Health Promotion Report: Strategies, Determinants, and Campaigns

This report delves into the multifaceted realm of health promotion, elucidating its significance within healthcare organizations and communities. It meticulously examines various determinants of health, including socio-economic factors, environmental influences, and individual behaviors, highlighting their impact on overall well-being. The report then explores different health promotion models, such as the Health Promotion Model, and their application in addressing public health challenges, particularly in areas like smoking cessation. It also analyzes the effectiveness of health promotion campaigns, emphasizing the importance of providing relevant information to the public. Furthermore, the report outlines strategies employed by governments to promote health, focusing on the role of healthcare providers in supporting individuals in adopting healthier lifestyles and addressing health inequalities. The report also identifies barriers to healthcare access and discusses the role of health beliefs in influencing health behaviors. Finally, the report concludes with a discussion of the importance of health promotion campaigns to meet specific objectives and how health promotion strategies support overall public health goals.

Health Promotion
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Contents
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1.................................................................................................................................................3
TASK 2.................................................................................................................................................5
TASK 3.................................................................................................................................................8
3.3 Importance of providing relevant health related information to the public...............................9
TASK 4.................................................................................................................................................9
4.1 Plan a health promotion campaign to meet specific objectives.................................................9
4.2 Health promotion campaign supports health promotion strategies.........................................10
CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................................11
References..........................................................................................................................................12
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INTRODUCTION
Health promotion is defined as a process to enable people to increase control on their health
condition and take the actions to improve the wellbeing in the case of any diseases (Lane and Tribe,
2006). In general manner, the health promotion means developing those fitness policies which can
address the need of the healthcare service (Erickson, 2015). The following research is based on
health promotion and to understand its importance in healthcare organization and community, the
different case scenarios have considered. The things which will be explained through this research
are impact of socio-economic, different models of the promotion, factors affecting implementation
and effectiveness of the fitness campaigning.
TASK 1
Health when defined on a broader perspective is a state of physical, emotional and social
well-being of an individual rather than just the absence of illness. There are numerous factors that
determine the overall health of an individual and communities (Potter and Perry, 2006). The
environment, family circumstances, healthcare facilities, awareness, individual behaviour, inherited
genes, age, education, income levels are some of the determinants (Glanz, Rimer, and Viswanath,
2008).. Post said that the favourable outcomes of these decisions have to depend upon the
determinants (Mackay and et.al., 2012).
For instance a teenager becomes addicted to smoking under his peer group pressure,
although he is quite aware of the fact that it can lead to fatal diseases. On the contrary, a person may
follow a fitness and diet regime that is followed by his favourite celebrity or role model due to the
strong influence on the individual's behaviour (Sallis, Owen and Fisher, 2008). Economic drivers
such as income and education levels significantly impact individual as well as communities
healthcare practices. Poor people lack access to basic necessities like nutrition rich diet, hygienic
housing conditions and risky working conditions which impact negatively (Knapp, McDaid and
Parsonage, 2011). Their financial condition is the major barrier to healthy life. Less educated people
are more vulnerable to infectious diseases as compared to educated counterparts. An Educated
person can make informed decisions regarding his fitness requirements and contribute significantly
in the promotional health programs
Physical environmental determinants include safe drinking water, pollution free air and
hygienic working and housing conditions. Safe and clean atmosphere at homes and offices or
workplaces ensure good health of people (Anderson and McFarlane, 2010).
A better support system from family, friends and society contributes to healthier individuals
as compared to those who lack moral support from such entities and live in isolation (McNamee,
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Ternent and Hussein, 2009). Mental health is largely impacted by socio cultural factors. Other
important determinant can be referred to genetic inheritance. The genes play critical role in
determining certain traits in an individual to fight diseases as well as their susceptibility to get
affected with other ailments (Glanz, Rimer, and Viswanath, 2008). Longevity, immunity and
behavioural aspects are all impacted by genetic make-up of an individual. Similarly a person being
male or female also determines the health state as women are more exposed to certain health risks
than men and vice versa.
