Health Promotion in Health and Social Care - Assessment 1

This report, submitted by a student at St. Patrick's College, London, as part of their HND in Health and Social Care Management, analyzes health promotion within the context of health and social care. The report explores the effects of socioeconomic factors on health, referencing government sources and reports such as the Acheson Report, The Black Report, and the Marmot Report to highlight health inequalities and the impact of poverty, employment, and housing on health outcomes. It discusses barriers to accessing healthcare, including financial and physical limitations. The report further examines the links between government strategies and health promotion models, such as those by Tanner Hill and Downie, Beattie, Tones, Tones and Tilford, and Becker, particularly in relation to smoking cessation. It also addresses the role of healthcare professionals in meeting government health promotion targets, the impact of routines on a healthy lifestyle, and the importance of providing relevant health-related information. The report concludes with the planning of a health promotion campaign, explaining how it supports health promotion strategies.

Assessment 1
St. Patrick’s College London
HND Health and Social Care Management
Health Promotion in Health and Social Care
Group: 93B
Student Name: Cecile Ntumba
Student ID: P101570
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Assessment 1
+
Qualification
Unit number and title
HND Health and Social Care
Management
Unit 29: Health Health and Social Care
Student name and group number Assessor name
IB 26A IZ
Date Issued Completion date Submitted on
Assignment title Health promotion in Health and Social Care
Learning
Outcome
Assessmen
t Criteria
In this assessment you will have the
chance to present evidence that
shows you can:
Task
no.
Evidence
(Page
no)
LO1: 1.1 Explain the effects of socioeconomic
influences on health. 1 1
1.2 Assess the relevance of government
sources in reporting on inequalities in
health.
1
1-4
1.3 Discuss reasons for barriers to
accessing Healthcare 1 4-5
LO2: 2.1 Analyse the links between government
strategies and models of health
promotion
2
5-6
2.2 Explain the duty of professionals in
meeting government targets for health
promotion
2
6-7
2.3 Discuss the role of routines in
promoting a healthy lifestyle 2 7-8
LO3: 3.1 Explain how health beliefs relate to
theories of health behavior. 3 8-9
3.2 Discuss the possible effects of potential
conflicts with local industry on health
3 9-10
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promotion
3.3 Explain the importance of providing
relevant health-related information to
the public
3
10-11
LO4 4.1 Plan a health promotion campaign to
meet detailed purposes 4 11-13
4.2 Explain how the health promotion
campaign supports health promotion
strategies
4
13-14
Learner declaration
I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are
fully acknowledged.
Student signature: Cecile ntumba
1.1 Social, economic influences on health
The idea of disease prevention is necessarily included in health promotion, whereby it
helps to enhance a healthy lifestyle of a person, family, communities and all nations in the
world as suggested by Fertman (2015). It seeks to encourage a healthy lifestyle of an
individual by getting the education about the determinants of health.
A major element in cultural and socioeconomic influence success on health behaviour
is through development of health programs in partnership with the target population. Be it
employees working in partnership with the employers or the providers of the local health
service inside their communities. Thus the status of socioeconomic may be defined as an
individual class or group, of social standing which is measured often by education, living
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Assessment 1
accommodation, and employment. In addition belief and living standards, health services and
surrounding access.
Local areas such as the London Borough of Newham has shown the impact of
socioeconomic influences has on health. Founded on Multiple Deprivations (MD) index in
London, the 3rd most local authority deprived is Newham. The unemployment rate in
Newham is 14% which is considered as the highest in London and also the presence of non-
decent housing which can easily cause infectious ailments like tuberculosis as shown by
Public Health England (2014) because of overcrowding. Consequently, deprivation can be
caused by unemployment which might cause health effects that are negative. This is because
occupants may not be able to afford good healthy and quality food hence making an
individual rely on food that is ready made which causes health issues such as cancer. Poverty
can also influence health because children who belong to the wealthy families can acquire
money to go to the gym to exercise or buy sports equipment while the sick children have
nothing. People living in poverty always have easy access to unhealthy meals prompting
them to suffer from many ailments such as obesity and diabetes. Employment promotes better
life quality due to high income and wellbeing that is generally good.
