This report examines the contemporary challenge of health inequalities within the UK's health and social care system. It highlights the disparities in health outcomes among different population groups, particularly those with low incomes and ethnic minorities. The report uses statistical data to illustrate the widening gap in life expectancy and healthy life expectancy between the most and least deprived areas. It explores the socioeconomic factors, such as income, gender, and ethnicity, that contribute to these inequalities. Furthermore, the report evaluates theories and solutions proposed by public health leaders and healthcare professionals, emphasizing the importance of addressing social determinants of health to promote health equity. The aim is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the issue and potential strategies for improvement within the UK healthcare landscape.