Analyzing Health Promotion, Public Policy, and Obesity Intervention

This report critically evaluates health promotion theories and public policy in the context of obesity interventions for the health and well-being of people in the UK. It highlights the significant issue of obesity, with 64% of the population estimated to be overweight or obese, and discusses the need for effective health promotion strategies. The report analyzes the behavior change model and collective action model as key approaches for health promotion, focusing on preventive measures and lifestyle adjustments. It also examines various public policies implemented by the UK government, such as tax policies, food labeling regulations, and restrictions on advertising and sales of unhealthy foods, to reduce obesity rates and promote healthier lifestyles. The report concludes that a combination of health promotion interventions and public policy measures is essential for addressing the complex issue of obesity and improving the overall health and well-being of the population.

HEALTH PROMOTION CHALLENGES AND
OPPORTUNITIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
Health promotion is a process that enables people to effective control or improve their
health through improving their existing lifestyles, more nutritional food and better sleep.
Different strategies are being used for health promotion such as diseases prevention and wellness
program in order to generate awareness among people about the diseases, its impact and the way
they can be effectively overcome. Health and social care settings are place or organisation in
which proper care and concerned being provided to the patient so that it can easily enhance its
health and well being. Obesity is one of the major key issue in United Kingdom and across
worldwide, as there are 64% of people that are estimated to be overweight or obese. So necessary
steps needs to be undertaken by health organisation to reduce the obesity health issue. This
paper will critically evaluate about the “Health promotion theory and public policy in context of
intervention related to obesity for health and well being of people”. Therefore, it will evaluation
of health promotion intervention, associated risk with the disease and method that could be used
to overcome the same.
MAIN BODY
In the above health promotion poster related to obesity has clearly explained that why it
is one of main health issue in United Kingdom. Likewise, it has been identified that there are
around 63% of adult having age around 18 are being suffering from overweight. In another
words, around 35 million of adult are facing the similar situation that has result in negative
impact on health and well being of individual. Due to numerous changes in the lifestyles of
people, number of health issue among them has increased at rapid stage (Jennings and Bamkole,
2019). Moreover, UK have fifth highest rate of obesity across Europe in 2015 I.,e around 24.9%
of adult population having body mass index of 30 or more.
So, the health promotional theory and model has been clearly mentioned in the poster
that are being used by healthcare organisation and other to eradicate the issue to maximum
extend. Such as, it has mentioned about the behaviour change model that majorly focuses on
preventive approach and lifestyles behavioural that are adversely impacting on the health and
well being of individual. The main motive of this model is to influence people to adapt healthy
lifestyles behavioural, take responsibilities of their respective health and make use of health
services to stay fit and fine. Government and healthcare organisation through providing
necessary information about the diseases, its impact and intervention is able to change the

behaviour, attitude and belief in effective manner (US Department of Health and Human
Services, 2018). The model used as health promotion will contribute in making individual aware
about what all actual activities, lifestyles such as food, sleep and other habit that they actually
need to adapt to stay fit and fine. Likewise, people should be aware that they should eat more
healthy and nutritional food rather than preferring junk food, along with that take 8 hours of
sleep. Moreover, they should be aware of doing regular exercise and meditation as it helps in
maintaining the weight and improving the health of the individual. Therefore, it can be
evaluated that the behaviour model chooses as heath promotion for intervention of obesity is best
because it has helped in changing the attitude, belief and behaviour of the person (Cislaghi and
et.al., 2019).
Along with that, the above poster has also described about the collective action model
that could be used for promoting the health. It takes account of interrelationship between the
individual and environment as it stated that health is determined by number of external factor
that out of control by individual. Likewise, there are several health issue that are face by
individual because of adverse external environment situation i.,e low income, education and
other necessary facilities to stay healthy lifestyles. Furthermore, this model emphasis on
community empowerment in which individual acquire knowledge, skills and commitment to
improve their health through reviewing health status of others (Schillinger, Chittamuru and
Ramírez, 2020). Therefore, it is model that encompasses ideas of community empowerment I,e.,
both the individual and organisation needs to take steps to eradicate the health issue through
making improvement in their overall health and well-being.
In addition to this, the poster has also represent crucial information related to the public
policy that has been made in context of obesity. In recent scenario, there has been significant
increase in obesity that is serious public health issue associated with lower life expectancy and
problem. Such as stroke, diabetes, heart diseases and other issue related to the health. Different
policies and procedures that has been made by the government of United Kingdom to reduce
obesity or promote good health are tax, warning labels on food, restriction on advertisement,
sales of unhealthy food and more. For example: tax policy is one of the measure that has been
undertaken by government to reduce the obesity by increasing the price of unhealthy food so that
its overall demand can be minimized to maximum extend (Truman, Bischoff and Elliott, 2020).
In in other words, tax on high sugar and high fat food act as influencing people to switch from

