Health Measurement Analysis: Individual Case Study and Recommendations

This report presents a comprehensive analysis of health measurement, specifically addressing the challenges of asthma and COPD in England. It begins with an introduction highlighting the significance of health measurement for assessing patient needs and improving healthcare delivery. The background section defines health, explores various measurement methods, and provides demographic and epidemiological statistics related to respiratory diseases. The main body of the report identifies and discusses relevant demographics, employs questionnaires to gather health data, and interprets the collected information to assess individual health risks. It examines the role of population health screening programs and suggests recommendations for improvement. The report focuses on an individual case study of a 50-year-old male with asthma and COPD, exploring his health risks and the impact of his lifestyle choices, such as smoking, on his condition. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of population health screening programs. The report concludes by summarizing the key findings and emphasizing the importance of proactive health management and screening for effective disease prevention and control.

Measuring Health

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
BACKGROUD................................................................................................................................3
Importance of health measuring .................................................................................................3
Definition of health by world health organization ...................................................................4
Demographics and Epidemiological statistics .........................................................................4
MAIN BODY ..................................................................................................................................5
Identification and discussion on demographics ........................................................................5
Questioners .................................................................................................................................5
Interpretation of data...................................................................................................................6
Current health Risk to individual..............................................................................................6
Role of Population Health Screening.........................................................................................7
Suggestion and recommendation of programs..........................................................................7
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Importance of measuring health
Measuring the all over the health population or the individual's health allows in assessing
the needs of patients and also providing them with high quality delivery of care. This will helps
to find what health related issues are faced by any individual population and what are cause of
the health issues so heath researchers can find solution for the issues and improve the health of
the community.
Identifying the individual who will be focused
This easy will focus on the individual person who have age 50-year-old and he is
suffering from the Asthma and live in England. Propel in the England are facing 2 main issues
which are Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease COPD. This is the country where
most of the people have Asthma and it reaches to highest in the world. Figures from the GP
Registers in 2008 suggest that about six percent of the population in England are facing this
problem, And more than 3 million people in this country are living with COPD which is lung
disease and it has kill above 23000 people a year in UK.
Outlining the issues in essay
Certain COPD medicines can increase the risk for other conditions such as bone loss, heart
conditions, diabetes, and high blood pressure. These issues and risk will be discussed in essay.
BACKGROUD
Meaning of measuring health and different ways health can be measured
Measuring health means that the trends which can capture physical, mental and emotional
state followed in human body. Health status can be measured using pathological and clinical
measures and is usually observed by clinicians or measured using instruments. This concludes all
kind of goods and services which are only designed to promote health of the community ,
including ' preventive , palliative and curative , whether directed top the individual or to the
population.
Measures of health status are - Signs which include X- ray, Blood pressure ,
Symptoms - disease specific checklist, Co-morbidity - Charlson Index, ICED- index of co-
existing disease (looks at both disease severity and functional severity), adverse events – pain,
bleeding, readmission, complications (e.g. using Clavien-Dindo Classification of Surgical
Complications).

Psychometric Criteria – Acceptability – there should be an proper range of the across a
measure with a no floor of ceiling ,Validity – sensitivity (identify those with disease correctly)
and specificity (identify those without the disease correctly)
.Practical Criteria - the measures shroud be appropriate and it should be relevant ,
Feasible for routine use.
Health status definition provided by WHO
According to the (Moon and et.al., 2018) Health can be defined as physical, mental, and
social wellbeing, and as a resource for living a full life. It refers not only to the absence of
disease, but the ability to recover and bounce back from illness and other problems. Factors for
good health include genetics, the environment, relationships, and education. As per the view of
the World health organization a health means the status of a complete Physical , social well-
being and mental and not merely the absence of any disease. Health of the person can be
defined as structure, body and the absent or present of any disease and sign of any disease
shows their health status and their signs and what they can or cannot do for example the
extend to which the condition affect the life of any individual persona or any population
which is known as quality of the life. Categories and health distentions are important in the
health because mental health and the physical health are interlinked with each other and if
person's physical health will show any improvement then it will also affect on their mental
health and that will also show improvement in their mental health as well so this is necessary
for the people to make their physical health proper, so they can fit from both mental and
physical health.
Demographics and Epidemiological statistics
As per the (Kandadai and et.al., 2016) Smoking is the biggest risk factor in UK and this
create problem such COPD who used to smoke are facing this problem. Smoking causes the
COPD because it contains Tabaco which is harmful for the human lungs. People who are age
group between the 25 to 50 are come under this category who used to smoke and they have the
highest chances of the COPD. Many people who are 50 plus also have this problem and they are
suffering from the lung cancer. There are around 47,800 new COPD cases in the UK every year,
that's around 130 every day (2015-2017). COPD is the 3rd most common COPD in the UK,
accounting for 13% of all new cancer cases (2017). In females in the UK, COPD the 2nd most
common cancer, with around 23,100 new cases in 2017.Lung cancer is often not detected until it

