Analysis of Care Needs and Support Systems in Health and Social Care

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of health and social care, focusing on the concepts of disability, illness, and behavior, and how perceptions of specific needs have evolved over time. It explores the impact of legislation, social policy, society, and culture on the availability of services, and analyzes the care needs of individuals with specific requirements. The report further explains current support systems, evaluates available services, and details various approaches and interventions to support individuals, including an evaluation of their effectiveness. Additionally, it addresses the potential impacts of emerging developments in support and examines different concepts of challenging behaviors and strategies for managing them within health and social care organizations. The report uses a case study of an individual named Hannah to illustrate many of the points raised.

Understanding Specific Needs
in Health and Social Care

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1 ...........................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Analyse concepts of disability, illness and behaviour......................................................3
1.2 How perceptions of specific needs changed over time....................................................4
1.3 Impact of legislation, social policy, society and culture on availability of services........5
TASK 2 ...........................................................................................................................................6
2.1 Analyse the care needs of individuals with specific needs...............................................6
2.2 Explain current systems for supporting individuals with specific needs.........................7
2.3 Evaluate the services available in a chosen locality.........................................................8
TASK 3 ...........................................................................................................................................9
3.1 Explain approaches and interventions available to support individuals...........................9
3.2 Evaluate effectiveness of interventions strategies for an individual..............................10
3.3 Potential impacts of emerging developments in support for individuals.......................10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................11
4.1 Explain different concepts of challenging behaviours...................................................11
4.2 Potential impact of challenging behaviour on health & social care organisations.........12
4.3 Analyse strategies for working with challenging behaviours.........................................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION
Health & social care refers to a wide industry in which medical practices and clinical
activities are carried out for making people healthy. It includes to conduct different procedures
and activities to given desired medications for sick people to make then well being. However, it
consist authorised medical professionals such as nursing staff, surgeons, specialists, psychiatrist
and many more (Rogers and Eliott, 2018). These practitioners are responsible for conducting
different activities like diagnosis and treatment in order to maintain betterment of health status of
citizens. However, the care practitioners also conduct research to analyse pattern of disease in
people and make an effective interventions to prevent the same. The present report is based on
case study of Hannah as she is a busy, bright young lady who loves her life and everything that
she can pack into it. She is a wheelchair user but it will never stop her doing anything at all in
life. This assignment will focus on concepts of disability, illness & behaviours and impacts of
legislation, social policy and culture on healthcare services. It will also includes current systems,
approaches and interventions available for supporting individuals with specific needs. The
potential impact of challenging behaviour on health & social organisations is given below.
TASK 1
1.1 Analyse concepts of disability, illness and behaviour
Concept can be described as mental representations, abstract objects or abilities that
make up fundamental building blocks of beliefs and thoughts. Basically, it means an idea or
invention in order to help sell or publicise commodity (Glasby, 2017).
Health can be defined as a state of an individual of complete emotional, social and
physical well being. It is not only a situation to remain disease free but to have a capability to
recover and bounce back from illness and other issues. However, there are number of factors
which are connected with a better health such as genetics, relationships, atmosphere and
education. Moreover, a regular exercise, healthy & balanced diet, screening for diseases and
coping strategies can entire expand health of an individual.
Illness refers to a particular situation which facilitate prevention of human body and
mind to perform normally due to presence of disease or sickness. It can be explained as an
experience of signs which are not able to determine via biomedical categories of disease

