Health Promotion: Socioeconomic Influences and Health Inequalities

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HEALTH PROMOTION

Table of Content
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Task 1: Report..................................................................................................................................4
LO1 Socio economic influences on health (M1, D1)......................................................................5
1.1 Effects of socio economic influences.....................................................................................5
1.2 Relevance of sources to report on health inequalities............................................................6
1.3 Reason of barrier to assess healthcare....................................................................................8
Task 2: Essay.................................................................................................................................11
LO2 Models of health promotion (M1, M3 &D1)........................................................................11
2.1 Connection between health promotion model and government strategies..........................11
2.2 Responsibility of professionals to meet government targets...............................................12
2.3 Influence of routine to promote healthy living....................................................................13
Task 3: Essay.................................................................................................................................15
LO3 factors that influence health promotion (M2, D2, and D3)...................................................15
3.1 relation of health belief with health behaviour theories.......................................................15
3.2 Effects of potential conflicts................................................................................................16
3.3 Importance of providing health related information............................................................17
TASK 4: HEALTH CAMPAIGN PLAN......................................................................................19
LO4 PLAN OF HEALTH PROMOTION CAMPAIGN..............................................................19
4.1 Health promotion campaign plan.........................................................................................19
4.2 Support of campaign on health promotion strategy.............................................................19
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................21

Introduction
This study is completely based on a young man who is homeless and suffering from cold for a
long time. Socio economic factors have a great influence on healthcare service. In this context,
various government sources and agencies are there that assess the health services. Although
various barriers are there in assessing healthcare services, these agencies play important role in
promoting health and preventing disease. The report is intending to demonstrate the models as
well as theories of health promotion. In healthy living, this has a positive role. Providing
significant health related detailed is vital. However, various impacts of potential disruptions are
there. This study is aiming to plan a campaign for health promotion.

Task 1: Report
Executive summary
Promotion of healthcare is significantly affected by various socioeconomic factors. For this, the
assessment of relevant government resources is necessary. Although they are available to all
people, there are some difficulties behind this. In order to promote healthcare services, this is
vital to link between models of health promotion and several government strategies. Lack of
resources, cultural barriers as well as geographical barriers are psychological resources can
hinder the healthcare services.

LO1 Socio economic influences on health (M1, D1)
1.1 Effects of socio economic influences
Health inequalities are primarily the difference of health status that is experienced by individual
group within a society. This may consequences to biological as well as genetic factors. The
choices occur or happen by chance. For the reason of individual assessment of healthcare, this
difference can be shown. As opined by Jennings et al. (2016), the key influences of health care
experience, culture as well as environment and other issues. Moreover, the factors, that
determine health of individuals or a group are hereditary, age and sex. However, the other factors
are best choices for health determinant.
Economic drivers of health care income and education that has direct connection with health. On
the other hand, the social drivers of health are relation with society. These socio-economic
factors are involved in interaction with health. In simple word, these factors can be the cause of
health outcome and health behaviour. According to the given case scenario, a young man was
continued to coughing for a long time. However, for the lack of sufficient fund and social
awareness, he had not provided hospitality facility.
The people with low income have lack of resources. In addition, they cannot access adequate
housing as well as good working condition and safe path of walking. In general, they cannot get
nutritious food to eat. As mentioned by Heiman and Artiga (2015), these have a great negative
impact on health. For the consequence, they may face life and financial stress. Overtime, this has
a bad health outcome, such as circulatory complications, immune and high blood pressure. On
the other hand, the people having adequate financial condition as well as employment,
experience good health outcome. As stated by Giles-Corti et al. (2016), these are less dependent
on work and home. However, the control decision making in health outcome. In general, the
degree of feeling of people control the circumstances, related to health outcome. The increment
of health exposure and lack of social support, skill can contribute in health. Moreover, these
factors may consequences over application of alcohol, smoking or poor eating habits.
Structure of society also impacts on health. This can be happen through individual’s distribution
of resources and products. As per the case scenario, it has been found that, one young man was
coughing and suffering from cold. In this situation, the influencing factors of health outcome,

