Health Screening Report: Health Risks and Screening in England

This report provides an overview of health screening, focusing on bowel cancer and individual health within the context of England. It begins by defining health screening and its importance in early disease detection and treatment. The report then explores the demographic factors that influence individual health, including age, rural-urban composition, income, population, housing, and gender, detailing their impact on health outcomes. It further examines an individual's current health and well-being status, outlining common health screenings such as cholesterol tests, blood pressure tests, mammograms, diabetes tests, STD screenings, and colorectal cancer screenings. The report also discusses the health risks prevalent in England, including COVID-19, newborn hearing loss, and prostate cancer, emphasizing the need for preventative measures and early detection. Finally, it defines health screening, highlighting its advantages, such as early disease detection and risk identification, and disadvantages, including potential costs and false positives. The report concludes by emphasizing the significance of health screening for improving public health and individual well-being.

Screening
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
Background .....................................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY ..................................................................................................................................3
Demographic factors of the individual .......................................................................................3
Individual's current health and wellbeing status ........................................................................4
Health risk of individual in England ..........................................................................................5
Define the health screening and it's advantages/disadvantages .................................................6
Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................................8
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INTRODUCTION
Health screening is defined as an effective way for detecting a particular disease or
condition at early stages. This screening is done at the time when there is no existence of any
symptom or sign of the disease. When the disease is detected at early stage then it helps to get
right treatment at right time. It helps to improve the care that patients can be given for better
control over the health. This essay will discuss about health screening of bowel cancer. It helps
to manage the number of individuals who are suffering from bowel cancer. Measuring the health
of an individual is important from a public health and health promotion point of view as it helps
to know about different perspectives of the treatment provided for bowel cancer.
Background
It can be stated that at the early 1940's, there was evolution of benefits related to health
screening. These are developed for disease prevention and identification of individuals suffering
from tuberculosis. There is need to provide effective treatment for the TB patients as this disease
can spread easily. TB was introduced at the start of second world war (Callander, and et.al,
2019). The mass Miniature radiography spread in several western countries and it helped in
improving the health condition of patients. This is need to manage the effectiveness of screening
on regular basis. The concept of ‘measuring health’ means that different individuals are assessed
on the basis of different factors that are involved within providing good health to individuals.
Screening has important ethical differences from clinical practice as the health service is
targeting apparently healthy people and offering to help individuals make better informed
choices about their health. However, there are risks involved and it is important that people have
realistic expectations of what a screening programme can deliver. Whilst screening has the
potential to save lives, and/or to improve quality of life through early diagnosis of serious
conditions, it is not a fool-proof process.
MAIN BODY
Demographic factors of the individual
It refers to the data in which the socio-economic transformation are expressed
statistically on the basis of the income, employment marriage rate, birth rate which affect the
organisation. The problems faced by the business is that they pay less attention on the
demographic factors which affect the business (Farzana, Valizadeh,and Parde, 2020).
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Demographic factors are very important and also affect the health of the individual like blood
pressure, cholesterol, Diabetes , cancer and many others. There are many other factors which
affects the business which are described below:
 Age: The age function in the country describe the marriage age , migration etc. which is
affected by the population of the the nation. It has the various socio-economic impacts on
the individual health also. Diabetes is the disease which is now occurring in the age of the
children also of the age 10-15 years. The blood pressure and cholesterol are in the age the
people mostly who are above the age of 22 . The cancer is disease which mostly occur in
the person above the age of 40 years.
 Rural- urban composition: The rural urban composition refers to the migration of the
people from the rural areas to the urban areas but the diseases are differentiated according
to the place like in rural areas the diseases are less as compared to the disease in the urban
areas cholesterol level is high as compared to the rural areas as in urban areas people
prefer fast foods (Kaiser, and et.al, 2019).
 Income: income is also the demographic factors which affect the organisation and also
sometimes create the health problem for the individual. Income is the biggest issue and
the important part of the life of the individual by which the person get affected easily .