including causes like supernatural factors, natural forces, emotions and interpersonal
components.
Behaviour refers to action and reaction of a person under specific circumstances by
controlling themselves in a desired manner. It can also defined as an aggregate of the responses
or reactions or movements prepared by an individual in specific situation (Söderqvist, Sjöblom
and Bülow, 2016).
Disability can be described as a situation or function judged to be significantly impaired
relative to the usual standard of a person or group. It can be considered as a condition in which
an individual is disable by specific part of body which create difficulty in their lives for
conducting certain functions. It includes different types of impairments including sensory,
physical, cognitive, intellectual mental illness and several kinds of chronic disease.
Primary standard of disability includes such reactions that reflect most directly
underlying brain and central nervous system damage caused through prenatal exposure to
alcohol. Basically, it consist growth retardation, poor executive functioning, memory problems,
facial features, impaired judgement and other effects. In contrary to this, secondary standard of
disability refers to those kinds of disabilities that an individual was not born with which can be
ameliorated with the help of better understanding and effective interventions.
Medical model states that people are disabled by their own impairments or differences
whereas Social model provide concept that disability is caused by the way of society is
organised. It has been recommended that social model is helpful for Hannah as she is using
wheelchair then ramp can be added to buildings for making society favourable for her to get easy
entrance (Little and Mount, 2018).
1.2 How perceptions of specific needs changed over time
Perception refers to a procedure through that a person choose, organise and interpret
stimuli in meaningful as well as coherent picture of specific atmosphere in which they exist.
16th century - In context of 16th century, the people are violent in that time and murder
level has been increased to higher levels. But after some time, people have changed their
perceptions towards violence and the murder rate started decreasing which helps to begin
creation of peaceful environment. Better communication facilitate to government to act regularly
laws get changed for improving safety of people (Bookey‐Bassett and et. al., 2017). The
treatments which were provided were not good, they entirely depended on Ayurvedic medicines

for treating them which also lead to infections and then death. This depicts that in terms of
treatment there was nothing, it was just individuals have to fight for their survival. This denotes
lack of services as patients just have to wait for death and they can't do anything rather than this
as treatments were not available.
19th century - In 19th century, Queen Victoria ruled over England and Britain saw
tremendous economic and industrial growth because of Industrial Revolution and the invention
of steam engine. People gave such a perception that third class of unskilled workers are
considered as underclass individuals. There is not legislation at that time for saving these citizens
from any kind of abuse or problem. Improvements were started as things were changing though
there was in ways the people were treated but still the technology was not so enhanced and every
individual did not had appropriate funds by which they can travel to other country to have better
services. This has made patients to survive but all the diseases were not curable.
21st century - 21st century is today's time where people become more educated and broad
minded through using technology for every aspect of their daily life. People have perception in
believe in practical concepts rather than superstitions. Laws and rules become more strict to
prevent child labour and improved health of people. At present scenario, there have been lots of
advancements even Government is providing services as minimal and even free services for
individuals so that they can lead a health life. These advancements has lead to creation of better
living standards of individuals as they have treatment for maximum of diseases.
It has been recommended that legal regulations should be more strict for reducing factor
of inequality among people while seeking for healthcare services. It is suggested to provide
guidelines to practitioners to given equal and appropriate medical facilities to needy person of
every community.
1.3 Impact of legislation, social policy, society and culture on availability of services
Legislation refers to a statutory law which can be established by governing or legislature
body and implementing the same for improving peace in country. Policy can be defined as a
course or principle of action which can be adopted or proposed by an organisation or individual.
Culture arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively
including different cultural norms from which a person belongs to (Orthwein, 2017).
Legislation includes Care Act 2014 which has a main principle of protecting vulnerable
adults from mistreatments along with boosting up their quality of life. It consist Mental Capacity

Act 2005 guide practitioners to provide legal framework for acting and making decisions on
behalf of adults who lack ability to make specific decisions. However, Equality Act 2010 provide
instructions to care practitioners for maintaining equality and provide effective & appropriate
facility to every person for their well being. Moreover, Data Protection Act 2018 states that
healthcare organisations should follow strict rules to increase security of personal information of
their customer.
Social policies consist to focus on certain factors like physical atmosphere, air pollution
and extra use of auto mobiles to reduce relevant health problems. It consist to behave equal with
people suffering from a disability or disease and support them to recover from the same easily.
However, social policy of establishing charity fund which can help patient to deal with severe
health problem to become healthy.
The legislation of maintaining equality is helpful to every person for gaining correct
medical facility when required to remain well being. It will impacts positively on those
communities who are restricted by society to gain better services for remaining healthy.
Comparatively, few of individuals can create issue to get facilities prior which impacts
negatively as it is not favourable for providing care services to people properly (Kattari and
Hasche, 2016).
The social policy of establishing charity funds impacts positively on those people who
are not capable to afford expensive treatment to get desired facilities. However, it can misused
by someone which impacts negatively on mind set of people due to which they end may charity
funds. In context of Hannah, Prince's Trust should follow overall legislations while treating her
for improving her standards of living. It has been recommended that social policies should be
made to support disable individuals like Hannah for making their lives healthy and happy.
TASK 2
2.1 Analyse the care needs of individuals with specific needs
Care needs refers to requirements of an individual which are generated due to presence
of illness, injury or disease to be addressed by providing desired medication and treatment. It
includes different types of desires such as learning needs, physiological needs, psychological
needs, emotional and mobility requirements. The needs of an individuals can be well defined
with the help of Maslow's hierarchy of needs which are explained here (Palumbo, 2016).