Poor housing in Newham has caused spread of infectious diseases such as
tuberculosis and breathing issues which is critical to vulnerable individuals. Individuals living
in clean environment and good housing environment are more likely to have mental health
that is better.
Health of an individual might be affected depending on the level of education since
uneducated person may lack sufficient knowledge concerning certain health lifestyle choices
for example high blood pressure and smoking. Nonetheless, educated individuals are
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probable to have a health education that is good, thus minimising the risk of developing
certain diseases (having a positive health impact).
Socioeconomic factors have both positive and negative influence on health however it
is necessary to consider the complex influences which involves more than one factor.
1.2 Relevance of government sources
Poverty and poor health go hand in hand, research (epidemiological) suggests that
extreme levels of inequality has negative health influence since inequality decreases social
cohesion. Various government sources have found the inequalities in health they are cited as
Acheson Report, (DOH, 1998) The Black Report (DOH, 1980) and Marmot Report (1998).
The Black Report explained the reason why National Services has not closed the hole
of social inequalities found in health there has been a progression in health generally. Equally
there is relationship still, between inequality and social class.
There is a need for the government to appraise the impact of inequalities present in
health systems and Acheson Report (1998) suggests the formulation of such policies to favor
the less. The labour government in life expectancy relation acknowledged the areas fifth local
authority with the deprived health indicators and classified this as the’ spearhead group’.
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Figure 1 shows the widening mortality gap between social classes
(Office for National Statistics, 2000)
The report indicates that individuals from low socioeconomic status are more likely to
smoke than those from a high socioeconomic state who had a high likelihood of giving up to
smoking. This is the reason why the mortality for the low grade is more eminent than that of
the other divisions.
The report also indicated that low-income earners are likely to smoke than the rich
people who are included as one of the causes why the mortality rate for the lowest grade is
more prominent than that of other divisions. This is also indicated in figure 1.2.
Figure 1.2 Levels of smoking have reduced immensely in the professional categories.
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Fertman (2015) demonstrated that focus on the top end and the bottom of the social
hierarchy does not deal with the need of minimizing inequality in Marmot’s Review.
There is a high mortality rate of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Newham. The ratio
of the coronary heart prevalence in 2011 in England is much higher than in Newham. The
ratio of the discovered to the appraisal of hypertension in 2011 is also higher in England. The
rate is 0.44 compared with 0.38 in Newham. This implies that in Newham population, a great
percentage of individual with hypertension and coronary heart disease are not getting suitable
management in primary care. CHD and stroke admission in Newham is high compared to
national rate23.
Illustration 3 down below shows that cardiovascular ailments in both men and women
are high compared to others places in England. The diagram shows the percentage of others
causes of death in Newham like circulatory disease 31% in women and 34%Circulatory
(cardiovascular) disease, Respiratory sickness 13% in females and 12% in males, Cancers
26% in women and 25% in men others causes 30% in women and 29% in men.
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(Office for National Statistics, 2009)
1.3 Barriers
This indicates that discoverable effect on health inequalities in Newham is caused by
losses crowded housing, drug abuse, crime, lack of employment and low income.
Table 4
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Table 4 indicates the exigency acknowledgment rates of Cardiovascular Disease in
Borough are 160.2 per 100,000 that is realized as more desolated than Newham which is
213.1 less.
Estimation of adults’ Lifestyle in Newham
Life expectancy in England has been increasing, both in London and Newham. The
gap in life expectancy amid London and Newham in women has narrowed, conversely, it has
amplified for men.
England’s’ female life expectancy is one and a half years higher than Newham at an
average of 82.6 while Newham is 81.1 years. Life expectancy in male in England at an
average of 78.6 years (2008-10) is two and a half years than in Newham where it is 76.2
years.
To increase life expectancy in Newham Clinical Commissioning Group recommends
healthy lifestyle such as avoiding drug use and being active and healthy diet. Newham is
facing momentous health challenges and has high mortality rate in London for cancer, heart
disease and respiratory problems
Estimation of adults Lifestyle in Westminster
Westminster’s life expectancy for the men is 1.5 years higher than London and two
years higher than England. Advancement has been clear locally juxtaposed to England and
London excluding the life expectancy difference between wealthy and poor places in borough
16.8 years is ranked higher publicly. Lifestyle actions also have a noticeable effect on
individuals suffering from cardiovascular disease. 25% residence of Newham are obese, in
contrast to 15% in Westminster city. Accordingly, 20.9% residence of Newham smoke
compared to 17.5% in Westminster city (psnc.org.uk). High level of unhealthy lifestyle
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Assessment 1
combined with deprived socioeconomic are expected to devise negative health effects on the
outcome of local health.
