Research and Analysis of Health Information and Data

This assignment delves into the analysis of health information and data, examining various research articles and studies. The first part analyzes an article on the role of social support in breastfeeding for adolescent mothers, identifying key details such as the authors, publication year, journal, and research methods. It also explores the use of qualitative data analysis and the application of deductive and inductive approaches to research hypotheses and questions. The second part of the assignment focuses on finding and summarizing a peer-reviewed journal article related to breastfeeding behaviors among adolescents. The third part addresses different perceptions of problematic drinking, analyzing themes related to lifestyle and reactions to advice. The final section involves finding and summarizing primary and systematic review articles on fall prevention in the elderly, including recommendations for exercise programs to reduce falls and improve health outcomes. The assignment utilizes Google Scholar for research and provides abstracts and key findings from the selected articles.

Title: Health Information and Data
Question 1
i. The title of the article- Role of Social Support in Breastfeeding for Adolescent
Mothers
ii. The authors of the article- Restu A. Palupi and Shrimarti R. Devy
iii. The year of publication of the article-2018
iv. The title of the journal in which the article was published-KnE Life Sciences, The
Second International Meeting of Public Health 2016 (IMOPH)
v. The digital object identifier of the article- 10.18502/kls.v4i4.2281(Palupi and
Devy 2018)
Question 2
In the research article, a qualitative data analysis method has been used in order to verify the
main research question. The four reasons can be provided in support of the claim that it was a
qualitative research method. Seven women were selected by visiting the cadres in order to
complete the study. All the volunteers visited the residents door-to-door for collecting
information. Using an interview guide, the data was obtained after in-depth interviews among
the participants. Data from the observational sheets, field notes were also collected for the
further analysis. All the records from the interview were transcribed, analyzed and
categorized into social support as well as action situation. All these steps indicate that the
research method used by them was qualitative in nature (Palupi and Devy 2018).
Question 3
i. Research hypothesis- Adolescent mothers tend to breastfeed for shorter durations
than the older mothers.

ii. The research hypothesis would be considered as an appropriate step in
undertaking a deductive approach to the research because a deductive approach
always begins with a hypothesis and the emphasis for this kind of approaches is
generally on casualty. The purpose of the research is to gather information and
data in an existing practice or situation. This research hypothesis is aimed to test
an existing theory which states that adolescent mothers are less likely to
breastfeed their children than the older mothers and adolescent mothers tend to
breastfeed for shorter duration. The main and particular idea is being generalized
in the research hypothesis which is making it deductive (Bryman 2016).
iii. Qualitative research question- What is the breastfeeding behaviour among
adolescents?
iv. The research question would be considered as an appropriate step in undertaking
an inductive approach to the research. Inductive approach always focussed to
generate a new theory from the emerging data related to it. This approach is also
associated with qualitative research question. In this research question, data will
be collected with a qualitative research method and which will produce a new
theory after the analysis. In this inductive approach new phenomena will be
established and existing research phenomena will be looked from a new and
different perspective (Bryman 2016).
Question 4
Here I am using the qualitative research question to find a relevant peer reviewed journal
article.
i. I searched in Google Scholar in order to find the article.

ii. The used some specific search terms or keywords to find the article and the
keywords are: Adolescent mother, breastfeeding, behaviour, journal, qualitative
study.
iii. Reference : Kanhadilok, S. and McGrath, J.M., 2015. An integrative review of
factors influencing breastfeeding in adolescent mothers. The Journal of perinatal
education, 24(2), p.119.
iv. Appendix
Abstract- The purpose of this integrative review was to describe factors that
influence breastfeeding behaviors in adolescent mothers. Twenty-two articles met
inclusion criteria. Findings showed that most adolescent mothers intended to
breastfeed during pregnancy. Yet, breastfeeding initiation ranged from 39% to
69%. Almost half of adolescent mothers stopped within 1 month. Less than 25%
continued to breastfeeding behaviors to 6 months. Factors that influenced
breastfeeding decisions in adolescent mothers included social and cultural norms.
Personal beliefs about being a good mother were important to intention and
initiation of breastfeeding. Promoting maternal competence was found to be
essential to breastfeeding initiation and continuation for adolescent mothers.
Support from partners and professionals also led to positive attitudes toward
breastfeeding initiation and continuation (Kanhadilok and McGrath 2015).
Question 5
i. This is the perception for problematic drinking in which the drunk people lose
their functionality and it also indicates the loss of control. If a person loses his
control and cannot remember what happened when he was drunk then that can be
perceived as problematic drinking. So, the statement is associated with the
perception of problematic drinking (Khadjesari et al. 2018).

ii. According to the life stage the concern varies and younger adults think that
alcohol consumption of older adults is an issue of concern whereas, older adults
views the drinking of younger adults as problematic. The concept of younger
adults is to enjoy before getting old and beginning a family life. Older adults think
that, the irrelevance of the guidance was related to life stage and it happens due to
their heavy drinking at weekend. So, the theme life stage is associated with the
statement (Khadjesari et al. 2018).
iii. Reaction to screening and advice in drinking theme is related with this statement.
People get embarrassed in discussing their drinking with the doctors or G.P as
they do not want to get labelled as problematic drinker by the doctor. Even, some
younger participants get afraid of discussing their alcohol consumption with the
doctors because they do not want to get labelled as “alcoholic”. So, people
sometime do not disclose the exact amount of alcohol which they consume to their
doctors (Khadjesari et al. 2018).
iv. Sometimes, drinking is considered as one of the options of lifestyle among many
people. They consider that it is associated with socialising too. For some people it
is normal to go out for a drink and ordering drinks in the pubs while attending
meeting with clients. Many people think that with a healthy diet and healthy
lifestyle, alcohol cannot be harmful to the body and a right amount of alcohol
consumption is quite normal. Even, sometimes it becomes necessary also. So, this
statement is related to the theme of lifestyle which is discussed in the article “I am
not a boozer” (Khadjesari et al. 2018).
Question 6