Maslow hierarchy of needs provide a framework in which he states that individuals can
encouraged to attain their several requirements. It includes different types of needs through
which a person can be motivated to improve their productivity and efficiency for completing the
actual desires (Regulations for service providers and managers: relevant legislation. 2019).
Initially, physiological needs consist the basic requirements of human being for survival
includes food, shelter, clothing, air, water, warmth, sex and sleep. Secondly, safety needs
involves desire of protection such as order, law, stability, freedom from fear, security and
protecting elements. Thirdly, love & belongingness needs involves factor of trust, intimacy,
friendship & acceptance, receiving and giving love & affection. In addition to this, esteem needs
of an individual consist dignity, achievement, mastery, independence and desire for reputation or
respect from other people. At last but not the least, self actualisation needs involves realisation
of own capability or potential, self fulfilment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences.
In context of Hannah, it is essential for Prince's Trust to determine her needs and
motivate her through them to put efforts for improving her living of standards. It has been
recommended that each kind of need related to patient should be identified for motivating them
and make them overall well being (Green and Thorogood, 2018).
2.2 Explain current systems for supporting individuals with specific needs
The system refers to a collection of number of polices and practices which is considered
by employees to conduct their daily routine work at work place. It includes the criteria to follow
set guidelines to complete regular tasks in healthcare in order to provide correct medications and
treatment. The current systems which are used for supporting individuals having specific need
are given below.
Statutory system can be described as governmental framework including practices and
procedures to be conducted by obeying legislations in correct way. It includes to consider overall
legal rules related to health & social care while providing desired treatment to patient.
Meanwhile, this system should be followed by every health organisation running on small or
large level to provide care facilities for make people well being. For example, the given
organisation can use statutory system to make correct decision making regarding medical
facilities for Hannah by eliminating related issues to gain better outcomes. Like it comprises of
The Electricity at Work Regulations, 1989, The Provision and Use of Work Equipment

Regulations 1998 and The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999. These
laws will assist individuals to have appropriate services without any kind of hindrance.
Voluntary system refers to a set of practices which are preferred by voluntary
organisations having a goal to provide care services for free of cost to gain betterment of health
condition of citizens. These institutions are mainly established to help poor people who are not
able to afford expensive medical facilities for welfare of them (Golightley and Goemans, 2017).
For example, poor people can gain benefits of voluntary system in terms of achieving desired
medical facilities to become healthy. Like YMCA, World Vision, Bell and Melinda Gates
Foundation, World Wildlife Fund and there are many others which renders services to health
patient. They assists patients to have the services which they cannot even think off due to high
cost. These firms or systems assists in having adequate services by which they are treated in an
appropriate manner.
In context of Hannah, the Price's Trust should obey voluntary system as it is a charitable
trust which helps individuals to overcome with their disabilities to gain a comfortable lives.
Considering above system, it has recommended that effective practices are required to be adopt
in order to make more people healthy by their efforts.
2.3 Evaluate the services available in a chosen locality
Barnet is known as suburban London Borough in North London, England and it is
responsible for forming outer part of the city. It can be considered as the largest London Borough
by population and it was established in the year around 1965 from parts of countries. In context
of Hannah, she is suffering from the problem of cerebral palsy related to which certain services
are available in Barnet. It has been analysed that there are number of services are available for
individuals facing problem of cerebral palsy such as leisure centres, leisure pass, disability
sports and Barnet development team. However, Barnet Youth services is also helpful for
such people because it is passionate regarding creation of opportunities for young people to
develop, learn, thrive and become the best that they can be. It also includes several facilities like
childcare, support for parents & families, Fostering & adopting, keeping children safe,
Barnet children & young people plan and Barnet Children's services – our improvement
journey.
Benefits and disadvantages of services available in Barnet
Benefit Disadvantage

