University Assignment: Health Promotion Intervention Literature Review

This literature review examines evidence-based health promotion interventions aimed at enhancing wellness outcomes across various age groups. It highlights the impact of lifestyle factors, such as diet, exercise, and smoking, on health and the need for preventive healthcare strategies. The review synthesizes research from 2010-2017, focusing on the effectiveness of health education, lifestyle modifications, and psychosocial interventions in preventing diseases like cancer, IBD, and cardiovascular issues. It emphasizes the importance of personalized approaches, addressing factors like diet, exercise, and stress management, and advocates for interventions that improve self-management skills and address ethnic and racial health disparities. The review concludes by emphasizing the efficacy of lifestyle improvement approaches in challenging disease progression and outlines objectives for future research, including identifying optimal interventions, evaluating their impact on hospital stays, and developing community-based approaches.

Literature Review – Health Promotion Intervention
Introduction
The health promotion intervention warranted to enhance the wellness outcomes of the
people of various age groups across the community environment attributes to the “lifestyle
enhancement” of the target population. Evidence-based research literature proves the
vulnerability of the individuals towards acquiring adverse health pattern under the influence
of unhealthy dietary and lifestyle approaches (Kumar & Preetha, 2012). The unhealthy
lifestyle strategies include the continued utilization of tobacco and reduction in physical
activities that substantially elevate the risk of population towards developing cardiovascular
diseases and associated adverse complications. The long-term implications of lifestyle on the
pattern of health and wellness of people remain evident and indicate the requirement of
developing preventive healthcare strategies for reducing the burden of diseases across the
community environment (Opie, 2014). The clinical findings in (Opie, 2014) substantiate the
protective effect of non-smoking on the arterial structure and functionality. Exercise
intervention results in reducing the heart rate and decreasing the systolic and diastolic blood
pressure levels. The dietary management approaches require the administration of green leafy
vegetables, fruits, red meat as well as unsaturated fatty acids for effectively managing the
weight of individuals (Opie, 2014). These facts evidently validate the requirement of
conducting prospective research interventions for identifying the extended health benefits of
lifestyle enhancement approaches for effectively reducing the progression and establishment
of various communicable and non-communicable diseases across the community
environment.

Search Methods
The following search methods employed for undertaking this literature review in the
context of acquiring the desirable evidence-based outcomes.
Keywords and Index
Terms
Search Strategy
Lifestyle
(“Lifestyle” [mh] OR “Lifestyle”[tiab] “Quality of
Life” [tiab] OR “Diet” [mh] OR “Diet” [tiab] OR
“Smoking’ [mh] OR “Smoking” [tiab] OR
“Alcohol” [mh] OR “Alcohol” [tiab] OR “Stress”
[mh] OR “Stress” [tiab] OR “Living Standard”
[mh:noexp] OR “Living Standard” [tiab]
Quality of Life
Diet
Smoking
Alcohol
Stress
Living Standard
[mh]: MeSH (Medical Subject headings); [tiab]: Title and Abstract
The complex Boolean search pattern was effectively utilized while performing the
literature review of the health promotion intervention (NCBI, 2007). The selected search
strategy assisted in exploring the search terms and keywords across PubMed indexes and the
titles/abstracts of the articles of interest extracted accordingly from the NCBI database
(NCBI, 2017a).

Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria
The articles between the years 2010 – 2017 included in the literature review.
Systematic studies and qualitative research interventions were taken into consideration while
undertaking the literature review on the selected healthcare intervention. The research articles
pertaining to the year 2009 and before were excluded from analysis because of the
questionable authenticity of their outdated findings. The articles that objectively described the
influence of pharmacotherapeutic interventions on the disease outcomes in the absence of
lifestyle modification strategies were also not considered in the literature review.
Research Evidence
Research analysis by (Ory, et al., 2014) reveals the positive influence of health
education intervention on the health related behavioural pattern of individuals in 45 years age
and older. The health education strategy assisted in elevating the lifestyle of the selected
individuals in promoting the pattern of their health and wellness across the community
environment (Ory, et al., 2014). The findings of the research intervention evidentially reveal
the influence of positive health behaviours attributing to regular water, vegetables and fruits
consumption as well as aerobic activity on the pattern of health improvement of the target
population (Ory, et al., 2014). The evidence-based evaluation by (Katzke, Kaaks, & Kühn,
2015) substantially reveals the considerable influence of lifestyle factors on the development
of several types of cancers across the societies. Therefore, the sustained modification of these
factors attributing to physical inactivity, dietary inadequacy, overweight, alcohol abuse and
smoking is necessarily required for reducing the prevalence of cancers and associated
mortalities (Katzke, Kaaks, & Kühn, 2015). Lifestyle enhancement approaches assist in
preventing the establishment of various psychopathological conditions across the community
environment (Walsh, 2011). These lifestyle approaches assist in improving the self-