The relevance of government sources on reporting health inequalities is a matter of great
importance in promoting health. The outcomes of good health practices can be successfully
achieved by educating people about factors that can positively impact their lifestyles that directly
affect their physical and mental fitness. Health promotion campaigns become effective tools which
can be employed by government to address masses on health issues (McNamee, Ternent and
Hussein, 2009). For instance UK's National Health Services employ clinical engagement at three
strategic levels which include treatment, screening and health promotion. To handle health
inequalities NHS split up in various teams such as primary and secondary care teams, specialist care
units and health regulatory trusts (Glanz, Rimer, and Viswanath, 2008). The inequalities of health
emerge from various socio-economic factors which were discussed in the previous passage. To
overcome inequalities in healthcare NHS focus on the following levels: Treatment- Various chronic and acute conditions are diagnosed and provided suitable
treatment in order to cure them or to control them from getting severe.
 Screening- NHS ensures to provide screening facility to group of people suffering from
health conditions and the potential risk of such conditions (Sallis, Owen and Fisher, 2008).
 Health Promotion- The team at NHS also ensures to provide information and support to
people who are at major risk of lifestyle diseases. It further offers offering attractive perks to
adopt healthy lifestyle by including nutritious diet and fitness workout to their regime.
NHS implement health engagement programs under its specialist services that encourages
people of all ages to quit smoking and drinking. Awareness programs can enable people to take
informed decisions about medical facilities who have been diagnosed withlifestyle diseases like
obesity, diabetes, hypertension and stress. living (Knapp, McDaid and Parsonage, 2011).
Last but not the least, there are certain reasons that discourage the access of healthcare. The barriers
and their causes are mentioned in the following passage. Geographic Location: Locations of medical and healthcare centres influence the decisions
of service users. Patients would discard the thought of spending on transportation if they
need to travel to a distantly located centre and prefer services that are easily accessible
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without spending a penny on travelling (McNamee, Ternent and Hussein, 2009). Quality and availability of medical services: The availability of health professionals and
medical tools or equipment becomes barriers when the patient has to wait for long time to
avail services (Anderson and McFarlane, 2010). Sometimes the lack of information about
the service providers restricts the choices for the service user and thus affecting the demand
for the health provider. Income Levels: An individual’s ability to receive healthcare services depends largely on his
income levels. Poorly paid person will always show less interest in availing expensive
medical treatment. Also the will to spend on services in spite of having sound finances
becomes a barrier to healthcare. Various facets of healthcare services: These include behaviour and attitude of care
professionals with the care receiver. If a health worker is cordial and friendly with the
patient then it positively impact on person's recovery system. Many health conditions restrict
the behaviour of care workers in serving effectively to the person suffering such as HIV or
AIDS, tuberculosis, etc (Glanz, Rimer, and Viswanath, 2008).
 Faith in healthcare providers: Barrier to access healthcare for a person diagnosed with a
particular ailment can be reasoned to his low confidence in the services of health provider.
Therefore trust building is very important for making healthcare accessible to public
(McNamee, Ternent and Hussein, 2009).
TASK 2
Health promotional strategies of governments focus on providing a healthy environment to people
where they can have maximum control over their lives combating physical and mental illness.
Health promotion strategies undertaken by government play major role in making people aware of
benefits of healthy living. The health model introduced by Dr. Nola Pendor is universally acclaimed
for research and educational purposes. Often shortened to HPM, the model concentrates on assisting
individuals to attain better mental and physical health (Glanz, Rimer, and Viswanath, 2008). The
components of HPM mainly include cultural, behavioural, social and lifestyle related aspects of a
person. It also promotes healthcare providers to offer quality services and resources to patients
suffering from chronic or acute medical conditions. In addition to that the responsibilities of care
workers are to support clients in adopting a positive approach towards life by improving quality of
their living (Knapp, McDaid and Parsonage, 2011). The Health Promotion Model for smoking
cessation among adults and teenagers works in line with government health campaigns. They both
aim to make people quit this nasty habit by spreading awareness about the perils of smoking. To
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further elaborate the connections between HPM and health strategies of government related to
smoking following description can be presented (McNamee, Ternent and Hussein, 2009).