These services provides a benefit for
individuals having cerebral palsy for
improving their comfort level and make them
able to spend their lives properly.
The services available in this borough are
helpful to make families of patient strong to
deal with such situations and become well-
being.
It has a disadvantage that these facilities are
not accessed by every needy person due to lack
of information about availability of these
facilities.
It has been suggested to these organisations to
improve awareness among individuals to get
benefits from them to become well being
(Corrigan and et. Al., 2017).
TASK 3
3.1 Explain approaches and interventions available to support individuals
An approach can be described as a away of looking at teaching and learning. It will
develop methods of teaching something and make learners able to learn. Intervention refers to
an action which are taken to improve a condition of medical disorder. However, the approaches
consist the methods of diagnosing cerebral palsy in an individual which helps to determine more
effective as well as efficient clinical practices to treat this condition.
The approaches to cerebral palsy includes magnetic resonance imaging, cranial
ultrasound, electroencephalogram (EEG), laboratory tests for screening genetic and metabolic
problems. It includes to approach of conduct other tests to determine issues faced by an
individual including impairment of vision, hearing & speech delays, intellectual disabilities,
movement disorder and other development delays (Mincolelli, Marchi and Imbesi, 2017).
The intervention to cerebral palsy consist long term care of patient by a team of desired
care professionals. It involves paediatrician, paediatric neurologist, orthopaedic surgeon,
physical therapist, occupational therapist, speech language pathologist, developmental therapist,
mental health specialist, recreation therapist, social workers and special education teacher.
Meanwhile, the intervention of medications involves isolated spasticity including
abotulinumtoxinA (Botox) injections directly into the muscle, nerve or both and generalised
spasticity considering drugs like diazepam (Valium), dantrolene (Dantrium) and baclofen
(Gablofen). In addition to this, number of therapies are also applicable for such individuals such

as physical, occupational, speech & language and recreational therapy. Moreover, some of
effective surgical methods are also applicable like orthopaedic surgery and severing nerves. In
context of Hannah, it is necessary to provide her desired therapies and medications for making
her life comfortable respectively (Brownson, Colditz and Proctor, eds., 2018). It has been
recommended that appropriate approach of diagnosis should be used for determining actual
problem and cause in respect to provide correct treatment for supporting individuals with
specific needs due to presence of cerebral palsy.
3.2 Evaluate effectiveness of interventions strategies for an individual
Intervention strategies can be described as effective actions which are conducted to
improve condition of an individual. The approach of conducting diagnosing procedures are
beneficial to determine actual cause behind abnormality occurs in human body. It will facilitate
to make correct decision of providing desired treatment in order to make patient well being.
However, it has been analysed that diagnosing methods like magnetic resonance imaging, cranial
ultrasound, electroencephalogram (EEG), laboratory tests to identify problem of Hannah to give
her appropriate medications. In contrary to this, this approach has a limitation that every
diagnosing method is not applicable in each case of sick individuals who were suffering from
cerebral palsy (Hubley and Copeman, 2018).
At the other hand, interventions of treatment, medications and therapies are much
effective and beneficial to improve condition of a person. These medications and therapies can
used as per requirements for increasable comfort level of patient make them easy to conduct
several activities by their own. It will make them feel independent and free which is very
important to remain happy. Comparatively, it has limitation that every treatment technique is not
applicable for each patient then it is necessary to carefully implement any of medication or
treatment activity. It may create negative reactions of medications on body according to immune
system of particular patient.
3.3 Potential impacts of emerging developments in support for individuals
Development refers to an aspect that meets current requirements without compromising
the ability of future generations to complete their own needs. There are number of emerging
developments which are observed in health & social care that are supportive to fulfil individuals
with specific needs like Hannah. Initially, it includes development of technology which has
been adopted by care organisations to improve accuracy of patient information and maintain

