Health Promotion Strategies for Aboriginal Addiction and Health Issues

This report conducts a comprehensive review of health promotion programs aimed at addressing addiction and related health issues within Australian Aboriginal communities. The study analyzes data from electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and CINAHL, focusing on articles published within the last 5-10 years. The review examines the prevalence of smoking and alcohol consumption, their impact on cardiovascular health, and the social determinants contributing to these behaviors. It identifies the need for health promotion programs tailored to the cultural beliefs and specific health needs of Aboriginal people, emphasizing the importance of improving health literacy and providing effective education to reduce morbidity and mortality rates associated with addiction. The report highlights the significance of community-based interventions and the evaluation of program outcomes, ultimately aiming to inform the development of more effective and culturally sensitive health promotion strategies. The study also includes a PRISMA diagram that visually represents the study selection process. The conclusion emphasizes the need for health promotion programs to address the causes of addiction and reduce addiction rates to improve health outcomes. Further research is suggested to refine health promotion strategies and enhance the health literacy of Aboriginal communities.

Running head: HEALTH PROMOTION
HEALTH PROMOTION
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Table of Contents
Introduction....................................................................................................................................2
Method............................................................................................................................................3
Data sources..............................................................................................................................3
Search Keyword........................................................................................................................3
Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria.....................................................................................................3
Result..............................................................................................................................................6
Summary of the evidences......................................................................................................6
Conclusion......................................................................................................................................6
Study Objective from Evidence...................................................................................................7
Further Research..........................................................................................................................7
References.....................................................................................................................................8

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Introduction
Among Aboriginal people the smoking rate is very high as per the AIHW
statistical survey. According to the statistical data 50 percent of the Aboriginal people in
the remote area are daily smokers and the Aboriginal people in the non-remote area are
also showing the smoking rate up to 39 percent (Abs.gov.au, 2014). According to the
study of Gould et al. (2015), it has also been found that among people of 18 to 35 age
group of Aboriginal is tobacco smoking in a high rate almost 36 to 44 percent. Among
the Aboriginal females the rate of smoking found to be 40 percent which was reduced
with time from 47 percent (Abs.gov.au, 2014). On the other hand it can be seen that the
Aboriginal people also consume alcohol in a high rate that is almost 18.8 percent
Aboriginal consume alcohol of different standards and daily (Australian Institute of
Health and Welfare, 2019). On this context it can be seen that the people of the
Indigenous community affected with high rate of cardiovascular disease. Statistical data
show that almost 138.1 person among 100,000 people die from cardiovascular disease
(Abs.gov.au, 2019). On this context it can be stated that the awareness about this ill
conditions should be provided to the people of the Aboriginal community (Marsh et al.,
2015). Hence, the requirement of the empowerment or the health promotion program
regarding these issues should be provided to the people of Indigenous community.
Review on the topic of the health promotion for the addiction rate of the
Aboriginal people and the health issues regarding this condition is required for the idea
development of the condition. On the other hand the review will also help in the
development of the plan of the proper health promotion program that will help in the
reduction of the ill situation as well.

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Method
Data sources
In order to do the review process the requirement for the articles or the literature
would be collected from the electronic databases. The databases should be considered
for the process would be PubMed, Google Scholar and CINAHL. The search would be
focused on the Australian papers on the health conditions of the Aboriginal people and
also the health promotions regarding the ill habits of the Indigenous community (Gorst
et al., 2016).
Search Keyword
The search strategy would be dependent on the keywords used in searching the
literatures. The most important keyword would be the “Smoking among Australian
Aboriginal people”, “Alcohol consumption of Australia”, “Australia” and also the “Health
issues of Australian Aboriginals” and “Health promotion programs for Australian
Aboriginals”. Based on these keywords the articles would be collected and the articles
should not be older than 5 to 10 years for the recent knowledge about the condition
properly (Fu et al., 2016).
Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria
The inclusion criteria for the articles to be used in this review process are
dependent on the focus of those articles. This factor includes the concept of the
smoking and drinking rate of the Australian Aboriginal people. The health condition
regarding these addictive natures of the people of the community should also be
discussed in the articles for the inclusion in this review project. On the other hand the
full article availability and also the English language use in the article would be the

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primary factor for the articles to be used for the process of the review (Demaerschalk et
al., 2016). On the other hand the specific standards of the WHO or UNICEF should be
described in the articles for the development of the health promotion programs for this
concept. Other than this the statistical data on the addiction rate of the Aboriginal
people should be provided with the consideration of the Australian Bureau of Statistics.
The safe amount of smoking and alcohol consumption should also be focused in these
articles. Other than all these the factor of the properly structured articles should be
considered with more priority as well.

