This essay provides an analysis of major health issues in Australia, focusing on cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and mental disorders. It highlights the significance and impact of these issues, noting that cancer is the leading cause of health burden, followed by CVD and mental health. The essay identifies populations most affected, including indigenous communities and lower socioeconomic groups, and explores the influence of social and cultural factors on these vulnerable populations. It also discusses current interventions and action plans by the Australian government and associated organizations to address these health challenges, including funding for prevention, detection, and treatment programs. The essay concludes by emphasizing the need for increased awareness and continued efforts to reduce the prevalence and impact of these diseases across the Australian population.