Interpretation of the duty of healthcare practitioners, communication and illness
discernment by the patient is influenced by the effects of cultural and religious barriers to
health as suggested by Fertman (2015)
Physical walls can also be a mobility predicament, for example, individuals may not
be able to approach some structures. For example, those individuals who use wheelchairs
may not be able to find a building that he or she can use comfortably like buildings that do
not have lifts. Physical inactivity can also cause a health hazard like obesity. Therefore
people must indulge themselves in outdoor activities to maintain their health.
Newham residence are likely to experience financial barriers due to poverty and migration
since may not be able to give to stake up for treatments on their low income whereby denying
them of access to improved healthcare services.
2.1 Analysis of the links
Over 100.000 premature deaths in the UK are related to smoking tobacco as it
continues to be a significant challenge in health. Over half a million confirmations are owed
to smoking in England and Wales categorically (Fertman 2015).
The government has declared a span of bill and FISCAL causes and associated with
consummation and purchase of tobacco and these relationships to promotion of health models
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Assessment 1
like Tanner Hill and Downie(1996),Beattie (1991) and Tones, Tones and Tilford(1994) and
Becker (1974) since those who do not smoke are profoundly affected by those who smoke.
Becker (1974)'s model’s interest is motivating people to call for positive, healthy
activities to avoid adverse health effects as suggested by Fertman (2015). This model can be
connected to government programs to boost people to stop smoking. Its objective is to
educate the community about the dangers and effects of smoking tobacco, in parliamentary
process to produce adjustments and modify their healthy lifestyle in adding the tax to
minimize the usage of tobacco commented in Beattie model (1991). The government has also
implemented smoke free legislation which protects individuals from the impacts of smoking
and public and workplaces passive smoking. The Health Act (2006). This encourages
individuals to upgrade their behaviours and purposes embolden smokers to lay by the
wayside and to stop smoking in their homes and family cars (Orenstein, 2004).
Health education is a tactic that is active in handling with smoking not necessarily
because it educates on risk of health but people but because representatives believe it is the
best method to attack.
2.2 Duty of professionals
Smoking of tobacco still maintains the top spot of causes of premature deaths that are
avoidable in the United Kingdom and the estimation is more than 82000 deaths among adults
who are 35 years of age and above in 2010. Smoking has caused a broad dimension of critical
ailments like heart disease, cancer, and other related illness. (Fertman 2015). Smoking
increase cost on people by causing harm to non-smokers and polluting the air, thus causing
health problems such as cancer through passive smoking and producing litter. Most countries
have banned smoking in public areas to protect non-smokers health and discourage smoking.
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Assessment 1
Other methods used by the government to reduce smoking include warnings, and health
campaigns (Grant, 2014).
Therefore, my objective is as a cessation officer is to evaluate the smoker’s
surroundings and execute systems in regards to their fall preparation to the process of the
parliament to fill the aims of the government. My duty as a cessation officer is to embrace
Beattie’s model that is significant in assisting individuals to promote a healthy life as
commented by Fertman (2015).
A substantial portion will be occupied by a local community and make sure that there
is necessary support where all people can access it quickly and therefore considering the
Caplan and Holland's model(1990) of health that enhances academic health and
acknowledgment will be an elemental technique will be applied.
2.3 Roles of routines
The study has shown that many people have been lost to smoking remission or its
prevalence because the safe methods to use tobacco are readily available. Preference should
be given investigation empirically that would measure the problem’s size and the involved
risks. (Fertman 2015)
Thus, as a smoking cessation officer, it is my purpose to advocate routine health such
as rest, personal hygiene, diet, and exercise. Individuals who smoke have a high risk of
suffering from a gum illness, and they will stain their teeth because of prolonged usage of tar
in tobacco.
