Comparative Study: Health Risks, Mortality, and Disease Burden

This essay provides a comparative analysis of health risks and susceptible populations in India and Senegal. It begins by identifying prevalent diseases in both countries, such as tuberculosis, respiratory diseases, malaria, and cardiovascular diseases, and discusses various risk factors including behavioral, physiological, demographic, environmental, and genetic factors. The essay then delves into specific outbreaks and crises, mentioning the high incidence of tuberculosis in India and the Chikungunya outbreak in Senegal, along with population mortality rates and the overall burden of disease. The discussion includes statistical data on mortality due to diseases like COPD and the impact of these health issues on vulnerable populations such as women, children, and tribal communities. The conclusion emphasizes the influence of risk factors on mortality rates and the susceptibility of populations in both countries, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to address these public health challenges.

Running heads: healthcare and population
Risk factors and susceptible population
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Authors Note

1Risk factors and susceptible population
Introduction
Risk factors influence risk of related infection or susceptibility of a disease. The
assignment critically assesses the risk factors of different health issues in India and Senegal.
The essay will describe the crisis and outbreaks with the reference of population mortality
rate and burden of disease.
Discussion
Risk factors
In India, it has been observed that tuberculosis, respiratory diseases, malaria,
cardiovascular diseases, diarrheal diseases, malignant and another kind of tumours are some
most prevalent diseases. Respiratory infections, hepatitis A, malaria, typhoid fever are
predominant among the people of Senegal(Seck et al., 2017). Different types of risk factors
(such as behavioural, physiological, demographic, environmental and genetic ) can cause
health issues in a population. Risk factors for tuberculosis in India are associated with HIV,
diabetes Mellitus, low body weight and lack of nutrition. In India, pulmonary or respiratory
diseases are caused by some predominant risk factors such as smoking, occupational
exposure to dust and chemicals, exposure to the poisoned gases and family history related to
lung diseases. For malaria, some risk factors can be selected, such as low utilisation of
insecticidal treated bed nets or mosquito nets, indoor residual spray, mosquito repellents in
daily lives. Stagnant water sites are predominantly, lack of maintenance of drainage systems
are some environmental risk factors for malaria as mosquitoes are prone to breed in these
sites. Tobacco smoking, high blood pressure and obesity are some predominant risk factors
for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in Senegal. Women, children and older adults are
considered as the vulnerable populations in Senegal. The tribal communities are regarded as a
vulnerable population with the above-discussed population in India.

2Risk factors and susceptible population
Outbreaks and crises
2.74 million cases of tuberculosis are found every year in India, and this disease is
one of the highest-rated illness in India (Muttamba et al.,2019). In 2014, 5-24 cases per 1000
were found in Senegal. COPD is the second highest cause of death in India, and
approximately 1 million patients were affected in 2017 by this disease(apps.who.int, 2020).
In 2015, the outbreak of Chikungunya wad observed in Senegal and Ministry of Health and
Social Affairs were collaborated with WHO to defend the active the circulation of
chikungunya virus.
Population mortality rates
According to a report, in Senegal approximately in an average, 10000 people have
died every year. Due to COPD, 100000 people are been killed among both the sexes and the
standardised age for the COPD mortality is 64.7 years. WHO estimated that around 15000
deaths are observed per year in India and near about 5000 children and 10000 adults. 121
deaths per 1000 in 2005 and 58% drop can be found from 2005 to 2016.
Burden of diseas
In India, 61% of disease burden for communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional
diseases (Lobato & Mello, 2018). From 1990, 1.5 to 2.6 million cases are recorded, and 1000
deaths per year in India.2.2 million cases of tuberculosis for India out of 9.6 million cases in
global incidence.1.6 million people died in Senegal, and 140 cases were recorded in every
100000 inhabitants.

3Risk factors and susceptible population
Conclusion
The essay concludes the rate of mortality and disease burden in India and
Senegal.Risk factors influence people’s chances for susceptibility to disease. The vulnerable
populations of both countries are discussed in the assignment. From the above discussion it
can be concluded that exposure to the risk factors of most prevalent diseases can influence
mortality rate in the vulnerable population of both the countries.

4Risk factors and susceptible population
References
apps.who.int. (2020). GHO | By country | India - statistics summary (2002 - present).
Retrieved 11 January 2020, from http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.country.country-
IND
Lobato, A. B., & Mello, A. (2018). 1.3 The Global Burden of Disease. Essentials of Global
Health, 14.
Muttamba, W., Kirenga, B., Ssengooba, W., Sekibira, R., Katamba, A., & Joloba, M. L.
(2019). Prevalence of Tuberculosis Risk Factors among Bacteriologically Negative
and Bacteriologically Confirmed Tuberculosis Patients from Five Regional Referral
Hospitals in Uganda. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 100(2),
386-391.
Seck, M. C., Thwing, J., Fall, F. B., Gomis, J. F., Deme, A., Ndiaye, Y. D., ... & Ndiaye, D.
(2017). Malaria prevalence, prevention and treatment seeking practices among
nomadic pastoralists in northern Senegal. Malaria journal, 16(1), 413.