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Records identified through
database searching for
“Smoking among Australian
Aboriginal people”, “Alcohol
consumption of Australia” (n =
1167+)
Records screened for inclusion (n = 235) and (n = 85)
Records after duplicates
removed
(n = 97) and (n = 23)
Full text articles
excluded, with reasons
(n = 39) and (n = 10)
Full-text articles excluded,
with reasons
(n = 6)
Included studies in this investigation for
systematic review including 20 randomised
trail control, 7 mixed method and 5 cohort
studies
(n = 32)
Included
Screening
Identification Other Statistical records and
supporting articles from
Google and Google Scholar (n
= 257) and (n = 559)
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Figure 1: PRISMA Diagram

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Result
Summary of the evidences
Based on the evidences the factors have been identified regarding the topic of
the health promotion requirement for the addiction reduction among the Australian
Aboriginals. The findings highlighted the following aspects:
 The social determinants causing this mal practice of addiction among the
Aboriginal people of the Australians. Other than this the actual causes and the
addiction and also the cardiovascular disease prevalence would also be
identified.
 On the other hand the cultural beliefs regarding addiction of these people would
also be identified.
 Community and individual based health promotion actions taken in the country
and the success rate of the health promotion programs along with the changes of
the community would also be identified.
 The accountability of the health promotion programs for the Aboriginal people
and the factor of the equity in health and prioritizing aspects of the people of the
Aboriginal groups along with the statistical data found for this concept as well.
 Other than this it can also be seen that the morbidity and mortality rate regarding
the cardiovascular diseases and other diseases which developed from the mal
habits of addiction.
Conclusion
Based on the above discussion it can be concluded that the process of the health
promotion program for the Australian Aboriginal people should be focused on the

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causes of the addiction and also the process of the reduction of the addiction among the
people as well for the better health outcome. The morbidity and mortality level of the
people relating to the addiction of these people reduced over time as the health
promotion programs impacted over the belief of the people. On the other hand the
impact of the health promotion and changes in the health outcome of the people also
found significant. However, the health promotion should focus on the people and also
the health literacy development of the people of the Aboriginal people.
Study Objective from Evidence
Based on the study it can be stated that the following objectives would be
identified:
 The improvement of the health literacy rate of the people of the Aboriginal
group.
 The enhanced health promotion program for lowering the addiction rate of
the people of the Aboriginal group of people.
 Better health education providence for lowering the morbidity and mortality
level of the Aboriginal people of the country.
Further Research
Better health promotion ideas for the elevation of the health literacy and also the
education of the people of the Aboriginal people along with the lessening of the
addiction of the people of the Aboriginal group of people of Australia. The attractive and
ideal plan for the health promotion would also be derived by further research in order to
motivation development among the people of the Indigenous group as well.

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References
Abs.gov.au. (2014). 4727.0.55.006 - Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Health Survey: Updated Results, 2012–13. Retrieved 2 September 2019, from
https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/4727.0.55.006
~2012%E2%80%9313~Main%20Features~Tobacco%20smoking~13
Abs.gov.au. (2019). 3303.0 - Causes of Death, Australia, 2015. Retrieved 2 September
2019, from
https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/3303.0~2015~
Main%20Features~Ischaemic%20Heart%20Disease~10001
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2019). Alcohol, tobacco & other drugs in
Australia, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people - Australian Institute of
Health and Welfare. Retrieved 2 September 2019, from
https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/alcohol/alcohol-tobacco-other-drugs-australia/
contents/priority-populations/aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-people
Demaerschalk, B. M., Kleindorfer, D. O., Adeoye, O. M., Demchuk, A. M., Fugate, J. E.,
Grotta, J. C., ... & Saposnik, G. (2016). Scientific rationale for the inclusion and
exclusion criteria for intravenous alteplase in acute ischemic stroke: a statement
for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American
Stroke Association. Stroke, 47(2), 581-641.
Fu, Z., Wu, X., Guan, C., Sun, X., & Ren, K. (2016). Toward efficient multi-keyword
fuzzy search over encrypted outsourced data with accuracy improvement. IEEE
Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 11(12), 2706-2716.

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Gorst, S. L., Gargon, E., Clarke, M., Blazeby, J. M., Altman, D. G., & Williamson, P. R.
(2016). Choosing important health outcomes for comparative effectiveness
research: an updated review and user survey. PloS one, 11(1), e0146444.
Gould, G. S., Watt, K., Cadet-James, Y., & Clough, A. R. (2015). Using the risk
behaviour diagnosis scale to understand Australian Aboriginal smoking — A
cross-sectional validation survey in regional New South Wales. Preventive
Medicine Reports, 2, 4–9
Marsh, T. N., Coholic, D., Cote-Meek, S., & Najavits, L. M. (2015). Blending Aboriginal
and Western healing methods to treat intergenerational trauma with substance
use disorder in Aboriginal peoples who live in Northeastern Ontario, Canada.
Harm Reduction Journal, 12(1), 14.