their security for making accurate decision making for giving effective treatment for their
wellness. However, the development in medical field consist to use biotechnology in order to
treat severe health problems in less duration of time with more efficient outcomes. In addition to
this, legislation become more strict and significant to reduce factor of inequality while people
seeking for care facilities with the help of Equality Act 2010. In context of Hannah, care
practitioners remain in touch with her and monitor every time via technological equipments and
never feel discriminated while gaining care facilities. It is favourable for her to spend an
independent and comfortable life ahead (Giger, 2016). The specific technologies consist use of
technical aids like wheelchair, hearing aids, sensors, pocket coach to conduct daily routine work
on time and so on. These technological devices are supportive in case of Hannah and make her
capable to live independently and gain confidence to enjoy life. Automatic wheelchairs are
available which can be Hannah as she was physically disabled. This will assist to move in
different locations as per their wish rather than depending upon someone else to take her. Due to
cerebral palsy she has lost her moments and also had problems related with hearing. For this
hearing devices can be utilised so that Hannah can have appropriate conversation and be a active
part of that.
TASK 4
4.1 Explain different concepts of challenging behaviours
It is widely recognised that people with a learning disability are at increased risk of various
mental and physical health problems. In addition, some engage in such behaviour that has been
called as challenging (Fisher and Royster 2016). Therefore, challenging behaviour is refer as “
culturally abnormal behaviour of such an intensity, frequency or duration that the physical safety
of person or others is likely to be placed in serious jeopardy which is likely to seriously limit or
deny access to use of ordinary community facilities”. Moreover, it is describes as negative
behaviour which is often complex, erratic, unpredictable and difficult to work with and or
control. A person with challenging behaviour is not a problem to be fixed and is not doing
something wrong. But action is a sign that something is not working as it shows that some
unfulfilled need or a problem with communication. It can be self-hurting, aggressive,
stereotyped, non-person directed and many more which impact over entire body functions
(Cimperman, Brenčič and Trkman, 2016). However, there are several concepts regarding

challenging behaviour as those are classified into three division i.e. pre scientific, scientific and
social constructive. Each of the period gave its own way of explaining concerning this disability
learning disease. In context of pre scientific scholars signifies that every human being is a
creation of God as they were formed wonderfully and fearfully, that’s why they are a unique
conception which divinity placed in this world. But as the time passes, scholars perception
changed and that scientific period, where they seek challenging behaviour personnel as a
mentally and physically disabled person who is different from normal human being in every
aspect like in communication, attitude, movements etc. On the other hand, social conservative
states that challenging behaviour is related with postmodernism and post structuralism in which a
child or individual face difficulty in learning or adapting anything from their surrounding
environment as they will be very aggressive, getting irritate, addicted to alcohol or drugs which
makes them keep aloof from everyone as they prefer to live alone and fears to face crowd
(Redmond, 2017). However, challenging behaviour is very complex disease yet a personality
like Hannah who dares to be different from others which made her to overcome on fear, lack of
confidence, anxiety, depression, negative thoughts etc. and enable to become a supporting
shoulder for many who are suffering from this same kind of disability in their life.
4.2 Potential impact of challenging behaviour on health & social care organisations
There are several reaction of society towards this disease that must be understood by social care
givers. Thy involves simple and complex reaction such as isolating and individuals, treating
them in different manner, not providing positive response towards them and many more which
has impact over challenging behaviour individuals. Such loneliness leads to inability of affected
individuals to communicate, memory problems, inability to receive care, addiction and lack of
emotional or financial support which they need direly. Therefore, there have also been witnessed
different challenging behaviour within healthcare organisations like NHS, The Disability Trust
and because of such issues companies have to come up with modification in existing or new
polices so as to cope such challenges (Ma, Chan and Loke, 2017). Yet, there are several risk to
both caregiver and person with special need. Some of the risk factor by health and social care
organisation in handling challenging behaviour individuals which are as mentioned below:
Damages to individuals and property: In this, challenging behaviour person is very
hyperactive in nature which made them more energetic to become unaware of danger and destroy
individual body as well as properties. This has huge influence over an organisation because such