i. I have found the primary study as well as the Systematic review article on the
scenario provided from Google Scholar. I used some specific key words and they
are, falls, preventions, elderly, systematic review, primary study.
ii. Appendices
Primary study article
Abstract
Lasting disability and further falls are common and costly problems in older
people following fall-related lower limb and pelvic fractures. Exercise
interventions can improve mobility after fracture and reduce falls in older people,
however the optimal approach to rehabilitation after fall-related lower limb and
pelvic fracture is unclear. This randomised controlled trial aims to evaluate the
effects of an exercise and fall prevention self-management intervention on
mobility-related disability and falls in older people following fall-related lower
limb or pelvic fracture. Cost-effectiveness of the intervention will also be
investigated (Sherrington et al. 2016).
Systematic review article
Abstract
Objective Previous meta-analyses have found that exercise prevents falls in older
people. This study aimed to test whether this effect is still present when new trials
are added, and it explores whether characteristics of the trial design, sample or
intervention are associated with greater fall prevention effects (Sherrington et al.
2017).
Design Update of a systematic review with random effects meta-analysis and
meta-regression.

Data sources Cochrane Library, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed,
PEDro and SafetyLit were searched from January 2010 to January 2016.
Study eligibility criteria We included randomised controlled trials that compared
fall rates in older people randomised to receive exercise as a single intervention
with fall rates in those randomised to a control group (Sherrington et al. 2017).
Results 99 comparisons from 88 trials with 19 478 participants were available for
meta-analysis. Overall, exercise reduced the rate of falls in community-dwelling
older people by 21% (pooled rate ratio 0.79, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.85, p<0.001,
I2 47%, 69 comparisons) with greater effects seen from exercise programmes that
challenged balance and involved more than 3 hours/week of exercise. These
variables explained 76% of the between-trial heterogeneity and in combination led
to a 39% reduction in falls (incident rate ratio 0.61, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.72,
p<0.001). Exercise also had a fall prevention effect in community-dwelling people
with Parkinson's disease (pooled rate ratio 0.47, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.73, p=0.001,
I2 65%, 6 comparisons) or cognitive impairment (pooled rate ratio 0.55, 95% CI
0.37 to 0.83, p=0.004, I2 21%, 3 comparisons). There was no evidence of a fall
prevention effect of exercise in residential care settings or among stroke survivors
or people recently discharged from hospital (Sherrington et al. 2017).
Summary/conclusions Exercise as a single intervention can prevent falls in
community-dwelling older people. Exercise programmes that challenge balance
and are of a higher dose have larger effects. The impact of exercise as a single
intervention in clinical groups and aged care facility residents requires further
investigation, but promising results are evident for people with Parkinson's disease
and cognitive impairment (Sherrington et al. 2017).
iii. Recommendations

Falling can be dangerous for the elderly people and almost all the elderly people
face problem regarding this. In order to prevent the falls, regular exercise can be
the best way out. Regular and weekly exercise program would be helpful in fall
prevention among elderly people (Sherrington et al. 2017). Exercise must be
chosen considering the safety of them such as reducing the base support by
standing with two legs close to each other, moving the centre of gravity by
transferring the body weight to other leg etc. can be done as exercise. Among the
elderly people, exercise will not only help in fall prevention but also will provide
many health benefits. Regular, at least three hours of exercise has the potential to
reduce many adverse health outcomes like hospitalization, disability etc. This will
help in reducing cost also. The improved body functioning of the elderly people
will provide a better quality life to them (Sherrington et al. 2016).

References
Bryman, A., 2016. Social research methods. Oxford university press.
Kanhadilok, S. and McGrath, J.M., 2015. An integrative review of factors influencing
breastfeeding in adolescent mothers. The Journal of perinatal education, 24(2), p.119.
Khadjesari, Z., Stevenson, F., Toner, P., Linke, S., Milward, J. and Murray, E., 2018. ‘I’m
not a real boozer’: a qualitative study of primary care patients’ views on drinking and its
consequences. Journal of Public Health.
Palupi, R.A. and Devy, S.R., 2018. Role of Social Support in Breastfeeding for Adolescent
Mothers. KnE Life Sciences, 4(4), pp.223-231.
Sherrington, C., Fairhall, N., Kirkham, C., Clemson, L., Howard, K., Vogler, C., Close, J.C.,
Moseley, A.M., Cameron, I.D., Mak, J. and Sonnabend, D., 2016. Exercise and fall
prevention self-management to reduce mobility-related disability and falls after fall-related
lower limb fracture in older people: protocol for the RESTORE (Recovery Exercises and
STepping On afteR fracturE) randomised controlled trial. BMC geriatrics, 16(1), p.34.
Sherrington, C., Michaleff, Z.A., Fairhall, N., Paul, S.S., Tiedemann, A., Whitney, J.,
Cumming, R.G., Herbert, R.D., Close, J.C. and Lord, S.R., 2017. Exercise to prevent falls in
older adults: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med, 51(24),
pp.1750-1758.