Health Promotion Strategies for Underserved Populations: A Case Study

Desklib provides past papers and solved assignments. This report analyzes health promotion strategies and interventions.

HEALTH PROMOTION
1

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................4
LO1..............................................................................................................................................................5
1.1............................................................................................................................................................5
1.2............................................................................................................................................................7
1.3............................................................................................................................................................9
LO2............................................................................................................................................................11
2.1..........................................................................................................................................................11
2.2..........................................................................................................................................................13
2.3..........................................................................................................................................................15
LO3............................................................................................................................................................16
3.1..........................................................................................................................................................16
3.2..........................................................................................................................................................18
3.3..........................................................................................................................................................19
LO4............................................................................................................................................................20
4.1..........................................................................................................................................................20
4.2..........................................................................................................................................................21
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................................23
REFERENCE................................................................................................................................................24
2

INTRODUCTION
This assignment has been based on the given case scenario of Ramon who is homeless and has been
suffering from a cough. Health promotion is a method of promoting an individual to increase control
over and to improve the health and wellbeing. We will discuss the effect of socioeconomic status on
health as well as various barriers that may affect in delivering the health. We will discuss the health
promotion model and the link between this and government strategy. The healthcare professionals are
playing role in health promotion. Various external agencies in the UK are helping homeless people to
adopt a healthy lifestyle.
3

LO1
1.1
It has been shown that the health of the individual in the UK has been improving now a day. Other than
this many individuals has been experiencing health inequality and the status of living is being unequal in
the community (Eldredge et al, 2016). Socioeconomic status is one of the major factors of health
determinants and there is a direct connection between health and socio-economic status of the
individual. In the survey, it has been an analysis that people with low socioeconomically status have
experience ill effect of health and premature death as compare to people with high socioeconomic
status (Eldredge et al, 2016).
The biomedical model of health has explained that health is absences of any diseases and it has the
main focus on eradication of illness and its side effect through proper diagnosis and prompt treatment.
The status of health can be determined by analyzing whether the disease has been present on not or it
can be assessed that the cure of disease has been present in order to consider people healthy (Naidoo
and Wills, 2016). The role of nurses and health care professional has been playing an important role in
improving health inequalities. In order to accomplish this, it is essential to understand what health
inequality is.
A disease is an interaction of social, psychological and biological conditions. The changes can be
occurring in people individual life or it can be in the community in order to improve health. Socio-
economic factors consist of various factors such as environment, occupation and poverty (Naidoo and
Wills, 2016). It is a way of evaluating the quality of life and standard of people and their families in the
community that can affect the health and wellbeing of the individual. It has been an analysis that social
class is the strongest forecaster of health. People with high socioeconomic status usually live longer as
compare to people with low socioeconomic status.
Socioeconomic status of an individual can be measured by poverty, income, education level, and
occupation (Sharma, 2016). Socioeconomic factors seriously affect the health and wellbeing of an
individual. Parents those who are addicted to tobacco or other product may seriously affect the health
of the child. Education level among parents may have a great impact on the development of the child.
Parents are not aware of various diseases and its precaution which may affect health. The income level
4

is another big issue in the development of the child. Parents with low income are not able to go for a
routine checkup. Poor children are more likely to suffer from chronic diseases(Sharma, 2016).
In a contemporary world, pollution might create the biggest problem in maintaining good health.
Around 92 per cent of pollution-related deaths are occurring in poor people or low-income countries.
Children’s are in greater risks. Exposure to chemicals in early childhood may lead to disability or lifelong
problems
5

1.2
UK government has been playing a great role in assessing the health status of individual and planning
activities that are to be prepared for a definite society of the individual. The governments are various
authorities are planning the right decision in order to arrange health campaigns which are based on
social needs (Salazar et al, 2015). The various sources through which the data could be collected on
health inequalities are
Community research foundation and agency
These are the agencies or the foundation in order to do researches on what the public is doing. These
agencies are dealing with comparing the data of various foundations on so many aspects of the safety
and health of the community (Salazar et al, 2015). This agency is conducting the survey in order to know
the information on various aspects.
Public health and management department under government
This is a special partition or the section that is being formed under the UK government that are useful in
determining the safety and security of the individual (Adler, Glymour and Fielding, 2016). As in the given
case scenario of Ramon, the governments are not taking care of his health and safety which may lead to
the death of a young boy.
Public hospital and medical services
The hospital and administration have a responsibility to maintain the record and data on the safety and
health of people. The data and record should be maintained in the separate file and it should be safe
and secure (Arcaya, Arcaya and Subramanian, 2015). The data is useful in diagnosing the disease in
future as well as in present.
Independent examination survey/lifestyle and health survey
These surveys are very beneficial in getting the information on the health and lifestyle and the standard
of people. This survey has been used to analyse the health status of an individual. The survey has been
conducted by the health care professional or work in order to know the information about the
prevalence of diseases and illness (Arcaya, Arcaya and Subramanian, 2015).
6

Health inequalities in the Acheson report had been published in 1998. The main purpose of the report is
to inform the government public strategy to make a healthier nation. This report has made various
recommendations relating the poverty, health, income and social factors (Chambers, Feero and Khoury,
2016).
Developing health impact assessment policies that could have a direct effect on health inequalities
 Appointing supervisor in every health sectors
 Involve in partnership duty with the NHS management to safeguard partnership between local
and health authorities.
 The Acheson report establish the reality of health inequalities and their affiliation to social class
7