The person who does not have the income have the high stress level which affect the
health of the individual high stress may sometimes cause the brain tumour which leads to
death of the individual.
 Population: It is a factor which affect the health of the individual as now a days the
population is increasing which affect the health of the people as there are some disease
which can be easily transmitted to the other people like COVID 19 this disease spread
through transmission and in the places where is high population disease will spread
easily. So the population is the biggest factor.
 Housing: Housing is also the biggest factor which affect the health of the individual as
the person having the poor living conditions and not a proper house with dirt affect the
health of the individual. Mammograms, Osteoporosis and Pap Smear Tests these are the
diseases which affect the health of the individual as especially for the women and
children who live in the house and do the house hold activities.
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 Gender: Different genders have the different health issues and this is very important
demographic factor affecting the health (McLennan, McTavish, and MacMillan, 2020).
The women's have the high health issues and the stress of the women is high as compared
to males. Genders have the direct impact on the health of the individual.
Individual's current health and wellbeing status
There is a common list that consists of common tests to be conducted at a health screening. The
different tests involved are given on the following table -
Cholesterol test This is checked when the individual is smoker,
obese or involved in frequently drinking.
Blood pressure test It is known as one of the most important test
which can be conducted. When blood pressure
is high then there are further tests undertaken
for determining the reason for high BP.
Mammograms, Osteoporosis and Pap Smear
Tests
This is a type of test undertaken for preventing
cervical cancer and breast cancer. These are
also helpful in preventing cervical cancer and
breast cancer and other women related cancer.
Diabetes test In this, patients must check for diabetes if they
are having family history or they have high
cholesterol or BP (Remien, and et.al, 2019).
STDs This test is necessary for those whose sexually
active. This test is generally for those people
who have more than one sexual partner.
Screening of STDs are highly recommended
for such people.
Colorectal cancer This type of test is recommended for the
individuals who are above 50 age group. This
test provides information about inflammatory
bowel disorder, inherited mutations, gene
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defects and colorectal polyps.
Prostate Cancer Tests This test is for males and they should get tested
if they are obese and having high level of
testosterone (Popov, Phoenix, and King,
2019).
Health risk of individual in England
There are the various health issues in the England which affect the lifestyle of the employees
disease like the cancer of the neck which affect the health of the business these health issues in
this aortic aneurysm is the swelling that occur in the main blood cell of the human body there are
some test like screening test which affect the health of the individual living in the England. The
disease which is spreading in the COVID 19 by which the many people are affected and no cure
of the disease is found out. The COVID 19 has the impact on the each and the every individual
life and the till date cure is to have a social distancing, wearing of mask and the satanize the
hands regularly which is the best precautions find. COVID 19 has the impact on the life of the
individual because of this disease the rate of the death is also increased in the year 2019.
Newborn Hearing is the another disease by which the children get affected easily. In this the
every one to two children in the every 1000 are born with the hearing loss of at least one ear and
the disease mostly occurred in the families who do not have the history background of this
disease (Willey, and et.al, 2020). The proper treatment is done for the children in every two
weeks after they born and have good medical check ups. If the precautions are taken early then
the check ups can be made easily and the treatment done should provide the benefits which affect
the health of the children. Prostate cancer is very common in the England in this the men are
affected because of the disease the death rates of man is increasing proper treatment is required
in the disease at the starting age only so that the decision should be taken before accordingly the
treatment is provided to the person suffering from this disease. There are various screening tests
done in the organisation and on the basis of that the treatment is provided which help in taking
the decision about the cure of disease. There are the various diseases which affect the health of
the individual and for treating them proper cure is taken. COVID has no cure but the safety is in
the hands of the individual only and many other disease which are faced by the individual should
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have proper screening test and the other test on that basis only the precautions are given to the
individual. For the newborn hearing disease the precautions for the children's are taken on the
early basis so that they can have no issues regarding this problem in the future. Some health issue
have the long term side effects on the health of the individual and treatment may sometime have
the severe reaction on the body of the individual. The health risk of the individual is very high as
there are many diseases which affect the life of the people and have the long term side effects
which may cause in the future.