unhealthy food to other alternative in order to stay fit and fine. In 2018, the government of
United Kingdom has imposed tax on sugary drinks that has resulted in showing lower demand
for high sugar drinks. On the contrary hand, there are some of the limitation related to the tax
policy is that it is hard to change lifelong eating habit by making use of tax alone only. Along
with it, in absence of other promotional health alternative and policies, higher tax will reduce
demand by small amount (Robbins and et.al., 2019). Therefore, the tax policy have both benefits
and disadvantages that needs to be considered by the health care organisation and government to
promote overall health and well-being of individual living in the society.
Government has also make policy related to food labelling as it is one of the best way to
educate people about the ingredient that are present in specific food that may be harmful for
health of the individual. This policy emphasis that warning label needs to be added on the front
of the products in either red or black font so that people are aware about the negative or adverse
impact of particular food on their health. While, it has been noticed that there are only small
labels that are showing % of recommended daily allowance. For examples: the biscuit label has
key information related to fat and sugar content and the amount in which they need to be eat by
individual (Kickbusch, 2019). This has helped in educating people about the manner or time they
need to eat for having a good health and lifestyle. Thus, both the firm and consumer can easily
adjust the amount of sugar, fat and calories in particular products so that they can be protected
from key health issue of obesity. But lot of time and resources need to be wastage in the label so
that necessary information about the products can be given to them in effectively manner.
Apart from the above discussed policy related to health promotion intervention of
obesity, restriction on advertisement and sales of products that are not good for health can also
contribute in reducing the percentage of people being suffering from obesity. There should be
straightforward policies need to be made to restrict the sales as well as advertisement of
unhealthy food in different locations. As significant cause of childhood obesity is availability and
intake of sugary drinks, chip and junk food in their daily lifestyles. Implementation of this policy
is necessary as only changing the eating habit of the children is not enough or significant but also
steps needs to be taken to restrict the sales (Stiehl and et.al., 2018). Along with it, government
should also lay emphasis on putting limit on advertisement of unhealthy products so that no
child, adult and other individual are motivated to eat the same. As most of the youth population

eat unhealthy food by viewing the advertisement so putting restriction will lead in reducing its
consumption and maximum benefits to the people.
CONCLUSION
From the above analysis it can be concluded that obesity is one of the major key issue
face by maximum number of people living in the society due to change in their lifestyles. Such
as intake of food, proper sleep, exercise, meditation and other factors that has results in
increasing their overweight. At the same time, it can be stated that there are two models of health
promotional intervention that has helped in promoting the awareness among people to stay
healthy and fit or free from obesity. Such as, behaviour change model and collective action
model are two model that has been used as healthcare promotional to eliminate the cause of
obesity. While, the tax, restriction on sales and advertisement and food labelling are different
policies that has been made by the United kingdom to reduce the percentage of people suffering
from obesity. Therefore, it can be summarized that the poster has contributed in effective
evaluation of the strategies related to health promotional used in UK for benefits of people.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Cislaghi, B and et.al., 2019. Changing social norms: the importance of “organized diffusion” for
scaling up community health promotion and women empowerment
interventions. Prevention Science, 20(6). pp.936-946.
Jennings, V. and Bamkole, O., 2019. The relationship between social cohesion and urban green
space: An avenue for health promotion. International journal of environmental research
and public health, 16(3). p.452.
Kickbusch, I., 2019. Health promotion 4.0.
Robbins, R and et.al., 2019. Employee sleep and workplace health promotion: a systematic
review. American Journal of Health Promotion, 33(7). pp.1009-1019.
Schillinger, D., Chittamuru, D. and Ramírez, A .S., 2020. From “infodemics” to health
promotion: a novel framework for the role of social media in public health. American
journal of public health, 110(9). pp.1393-1396.
Stiehl, E and et.al., 2018. Worksite health promotion for low-wage workers: a scoping literature
review. American Journal of Health Promotion, 32(2). pp.359-373.
Truman, E., Bischoff, M. and Elliott, C., 2020. Which literacy for health promotion: health, food,
nutrition or media?. Health promotion international, 35(2). pp.432-444.
US Department of Health and Human Services, 2018. Theory at a glance: A guide for health
promotion practice. Lulu. Com.
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