 Past behavioural conditioning: The model focuses on reinforcing healthy lifestyle behaviour
to prevent unpleasant medical conditions. It encourages people to take charge of their
behaviours which can improve quality of their overall health with the help of awareness
programs (Raphael, 2004). The person if demonstrated about the negative impacts of
smoking and potential benefits to health on discouraging the habit can possibly affect its
past behaviour.
 Confidence building: The positive affirmation to patients taking positive efforts in the
direction of quitting smoking would help them in having complete control on their lives.
Government strategies coupled with confidence building model aim to help smokers to
undertake healthier options and discontinue smoking (Sallis, Owen and Fisher, 2008).
It is the role of doctors, nurses and other care workers to make smoking cessation a success.
They are responsible to make the patient aware of malicious effects of cigarette smoking. Regular
support and care helps in building strong urge to discontinue the habit. The healthcare team explain
the advantages of healthy diet, regular exercising and meditation to the patient over disadvantages
of smoking. This way the professionals of healthcare can condition the patients’ minds to adopt the
healthy change in there smoking behaviour (Knapp, McDaid and Parsonage, 2011). The dieticians
and nutrition experts design a healthy diet plan for the patient in order to increase his stamina.
Regular exercising under the guidance of fitness experts helps in increasing metabolic processes
thereby speeding the recovery process (Anderson and McFarlane, 2010). Psychologists though
regular counselling can assist the patient in dealing with any psychological issues faced by the
client during treatment of anti smokingOne such responsibility of councellors refers to talking
therapies that proved to be very effective for smokers who initiated to quit .
Roles of healthy routine
Smokers can reap great benefits by making positive changes in their daily routines. The important
changes include exercising and eating well balanced diet. . Healthy food rich in essential nutrients
such as proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals and micronutrients replenish the body
(McNamee, Ternent and Hussein, 2009). The nutrients play important roles in releasing energy and
smoothly carrying out day to day functions of the system. (Glanz, Rimer, and Viswanath, 2008).
Smokers are at major risk of cardiovascular disease as the nicotin levels in blood cuts down the
demand of oxygen in the body. It also inflates the tissues and shrinks down oxygen carrying
airways hampering stamina of the person. Thus it becomes very critical for the smoker to exercise
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regularly. Any kind of physical workout including walking, jogging, swimming, etc increases
oxygen circulation in the body and improves the coping behaviour of smokers. Research indicates
that smokers who do regular exercise and eat healthy tend to cope better with their cigarette
cravings. In addition to these modifications other things can also be practised to attain success in
quitting smoking. The practices are mentioned in the following points:
 Using stairs instead of lifts or escalators at workplace
 Indulging in a hobby such as gardening, singing, dancing and other activities of interest to
divert the attention from nicotine cravings.
 Switching to a cup of tea instead of a cigarette to beat anxiety.
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TASK 3
There are various factors which affect the health beliefs of the people such as social,
cultural, income, education etc. The health beliefs of the people often vary with the time. So, there
are many theories which define the relation of health beliefs with the human perceptions (Power
and et al., 2007).
Health behaviour models Explanation Relation with health beliefs
Health belief model Used to determine the
psychological changes in health
behaviour of a person (Green,
2006).
The people accept or reject
preventive health services as
per their healthy behaviours.
Reasoned action and planned
behaviour theory
This theory represents the
social- psychological approach
which helps in understanding
the determinants of health
behaviour of a person (Sallis,
Owen and Fisher, 2008).
People believe that a proper
health can be achieved with
good diet plan, awareness and
exercise (Braveman and et al.,
2005).
Health action model As per this hypothesises,
unhealthy health practices
should be replaced with the
healthy ones.
People believe that by adopting
good eating habits may help in
living a healthy life (McNamee,
Ternent and Hussein, 2009).