1.3
In order to assess healthcare, there are various obstacles or barrier has been found. Some are
Environmental factors
This factor is concerned about the hygiene and safety of people that are useful in determining the
statistical data of the people (Berman et al, 2019). The unsafe or unhygienic environment may lead to
various diseases in the individual which may affect the health of people.
Family factors
In this, the government or any social care sector has been taking support from the family of the
individual that has been targeting. Some families are not taking concerned for the health of family
member which may lead to developing any disease (Berman et al, 2019).
Social factors
In this individual is able to make a good relationship with the society or social circle. The various customs
in the society may lead to an obstacle in delivering good health in the individual.
Demographic factors
Demographic factor such as age, gender, race, caste and location of an individual where he is living may
affect the health of people (Mafuba et al, 2018). Some disease is more prevalence on a particular
location and gender like women are more associated with breast cancer while in male oral cancer is
prevalence.
Technological factors
The technology includes assessing information from social networking site, internet, Facebook, wattapp
and online connectivity. Sometimes the information which is present on the internet is not always
corrected and hence it may affect the healthcare of an individual (Mafuba et al, 2018).
8

The level and growth of technological development
In most of the case, the technologies are growing is slower rate and hence the analysis of health data
and record may become very difficult. Sometimes people are not aware of new technologies and health
information or promotion which may prevent them to achieve good health status (Ahn, 2015).
In the given case scenario of Ramon, socioeconomically factor does not support to seek treatment and
care. The place where Ramon lives was very unhygienic and he has to beggar for food. Poor family
support, no income source, poor education level and homeless are some of the barriers that affect the
health of Ramon.
9

LO2
2.1
The health promotion model that has been selected for the society depends on so many factors like
level of technological development, behaviours result, kind of people and demography of the society.
The health promotion model firstly analysis the need of the locality in terms of issue and benefit of
health that has been existed among the public related to various health and illness issues (Fertman, and
Allensworth, 2016). The health promotion model help in evaluating the health and safety of the people
so that the people can survive and can give a great contribution in the society and promote a safe and
hygienic culture within the society. The destitute section of the community has been provided with the
health benefits and wellbeing of an individual (Fertman, and Allensworth, 2016). Some models are
The health promotion strategic framework model
This model is the main component of health promotion. It contains five approaches for society,
education and health services. The main purpose of this model is:
 Achieving the goals in order to protect, preventing, promoting and improving the health of the
community.
 Safeguarding the value of money regarding decreases the workforce (Lupton, 2015).
 Increasing the HSC area capacity in order to improve the health and wellbeing in society.
 The multi-sector approaches have been developed in order to address health inequalities and
health determinant.
 Safeguarding the best health practices.
The health promotion model is one of the main national frameworks that help to promote health in an
individual with low socio-economic status like Roman. The framework is focused on the national
objective of encouraging health (Lupton, 2015). The health promotion priorities may include
encouraging physical activities, promoting mental health, encouraging towards healthier diet option,
reducing tobacco and smoking and its harm, promote a safe and hygienic environment. Reduce alcohol
intake, encouraging sexual and reproductive health. This factor is very effective if health promotion has
been supported by effective policy and procedure. And hence the proper planning has been required in
order to promote health (Lupton, 2015).
10

BEATTIE’S MODEL OF HEALTH PROMOTION
It is a complex system model that promotes health in wider social and health practices. This model is not
only useful to analyses the current and previous state of health promotion but also playing a great role
within it. This model has been providing a resource to build up strategies and practices in order to
promote health. This model contains four quadrants position on two axes (Wilkie et al, 2016). Mode of
intervention represents two axes. The top-down approach is authoritative and bottom-up approach is
negotiated. The four quadrants represent the various ways of promoting health by the government,
personal counselling, legislative action, professional and community.
11

D1
There are various models such as Beattie's model, Health promotion strategic framework model
adopted by the UK government to promote health and reduce health inequalities. The government has
used various sources to collect data on health inequality and with the help of various models, the health
promotion strategies have been successfully achieved (Flint, and Cummins, 2016). Health promotion
models are working in collaboration with government policies to reduce health inequality and provide
better future strategies for the population. As seen in Acheson report some ethnic minority groups
suffer more health inequality so the model like a health promotion model can be utilized to stage up
programs to reduce these inequalities (Flint, and Cummins, 2016).
2.2
The health care professionals are playing a various role in order to meet the target for health
promotions are
Primary care trust
The primary care trusts are being responsible for providing the care and support to the service seekers.
Trust has been associated with a dedicated team in order to prevent social care and encouraging a
healthy lifestyle (Flint, and Cummins, 2016). The main aim of this trust is reducing the health inequalities
among society and help to achieve a good life and health.
General practitioners
The general practitioners are considered as the first point of contact for the service seekers. They are
playing a crucial role in promoting a healthy lifestyle (Flint, and Cummins, 2016). In the UK every person
has the rights to register with general practitioners.
NHS centre
In England, there are almost 66 centres of NHS trust in almost every field and are convenient for every
location (Montano and Kasprzyk, 2015). The NHS centres are offering quick access to service seekers.
They are providing good care and support to the people as well as they are also active in a health
12