geographical area where people are aliveness also creates roadblock to accessing
wellness tending because of the inaccessibility of transport and limited health care facilities
in the area.
Cultural and Language Barricades

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A portion of the medicines don't runs exceptionally well with the way of life of a particular
group and the inaccessibility of the same sex specialists for female workers likewise make
hindrances.
Asset Barriers
The lack of staff, trusts and the interest of a particular administration in extensive sum
additionally impedes the individuals from getting to wellbeing administrations.
Some other factors due to which individual will not attend health services are:
Social shame: In this factor the person will not attend health service due to the fear that other
people judge him negatively if he or she seeks help.
Fear of emotion: In this factor the individual have fear of sharing his painful emotions due to
which he or she will not attend health service.
Anticipated risk: Some persons have perceptions that opening up to another person may
cause dangers, due to which they will not attend health services.
Self-disclosure: In this people feels uncomfortable to disclosing personal information.

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* Task 2
* 2.1 Analyse the links between government strategies and models of health
promotion
Government puts their best efforts to prevent people from diseases and to create
healthy environment in the particular area. Authorities have given various strategies for
reducing the health issues, diseases and disorders in UK. Being a smoking cessation officer in
G.P practice, it is necessary for doctors to reduce the number of patients of smoking (Polit
and Beck, 2007). Government has made several strategies such as Anti smoking campaign,
development of no smoking places, high rate of taxes on tobacco etc. which help to decrease
habit of smoking in people. There are various laws which prohibited smoking such as
Tobacco advertising and promotion act 2002, health act 2009, healthy lives healthy
people: A Tobacco control plan for England etc. are some of the restrictions which have
helped reduce the smoking habits. It is compulsory in UK health warning to be displayed on
cigarette packs (Scriven and Stiddard, 2003). Tones and Tilford model simply explains that
health promotion can be levied through making of policies for it and educating the needed.
Government is informing society about the significance of healthy diet. Tannahill model
emphasis on how government can change tyhe behaviour of people in order to promote
health, it supports in promoting health living.
Caplan and Holland, Beattie, Tones and et.al 1994, Becker 1974, Tannahill downie
1996 etc. are some models of health promotions. Caplan and Holland, 1990 explains the
holistic view of health and promote individuals in such manner so that they take cares their
own health. It aims to change the behaviour of persons so that they be aware about their
health and be healthy (Rod, 2015). Model of intervention, Beattie 1991 explains health
persuasion techniques which can encourage people to adopt healthier lifestyle. Government
makes such legislation which can support this model to great extent. Activities of government
include developing policies, lobbying for intervention through legislative measures.
Tannahill's model prevent people by educating them about the draw backs of smoking, it
provides them smoking cessation advice and information so that they leave this habit soon.
Government has supported this model and has banned advertisement of tobacco in the
country (Dixey and Woodall, 2011). Tannahill's model is linked with the government
strategies as these activities help in reducing the sales and consumption of tobacco.