The common and ever seen health promotion programs are breastfeeding, tackling Obesity,
stopping smoking and increasing regular exercise. In the present times, people are more aware
about the benefits of regular exercise (Anderson and McFarlane, 2010). The general advantages are
control over increasing weight, reducing the chances of diseases, bootsing up the energy and
stamina level, decreasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, improving mental health etc
(Goodson, 2010). For taking the advantages of these benefits, people are now moving in the
direction of regular exercise. But with the same time, they are also eating several types of fast food
and consuming unhealthy beverages. These containhigh calories and many other chemicals which is
not good for health (Glanz, Rimer, and Viswanath, 2008). In the case of health promotion for
creating the awareness in the people, the local industry has taken it into negative way (Black,
Hawks and Keene, 2006). Many fast food companies, in order to make huge profits misguide
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people by unethically promoting their foods under low calorie, sugar free and fat free labels. To
attract more and more customers for consuming unhealthy food, the local industry has followed
unethical things like promoting the products as a calorie and fat free, not contain any artificial
colour etc (Adler and Newman, 2002). These things create potential conflicts between the local
industry and health promotion campaigning. The effects of this situation are that people consume
more fast food and beverages and not perform any kind of physical activities. It adversely affect the
health behaviour of human as well as their life styles (Polit and Beck, 2007).
3.3 Importance of providing relevant health related information to the public
The most complex and important activity in the health care is to provide the health related
information to the public. In health promotion campaigning, it is an essential thing to create
awareness in the community about the health and its importance. For instance, the aim of regular
exercise health promotion is to educate the people about the benefits of exercise in the life (Goins
and et al., 2005). By attending the following health promotional events, the public get information
about the advantages and they are able to recognize the advantages of regular exercise. It also
assists the people to know about the best possible exercise to maintain the health and live a happy
and healthy life. It reduces the fear in the public about any kind of emerging of fear (Ensor and
Cooper, 2004). On the other hand, the event attenders can also know about the required body weight
as per their age as well as values of nutritional food to manage the energy level in body. The
quarries and myths regarding the health issues and exercise are also resolved (Bandura, 2004).
Therefore, it is important for the promotion programs to effectively communicate the positive and
negative impacts of healthcare factors of to public so that health inequalities present in the
community can be fixed (Reeves, Lewin and Espin, 2011). Along with this, the people are also
getting aware about their health and avoid unhygienic and unhealthy food.
TASK 4
4.1 Plan a health promotion campaign to meet specific objectives
Seeing the increasing numbers of smokers in UK, there is a need to design a health promotion
campaign so as to reduce the smoking tendency in masses (Donev, 2007). This will not only aid
towards increasing awareness of individuals about negative effects of smoking but also aid help
smoking cessation officers to understand the reasons of smoking and taking corrective actions to
curb the menace (Dixon, Hinde and Banwell, 2006).
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AIM: To increase public awareness in people regarding ill effects of smoking”
OBJECTIVES:
To reduce number of smokers by 25% at the end of 2015.
To help the smokers in quitting the habit of smoking
To increase awareness about raising awareness about the dangers of smoking and secondary smoke.
SAY NO TO SMOKING

4.2 Health promotion campaign supports health promotion strategies
Health promotion campaigning and health promotion strategies, both are interrelated and
interdependent on each other. During promoting the health campaigning of regular exercise, a
health promotion strategy is required. In the case of promoting the health campaigning of regular
exercise, a poster strategy can be used (Nordgren, 2011). With the help of this, the required and
important information can be displayed which deliver the positive health messages between the
public. If the people educated through adopting the post health promotion strategy then purpose
behind health promotion campaigning is achieved (McNamee, Ternent and Hussein, 2009). Another
strategy of health promotion is organizing events in which health care practitioners will explain and
educate the public about the benefits and importance of regular exercise. Therefore, from the above
stated example, it can be said that health promotion campaigning supports health promotion
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strategies which help in delivering the important information in the public (Glanz, Rimer, and
Viswanath, 2008).
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it can be concluded that health promotion is an important aspect of
the every health and social care organization. But there are factors socio-economic factors which
affect the health of people and influence them to adopt different health behaviour with the time.
Along with this, the health promotion models support the UK government strategies. On the other
hand, the health behaviour models define the health beliefs of the people and this thing affect the
health promotion of the care organizations. But to meet the some specific objectives of health
promotion, a health campaigning has needed. To effectively execute the health promotion in
community and provide the appropriate information to the public, the different health promotion
strategies can be preferred These are inclusive of poster, organizing events etc.
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REFERENCES
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