management skills of individuals and facilitate the development of coping strategies
warranted for reducing the onset and establishment of their psychosocial complications and
associated health adversities. The lifestyle enhancement interventions include the enjoyable
and recreational activities that substantially foster the social development of disadvantaged
groups of the society (Walsh, 2011). Evidence-based analysis by (Niewiadomski, et al., 2016)
reveals the impact of dietary alterations and smoking pattern on the development of
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and associated gastrointestinal manifestations. This
indicates the requirement of administering lifestyle enhancement interventions focussing on
dietary modification and smoking cessation with the objective of decreasing the prevalence of
IBD among the predisposed individuals. The lifestyle variables that substantially influence
the pattern of health and wellness of individuals attribute to study, recreation, utilization of
modern technology, drugs abuse, substance abuse, sexual behaviour and orientation, sleep,
exercise, body mass index and diet (Farhud, 2015). The research findings by (Vazquez,
Conti, & Sears, 2010) evidentially indicate the effectiveness of psychosocial lifestyle
enhancement interventions in reducing the pattern of device resistance and anxiety
experienced by the female patients after undergoing ICD (implantable cardioverter
defibrillator) implantation. These interventions include the groups psychotherapy as well as
social support strategies and cognitive behavioural interventions by the medical practitioners.
Evidence-based analysis by (Trovato, 2012) emphasizes the significance of lifestyle
enhancement interventions in terms of improving the pattern of opinions, interests, attitudes,
income allocation and day-to-day activities of individuals. The systematic improvement in
these attributes assists in the enhancement of self-efficacy and self-esteem of people in the
context of improving their healthcare outcomes. healthcare professionals require configuring
preventive as well as personalized approaches in the context of improving the quality of life
of individuals and associated psycho-socio-somatic outcomes. The lifestyle enhancement

interventions assist in motivating the masses for practicing effective weight management
strategies and overcoming maladaptive cognition, mood fluctuation and eating inadequacies
that substantially influence their health outcomes across the community environment (Rieger,
Dean, Steinbeck , Caterson , & Manson , 2009). The lifestyle enhancement approaches also
assist in combating the hypertension risk factors that predispose individuals towards
acquiring the pattern of elevated blood pressure and associated cardiovascular outcomes
(Zoellner, et al., 2014). The lifestyle improvement approaches require unbiased and equitable
administration by the healthcare professionals for overcoming the ethnic and racial healthcare
disparities experienced by the impoverished and underprivileged sections of the society
(Zoellner, et al., 2014).
Conclusion from the Evidence
The research evidence affirms the efficacy of lifestyle improvement approaches in
terms of preventively challenging the onset and progression of various disease conditions and
associated health adversities. The analysis reveals the requirement of undertaking behavioural
strategies for improving the level of understanding of individuals in relation to the systematic
improvement of their quality of life. The lifestyle enhancement approaches advocate the
requirement of acquiring healthy dietary pattern for enhancing the level of immunity of
individuals against disease infestation. Lifestyle interventions also improve the coping skills
of people for overcoming the adverse manifestations of various communicable and non-
communicable chronic disease conditions. The lifestyle management approaches improve the
level of compliance of people to their health related behaviour. The improvement in the
pattern of confidence and self-dependence of people enhances the pattern of their physical
and mental health across the community environment. The lifestyle enhancement approaches
directly influence the level of independence and confidence of the masses that reciprocally

improve the pattern of their psychological, social, spiritual as well as cardiovascular health
status.
Evidence-Based Study Objectives
Research analysis regarding the health promotion activity leads to the establishment
of the following objectives requiring the administration of prospective study intervention for
the systematic improvement in health outcomes.
1. Identification of the best lifestyle improvement interventions for preventing the
development of various disease conditions across the community environment.
2. An evaluation of lifestyle enhancement strategies warranted for effectively decreasing
the length of patients’ stay in the hospital settings.
3. Development of person-centred and community based approaches warranted for the
systematic enhancement of the quality of life of the patients in various age groups and
geographical regions.
4. Categorization of various lifestyle modification interventions in the context of
identifying the significance of each modality for preventing the onset of various
disease outcomes.

Bibliography
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Class/MLACourse/Modules/Entrez/complex_boolean.h
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