equally share to overall population. Connection with culture is able to protect from various
health effects and living in unhealthy circumstance. Social support is also necessary in this issue.
In order to set trajectory of healthy lifestyle, having a good start also helps. Many challenges
may face by people for this reason, such as low literacy, criminality, heart disease, obesity,
health issues or mental problem. As per the notation of Hackmann et al. (2015), stressful
circumstance, people may feel worried, unable to cope up and anxious as well. These can leads
to premature health or damaging health. The reason for this is continuous insecurity, social
isolation as well as lack of control in work and anxiety may consequences health risk. Such
physical and psychological difficulties accumulate in whole life. Moreover, this increases the
chance of poor mental health. This has been noticed from the case scenario that, the young man,
who is coughing for a long time, has dead. For the prevention of health, developed
socioeconomic practice is necessary.
In simple word, continuous socio economic situation connected with the prevalence of various
degenerative and chronic diseases. As well, this can be the cause of Alzheimer’s disease, cancer
or cardiovascular disease.
1.2 Relevance of sources to report on health inequalities
Government of UK plays a crucial role in the assessment of health as well as planning activities.
These are organized for individual people or a specific community. Government and the
representatives are involved in making decision about designing health campaign. These are in
general based on necessity of this community. As per the notation of Elgar et al. (2016), the
Sources of information that applied in health inequalities are gathered from various community
health foundations. On the other hand, administration department or public health department
also contributes in this campaign. Several medical service centres or public hospital has an
important role in health inequality. Additionally, the group that conduct planning activities can
execute independent survey for enquiry.

Figure 1: Government sources that report on health inequality
(Source: publichealthmatters.blog.gov.uk, 2019)
Agencies for community health research: These agencies are involved in doing public health
research. As per the outcome of conference, they usually compare data on the ground of safety
and health of the overall community.
Administration department concerned for public health: This is one of the special divisions
that are formed under government of UK. Moreover, government of UK has the duty to develop
this agency. This agency is particularly concerned with people’s health within a community.
Housing and Health Partnership: This is an active and functional collaboration of health of
individual or a community. As stated by Pascoe et al. (2016), the agency generally promotes
planning of health and good lifestyle.
Public Health Equity: This agency of Government of UK supports various risk factors by
targeting their effective interventions. Moreover, this reduces rate of excessive smoking within
urban or deprived areas. This agency is involved in reducing smoking habit in pregnancy period
and supports in mental health setting.
Medical services and public hospital: Several hospitals and healthcare services keep significant
record on health as well as safety of the individual’s.
Lifestyle and health survey or independent survey: These surveys are consisted of huge
amount of information about lifestyle and health of people. Way of living of the individuals is
also considerable into this survey.

Figure 1: Premature mortality rate
(Source: publichealthmatters.blog.gov.uk)
These sources are useful in collecting health information about least and most deprived areas of
UK. The UK government health outcome sources identified that from 2010 to 2017, there is a
small widening in gap of women (publichealthmatters.blog.gov.uk, 2019). In addition, this shed
light on life expectancy of ethnic group or birth and death level. The report shows that, there is a
significant higher rate of mortality in Northern Ireland or Scotland. The average rate of
premature death in all ages is also high in these areas. Including Poland and Baltic states, men,
who are born from 2001 to 2011, have high mortality rate and premature death. However, from
the report, this is clear that they are doing better (publichealthmatters.blog.gov.uk, 2019). In
addition, they mostly suffer from cardiovascular disease and have high suicide intention.
Apart from this, Health in All Policies and its guidelines covers various urban areas of UK, and
this agency improves growth and well beings with multiple functions. Inequalities may also exist
in several dimensions, such as personal characteristics, socioeconomic deprivations as well.
1.3 Reason of barrier to assess healthcare
Various factors are there that prevents gaining assessment of health and social information. This
may be the cause of significant knowledge about healthcare services or resources. Therefore,
individual or group may face challenges in assessing health service. According to the result of
conference, some of those are mentioned below.