has spread. Life expectancy for cancers is typically expressed as a 5-year survival rate (the
percent of patients who will be alive 5 years after diagnosis). Overall, the 5-year survival rate for
lung cancer is lower than other cancers, at 18.6%.
in 2017, 20% of the population reported not drinking at all [2] and overall consumption
has fallen by around 16% since 2004 [3]. In the UK, in 2016 there were 9,214 alcohol-related
deaths (around 15 per 100,000 people). People who consume alcohol mostly are age between 55
to 69.
COPD makes it hard to breathe. There are two main forms of COPD: Chronic bronchitis,
which involves a long-term cough with mucus. Emphysema, which involves damage to the lungs
over time. This Disease mainly come with old age people who have age between 40 or more.
General health profile of an individual
Age: This is the study about one individual Person name with XYZ who lived in England and
his home is nearby have COPD and Asthma problem which is because of their bad habit of
smoking. We make the five questionnaires which help us to know the status of individual
health and well-being of that person. XYZ is 50 years old male who is currently doing Job in
a construction side.
Family background There are 5 people in his family 3 children and wife. He has problem of
asthma, but he used to drink cigarettes regularly which is creating problem for his health, and
he has to visit to doctor once in a weak for their check up. After the study we found that the
XYZ has very critical health condition, and he is not able to control his health problem and
the cost of is treatment is also high. He can be well if he improve his habit of smoking as per
the experts advice.
Educational status: He is high school graduate and works in bank for living.
Current health and well being status: Currently he is been suffering from COPD and also is
anxious
In term of the Disease COPD is the second most common problem among the Uk and people
in England are also suffering from this problem. After the asthma Disease. An estimated
more than 1.2 million people are living with this Diagnosed CIOPD – considerably more than
the 835000 estimated by the department of the health in 2011. people who have age between
40 – 89 are living with the Diagnosed COPD. The COPD mortality rate was higher in the North
East and North West of England, compared with the UK generally. In those regions, the relative

increase was greater among females than males. Death rates from COPD were notably lower in
the East of England and the South West than in other parts of the UK.
Health and wellbeing data
 Do you smoke or drink?
 What’s your physical health condition?
 What health related issues are you facing currently
 What is your regular dietary plan?
 Do you take any medication?
Weakness of the Questionnaires researcher can ask limited question because people do
not like to give answer to the so many question. Wrong information filled by the people can
also be problem for the Researcher and it is costly for the researchers because they have to
pay to the people for research and information.
Above data analysis related to health risks
People in England are facing problem which are related to the respiratory disease. Above
studies helps to collect data which shows that most of the people are not aware about their
health and they do pay attention towards their health which case problem and create disease in
their body. People who are having age between 25 or above like to drink or smoke which can
be the most common cause for the respiratory disease (Pinto-Prades, Attema and Sánchez).
Question have been asked to the individual personal whoa have age group above 50 year and
he is suffering from the Asthma and COPD both disease. First question was about his body wait
and he gives answer that yes weight has increased because of his disease. Which means other
problem can also take place because of increment in weight. Another question was about bad
habits of the patient and we have found that he used to smoke which are major case of the
breathing problems and Respiratory disease and this is the reason that person is suffering
from Asthma and COPD. Another question was about age group when he found about those
disease and he gives answer that when he was in age group of 25 to 40 and most of the
people in this age group usually started smoothing and other harmfully things which creates
problem for their health( Martínez., 2019). Another question was about his lifestyle and his
hobby and we have found that he used to spend his most of the time watching TV which can be
major reason for his increment in weight, and he is rarely involves with the exercise or any
physical activity.

Current health Risk to individual
According to the health measures patent is still have higher risk because of his habits
and he is still used to smoke and drink as well which is creating major problem for the
person. It is important for the that person to quit his habit and look for the healthy and feet life
which can help him to overcome from the disease, and he can also perform Physical activities
because personal can be stay healthy if their body is feet and perfect, so he should do exercise
on the regular basis (Schreyer and Mas., 2018).
Physical health and metal health of the individual both are associate with each other and
mental health can be improved by doing the exercise and doing yoga because if the person
will be fit mentally then it will also affect on their social life which means it is connecting
all the aspect Physical health, social health and social life.
Role of Population Health Screening with its advantages and disadvantages
“Screening is the process of identifying healthy people who may be at increased risk of
disease or condition. Screening refers to the use of simple tests across an apparently healthy
population in order to identify individuals who have risk factors or early stages of disease, but do
not yet have symptoms Heath screening programs in UK which can help Individual to
overcome from this problem, and he can live life in a better way. NHS is one of them who are
finding people who art the higher risk of a health problems , so that easily treatment can be
offered or information given to help them make informed decisions. One more screening
program which is available in UK is Wilson and Jungner Criteria For Screening which can help
Him to overcome from their disease, and they can live happy and well-being lifestyle (Tax and
et.al., 2017). Both the programs are specially made for the people who are suffering from major
disease.
Suggestion and recommendation of health screening
NHS Screening programs can be best for the that individual person people NHS is top
health care organization in whole UK which provide excellent treatment to their patents and
provide the best care to them, so they can overcome from their disease and live healthy life so I
would like to suggest The NHS Screening program which can help him to overcome from
the Asthma and COPD disease, and he can live healthy life with his family and his friends
(Wilks and Gildner., 2019).

CONCLUSION
As per the above report it has been found that questioners can be the best way to
measure health of an individual but it has some strength and weakness which can cause lack of
proper information. Strength - Researcher can collect the proper information about the
individual, it is fast way to collect information about the individual and this is most
effective way and generally used by many of the researchers to collect the primary information
about the people, and they can find the information through their question which are asked in
the questionnaires (Yang., 2017).

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