Support will be required for people to practice strategies of relaxation like deep
breathing, yoga and meditation and the number of cigarettes they always smoke as an officer
of the cessation. This will assist in creating positivity and deal with withdrawal symptoms of
nicotine appropriately. Furthermore, I will indulge them in healthy activities such as going
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Assessment 1
for a walk and also encouraging them to eat healthy meals and helping them drink a lot of
water.
3.1 How health beliefs relate to theories of health behavior.
Preventive activity was constrained by anticipated barriers.T he suggestion by the
health belief models of taking an intervened health activity is also vital. Recognized
susceptibility and recognition of critical condition affected the anticipated threat. The noticed
risk of the ailment was transformed by developmental elements such as cues, personality,
age, and sex. (Fertman, 2015).
The creation of Health Belief Model was in the early 1950s and was supposed to
assist in providing information about the reason why people are unable to engage in free X-
ray processes that are being offered by the public health service. (Fertman 2015).
The study has realized that a person’s perspective, social criterion and anticipated
control over the conduct. A person’s belief about smoking might be based on their evaluation
of the quitting choice and also the societal thinking about behavior.
3.2 Effects of potential conflicts with local industry on health promotion
Possible health issues are still in the debate because of the difference in suggestions
between the government, food industries and health promoters who advocate the use of
tobacco which leads to a misunderstanding of issues. Therefore it is difficult to deal with
obesity because of the underlying problems. They work together efficiently to inform the
consumer about nutrition and food labels. The government and the industries also promote
healthy living and good eating habits to prevent and manage obesity.
3.3 Relevance of giving
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Assessment 1
Providing health information is essential to the public because it gives them the
courage to live a healthy lifestyle in regards to their health. This technique has been used to
work on the span of inequalities that lead to suffering from obesity. (Fertman, 2015).
People must be given significant information about the food they eat and their dietary
habits which provides them with an opportunity to suffer from obesity. Therefore, they have
to inform the public about the information on food labels and how to live a healthy life.
4.1 Planning of a health promotion campaign
Advancing health is a critical issue that needs to be addressed. Therefore, the
benefactions of individuals responsible for promoting health is essential for the population’s
health progression. Furthermore, in regards to executing this efficaciously, the health
promoter should also collect data and conduct a study from local places and create objectives
from this as suggested by Anon.
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Assessment 1
The following illustration demonstrates the health profile of a population of Newham
in children.
My campaign’s objective is to create awareness of the risks related to obesity in the
population such as children and also offer knowledge to the children in Newham (Anon). My
goals will strictly follow SMART, and therefore it will be specific, measurable, achievable,
realistic and time-bound to get good results.
The technique chosen in my campaign is working with education centers in Newham
to provide knowledge to the learners about physical activities, eating habits and healthy
living. I will also create posters and advertisements to educate the children.
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Assessment 1
The illustration below shows the cost estimate of my campaign
Resource Amount Cost
Stickers 50000 £2.000
Posters (A3) 1000 £ 250
Staffing 13 campaigners £9.000
Training Staff Four days £ 750
Total: £12.000
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The usefulness of and the advantages of my campaign will be determined by people
who have skills in these issues and also an agreement about whether the information is valid
to the children.
4.2 Support of health promotion techniques.
The campaign uses a span of wellness advancement approaches as objects for adding
issues associated with health for the groups targeted in the population. Furthermore, my study
encourages some national strategies that involve wellbeing and elimination caused by heart
diseases. My campaign will target children and explain to them about the risks involved in
obesity and focus on rebuilding a healthy lifestyle both in school and at home. Therefore the
rationale for this campaign is to alert the children and the youth regarding the risks involved
in obesity as it will help in reducing the number of children suffering from obesity in
particularly in Newham.
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References
Anon, (n.d.). Child Obesity problem in Bexley - Kinetic Kids Academy.
Fertman, C. (2015). Workplace Health Promotion Programs: Planning, Implementation, and
Evaluation. 1st ed. San Francisco: Jossey -Bass A Willey Brand.
Grant, S. (2014). Cambridge IGCSE Economics. 4th ed. Cambridge: CAMBRIDGE
UNIVERSITY PRESS
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