kind of person behave unexpectedly which becomes more challenging for staff to handle them as
an individual’s begins to verbally abusing each other, hitting, punching, scratching, biting etc.
Due to this, it generate huge cost to health care in managing or handling them in a better way.
Frustration of staff: The another factor which they perform is, such kind of person
becomes more stereotype in nature as they act as repetitive movements, rocking, care giver
irritating and anger and it badly impact over such suffering patients emotions or morale.
However, care giver should be able to control over their emotions and treat them very politely
and friendly so that they can easily come out from their depression and disability.
4.3 Analyse strategies for working with challenging behaviours
Some of the techniques or methods which health care organisation can adopt in order to provide
effective treatment or service to challenging behaviour manpower that is described below:
De-escalating tactics: If a student or person becoming agitated, but their behaviour is not
placing them or others in harm, use the restrain and seclusion de-escalation tactics which
include:
 Using active listening technique
 Acknowledging students underlying or expressed emotions like angers/distress.
 Keeping verbal instruction simple and minimal.
Some of the advantages and disadvantages of this are explained below:
Benefits: It enable an organisation to communicate with an agitated client in order to understand,
manage and resolve patients concerns. Moreover, it reduces individuals aggression level and help
them to handle any complex or critical situation which improve their morale and confidence
level.
Drawbacks: One of the foremost shortcoming in this is that it usually prefer verbal
communication which may restricts those individuals who are poor or weak in listening. Due to
which they confidence or will power level will get decrease and influence their surroundings
effectively.
Behavioural management plan: Where students repeatedly demonstrate challenging behaviour,
schools or health care organisations should implement more structure intervention strategies as
part of a staged response to address the behaviour (Pahl, 2016). It includes strategies to remove

triggers of behaviour, tactics to address situation that may cause behaviour etc. The elements
which is come under plan are as follows:
 Gathering relevant information about students.
 Convene a meeting of relevant school staff and parents.
 Urging to parents or school employees to draft BMP
 Refine behavioural management plan (BMP)
 Sign BMP
 Provide a copy to staff
 Review the same and conclude it with corrective course of action in order to provide
complete cure to challenging behaviour patients.
Advantage: It is most essential or powerful determinant in enhancing or enriching each students
behaviour or attitude towards particular situation as well as enable them to cope with that in a
better manner.
Disadvantage: It leads to high level of frustration or irritation among students if it is not utilised
properly which greatly influence their attitude.
Positive Reinforcement: This strategy is considered as one of the most effective and
productive source as it includes various incentive level which will be giving at the time of
acquirement of desired behaviour from patients or individuals.
Positive: It improves individuals performance as well as help them to tolerate with all
challenging or stress level which bring positive attitude in a better way.
Negative: It reduces the power of signals and also lead to fatigue among students.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it has been concluded that health & social care can be defined as a
broad industry including medical practices to be carried out for wellness of people. It includes
health, illness, behaviour, disability with its primary & secondary standard along with medical
model & social model in which social model is applicable in given case study. However, it
consist legislations such as Care Act 2014, Mental Capacity Act 2005, Equality Act 2010 & Data
Protection Act 2018 and Social policies includes behave equal & establishing charity fund for
supporting people with specific needs. In addition to this, it involves care needs which can be
analysed by using Maslow hierarchy of needs like physiological needs, safety needs, love &
belongingness needs, esteem needs and self actualisation needs of an individual. Meanwhile, it

consist statutory and voluntary system which are used in governmental and non governmental
organisations. Moreover, it includes availability of services in local areas like leisure centres,
leisure pass, disability sports, Barnet development team and Barnet Youth services for
supporting individuals with cerebral palsy.

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Online
Regulations for service providers and managers: relevant legislation. 2019. [Online]. Available
through :<https://www.cqc.org.uk/guidance-providers/regulations-enforcement/
regulations-service-providers-managers-relevant>