Physical barrier: This includes the objects that prevents from gathering information. As for
example, a wheelchair user is not able to enter in several buildings or narrow places. For physical
behaviour, the young man could not survive and has been dead.
Financial barriers: In case of social and health care services are away some distance, and they
cannot afford the expenses of transport, people cannot get service. This is also a difficulty that
faced by the young man in case scenario.
Psychological barrier: This may affect the mentality of individuals. For example, they may fear
of assessing several healthcare services. In many cases, they think about identifying wrong
treatment. Huijg et al. (2015) noted that from their GP, they cannot even seek help.
Geographical barrier: The people, who are near from health care service centre, get more
facility than those lives in areas, far from the same. They need not to run for treatment. In many
cases, a service user needs to cover a long distance for emergency or traumatic situation. This is
difficult for them. As stated by Sallis et al. (2015), due to the mobility problem, the individual's
cannot assess proper health or social care.
Resource barrier: In some situations, due to staff shortage or consumption of money, service
users cannot assess proper service. McCormack et al. (2017) pointed that for large demand of
treatment, they used to wait until collection of sufficient money. As for example, service users
has to wait for service although the high necessity of vaccination against disease. The young man
was survived for admission in hospital; however, for the lack of resources, he could not.
Cultural barrier: In case of the service providers do not use available language in local service
centres; service users may not able to understand it.
Environmental factors: These issues are related to safety and hygiene that can be determined by
information related to health.
Technological factors: This includes the accession of online reporting or internet use as well as
internet connectivity.
Development Of technology: The urban areas are now growing in slower pace towards
innovation of technology. LeBaron (2017) viewed that for this reason, it would be difficult to
track the record of health data.
Help and support by community: In many cases, people are unaware of information about
health promotion. Moreover, they do not know the importance of data related to health outcome.
For the consequence, they provide wrong information or incorrect data to whole community.

Demographic factors: These factors include the system of health care support and related
information based on gender or age and location.
Social factors: The factors, through which service users are able to overcome the social
challenges within social circle.
These barriers of health promotion provide a proper direction to move at particular objective that
supports assessing the health service.

Task 2: Essay
LO2 Models of health promotion (M1, M3 &D1)
2.1 Connection between health promotion model and government strategies
Health promotion is very much effective for recent time to serve better treatment to management
of different peoples. Government organisations of UK are very much sincere about health and
well beings of peoples, thus they implement different strategies to manage different activities.
According to Wager et al. (2017), governments implement different strategies for reduction of
various issues in health. Therefore, management supplies quality facilities to their peoples
through National Health Service for enhancement of caring through appropriate process. To
achieve success in health prevention process managers may communicate with their different
health care organisation to develop adequate brand value. Various objective of government of
United Kingdom are mentioned below:
1. To deliver pregnancy services to women's.
2. To improve environment in different place such as school, workplace.
3. To provide effective quality foods to peoples of UK.
4. To supply treatment to mental patients (Mossialos et al. 2015).
5. To control smoking and drinking activities in different place.
6. To enhance maintenance process of social connections.
7. Similarly, to deliver quality education for incrimination of awareness.
8. To enable effective health promotion systems for peoples.
There are several health promotion theories and models in UK to support prevention program to
minimise different diseases regarding health and well beings (Brown et al. 2016). These theories
help government to understand different issues in development and implementation process of
different health strategies. In similar, it is essential to access different strategic models and
theories for management various operations in health promotions. Government uses following
models in health promotional activities to minimise various issues regarding well beings. These
are following:
Ecological Models:

This is one of the significant models to interact with peoples to understand their problem in
health to deliver quality facilities. Moreover, employees of healthcare industry can enhance their
knowledge, positive behaviour, and personality to create prominent bonding. Further,
management of different organisation supplies services based on different community including
interpersonal skills of customers. For example, promotora model is an ecological model to
implement successful health promotion process.
Health Belief Model:
The most widely used model is health belief model to deliver quality facilities and prevent
different health diseases to understand the dispute areas (Prince et al. 2016). This model helps
management to focus on different areas such as condition of health, behaviour regarding health
to promote effective actions.
Social Cognitive Theory:
Social Cognitive Theory can influence experience of individual to deliver facilities for excellent
improvement of health promotional activities. Key components of Social Cognitive Theory are
behavioural capability of peoples, self efficiency, and expectation of different issues in
challenging market. Thus, government of UK deliver legal framework to healthcare employees
to interact with patients with AIDS/HIV/ Cancer.
2.2 Responsibility of professionals to meet government targets
The health professionals can operate different branches of health care sector to improve quality
of treatment for people. Moreover, several departments of health professional are medicine,
surgery, pharmacy, psychology, nursing, health education, and laboratory technician. Health
professionals are has several roles in health promotional activities to meet the objective of
government to serve quality facilities to peoples. Nowadays, the duty of health professional
increase continuously to deliver quality services to management of different patients
(Dobrzykowski et al. 2016). Therefore, management of different hospitality organisation have to
take huge responsibility to serve quality facilities to their management for enhancement of
government objective to deliver quality health promotions. The roles of health professionals are
mentioned below:
● The most essential role of Health professionals is to deliver appropriate education to their
students as well as peoples to increase their self awareness about health. Similarly, they