Define the health screening and it's advantages/disadvantages
There are several benefits that are ensuring optimal health for every individual. This is a
priority of community to focus upon health screening. This leads to manage the health screening
of an individual for proper management. Some of the benefits of health screening are mentioned
below -
Advantages of health screening
 When there is early detection of diseases, it can result in better understanding of the
disease occurrence and condition that it creates while managing the individual benefit.
 Health screening is helpful in identification of risks involved within patients and future as
well as previous information of diseases that are present in an individual.
 Health screening is helpful for identifying the treatment and process for managing
different type of health issues that have arouse within an area.
 The health screening can also help people who are having family history of
cardiovascular diseases, diabetes or stroke.
 This provides the information about preventing and treating different type of diseases
from which the patients suffer.
 There is a major risk factor involving different life altering diseases which is age. If there
is early detection and treatment of disease then body can be given best defence against
the diseases.
The individuals who are below 30 years of age, there is need to have health screening
once in two years. For individuals who are above 30 must frequently conduct the health
screening. People who are above 50 years must show up for various age related screening tests.
Disadvantages of health screening
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There are some downside of testing. First of all, there is added cost of screening tests for
patients and their insurance company. There is an emotional energy which is spent on false
positive results. There must be discovering of false positive results . There are several tests
which can lead to false diagnosis. This is important for managing the better outcome of results as
people are waiting to know the diagnosis. Testing for prostate cancer screening is helpful for
men to live significantly longer.
Conclusion
From the above discussion, it is concluded that screening is not only a gold standard as
the examination method but it is also an ideal screening method. The screening method is not
able to reveal all types of cancer. There are different screening methods in project naming
flexible signmoidoscopy and stool test. These tests are successful in discovering upto 70% of
tumours in rectum and colon. A positive test can be false alarm. There are eight out of ten
individuals who are told that they are having hidden blood in stools but they do not have cancer.
It is more possible for having polyps. It is more effective for preventing development of cancer.
It is evaluated that individuals of UK are experiencing Bowel cancer and this can be evaluated
that screening helps to interrogate which disease is affecting the individual.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Callander, D., and et.al, 2019. O11. 4 Trans and gender diverse people’s experiences of sexual
health care are associated with sexual health screening uptake.
Farzana, S., Valizadeh, M. and Parde, N., 2020, May. Modeling dialogue in conversational
cognitive health screening interviews. In Proceedings of The 12th Language Resources
and Evaluation Conference (pp. 1167-1177).
Kaiser, B.N., and et.al, 2019. Adapting culturally appropriate mental health screening tools for
use among conflict-affected and other vulnerable adolescents in Nigeria. Global Mental
Health, 6.
McLennan, J.D., McTavish, J.R. and MacMillan, H.L., 2020. Routine screening of ACEs:
Should we or shouldn’t we?. In Adverse Childhood Experiences (pp. 145-159).
Academic Press.
Popov, N., Phoenix, M. and King, G., 2019. To screen or not to screen? Exploring the value of
parent mental health screening in children’s rehabilitation services. Disability and
Rehabilitation, pp.1-7.
Remien, R.H., and et.al, 2019. Mental health and HIV/AIDS: the need for an integrated
response. AIDS (London, England), 33(9), p.1411.
Van Deinse, T.B., Cuddeback, G.S., Wilson, A.B., Lambert, M. and Edwards, D., 2019. Using
statewide administrative data and brief mental health screening to estimate the
prevalence of mental illness among probationers. Probation Journal, 66(2), pp.236-247.
Willey, S.M., and et.al, 2020. Implementing innovative evidence-based perinatal mental health
screening for women of refugee background. Women and Birth, 33(3), pp.e245-e255.
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