Health Promotion 2 - Assessment Task 1: Determinants and Models

This report analyzes modifiable and non-modifiable determinants of health, focusing on smoking as a modifiable factor and family history of heart disease as a non-modifiable factor. It also examines the Health Belief Model as a framework for health promotion, detailing its key components and application in designing interventions. The report further explores the influence of diverse demographic groups, including an aging population and racial diversity, on healthcare needs and delivery. It highlights the importance of adapting healthcare practices to meet the evolving demands of a varied population and address cultural and religious differences in patient care. The report concludes with a comprehensive list of relevant references.

Assessment task 1
Student name:
Id:

Health promotion 1
Contents
One modifiable and non-modifiable determinant of health............................................................2
One model of health/behavior change theory/framework of health.............................................2
Influence of different demographic groups or environments.........................................................3
References..........................................................................................................................................5

Health promotion 2
One modifiable and non-modifiable determinant of health
The modifiable and non-modifiable health determinants assist in comprehending the
amount of control required to a person in order to have their own health. Modifiable
health determinants have more chances of being used to a habit. The modifiable
determinant of health identified in this report is Smoking. There are chances of being
habitual to smoking by the upcoming generation. The habit of smoking can even lead
to lung cancer which is the most malicious disease globally. The smokers have less
probability of pursuing medical sessions and physical remedy. Add on, former
smokers have a higher prospect of conducts and hospitalization, recuperation and
the habit of the medications (Aaby, et al. 2017).
On the other side, non-modifiable health determinant recognized in this report is the
family antiquity of heart ailment. A person having an antiquity of heart disease, have
augmented risk of evolving heart diseases like coronary heart ailment, heart attack,
angina, heart failure, and stroke. The family history of heart disease can be
considered if a person’s father or brother is under the age of 55 are detected with the
heart disease or a person’s mother or sister under the age of 65 are detected with
the heart disease (Chastin, et al. 2015). A person having antiquity of heart ailment is
required to visit the doctor on a regular basis. Heart health can be checked to find
out the risk of attainment heart disease.
One model of health/behavior change theory/framework of health
The health models have a protagonist in assisting the practice of health elevation
along with the disease inhibition. The health models are used to understand and
define health behavior along with guiding the development, identification, and
execution of the intercessions. The health belief model is one of the health models
used to direct health promotion and disease deterrence programs (Noble, Paul,
Turon & Oldmeadow, 2015). This model is utilized to define and forecast discrete
changes in health behaviors. The health belief model is one of the most extensively
used models in order to comprehend health behaviors (Adler & Stead, 2015).

Health promotion 3
The key fundamentals of this model concentrate on discrete beliefs concerning
health conditions. It predicts discrete health-related behaviors. The key factors
influencing health behavior are described by the model such as trust of significance,
a person’s professed peril to sickness, probable positive benefits of action, professed
barricades to action, exposure to the factors which prompt action and confidence in
the capability to prosper (Kiesswetter, et al. 2019).
The heart belief model is utilized to design short term and long term interferences.
The considerations for the execution of this model are:
 Collecting information by accompanying health requirements valuations and
other efforts to conclude who is at risk.
 The model conveys the consequences of the health issues linked with risk
behaviors in a transparent and decided way to comprehend perceived
brutality (Presseau, et al. 2017).
 The model offers assistance in recognizing and dropping obstacles to action.
 This model determines actions by which skill development activities and
offered support improves the self-efficacy and the possibility of successful
behavior changes (Eldredge, et al. 2016).
It is required to identify “signals to action” which are evocative and appropriate for
the target population in order to ensure the success of heart belief model.
Influence of different demographic groups or environments
As the nation is becoming varied, the alignment of the population will have reflective
effects on health care. The changes taking place in the population size, race, age,
and originally will affect the health care possessions required along with the
conditions linked with the patient’s varying needs. The health care practitioners are
required to transform rapidly in order to encounter the varying needs of the patients
along with addressing health-reform necessities (Salazar, Crosby, & DiClemente,
2015). The different demographic groups are made up of
An aging population: The people aged 65 and more signify 8% of the total population
of the nation. This percentage is expected to increase in the coming years. Such a

Health promotion 4
shift is going to place countless demands on the health care system. The hospitals
and health care systems are needed to reform more associations with other health
service providers to offer patient care (Sharma, 2016). The hospitals will assist more
experts in the diseases and condition of aging comprising long term ailment and
palliative care.
Racial diversity: The population diversity has become more intricate. The hospitals
and health systems should recurrently evaluate the community in order to
accommodate the explicit health requirements and socio-economic situations (Hood,
Gennuso, Swain & Catlin, 2016).
Cultural and religious variances: Cultural and religious range has caused
communication obstructions. For instance, a male physician does not prefer to see
female patients. There can also be other cultures where complementary and
substitute remedies are combined with outmoded medicine. It can have detrimental
significances.

Health promotion 5
References
Aaby, A., Friis, K., Christensen, B., Rowlands, G., & Maindal, H. T. (2017). Health
literacy is associated with health behaviour and self-reported health: A large
population-based study in individuals with cardiovascular disease. European
journal of preventive cardiology, 24(17), 1880-1888.
Adler, N. E., & Stead, W. W. (2015). Patients in context—EHR capture of social and
behavioral determinants of health. New England Journal of Medicine, 372(8),
698-701.
Chastin, S. F., Buck, C., Freiberger, E., Murphy, M., Brug, J., Cardon, G., ... &
Oppert, J. M. (2015). Systematic literature review of determinants of
sedentary behaviour in older adults: a DEDIPAC study. International Journal
of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 12(1), 127.
Eldredge, L. K. B., Markham, C. M., Ruiter, R. A., Fernández, M. E., Kok, G., &
Parcel, G. S. (2016). Planning health promotion programs: an intervention
mapping approach. John Wiley & Sons.
Hood, C. M., Gennuso, K. P., Swain, G. R., & Catlin, B. B. (2016). County health
rankings: relationships between determinant factors and health
outcomes. American journal of preventive medicine, 50(2), 129-135.
Kiesswetter, E., Hengeveld, L. M., Keijser, B. J., Volkert, D., & Visser, M. (2019).
Oral health determinants of incident malnutrition in community-dwelling older
adults. Journal of dentistry, 85, 73-80.
Noble, N., Paul, C., Turon, H., & Oldmeadow, C. (2015). Which modifiable health risk
behaviours are related? A systematic review of the clustering of Smoking,
Nutrition, Alcohol and Physical activity (‘SNAP’) health risk factors. Preventive
medicine, 81, 16-41.
Presseau, J., Schwalm, J. D., Grimshaw, J. M., Witteman, H. O., Natarajan, M. K.,
Linklater, S., ... & Ivers, N. M. (2017). Identifying determinants of medication
adherence following myocardial infarction using the Theoretical Domains

Health promotion 6
Framework and the Health Action Process Approach. Psychology &
health, 32(10), 1176-1194.
Salazar, L. F., Crosby, R. A., & DiClemente, R. J. (Eds.). (2015). Research methods
in health promotion. John Wiley & Sons.
Sharma, M. (2016). Theoretical foundations of health education and health
promotion. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.