Principles in Health and Social Care: Analysis and Evaluation

This report delves into the core principles of health and social care, focusing on their application in real-world scenarios. It begins by outlining the principles of support applicable to patient care, such as respecting patient preferences and ensuring continuity of care. The report then analyzes the advantages of a person-centered approach, emphasizing shared decision-making, digital health integration, and personalized care planning. It underscores the importance of adhering to this approach for service users. Furthermore, the report examines procedures for protecting clients, patients, and colleagues from harm, evaluating the effectiveness of interpersonal working within health and social care settings. Ethical dilemmas in providing care, such as conflicts arising from religious beliefs, are also addressed. The report explores the execution of policies, legislation, regulations, and codes of practice, while evaluating their impact on organizational policy and practices. It analyzes relevant theories and social processes affecting health and social care users, including marginalization and exclusion. Finally, it assesses roles, responsibilities, and accountabilities within a health and social care organization, offering recommendations for developing contributions to policy implementation.

PRINCIPLES IN
HEALTH AND SOCIAL
CARE

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................4
AC 1.1 Principles of support applicable to Bob's care ...............................................................4
AC 1.3 Analysing advantages of using a person centred approach for Bob...............................5
M3 Importance of adhering to person centred approach with services users ............................6
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
AC 1.2Procedure for protecting clients, patients and colleagues from harm..............................6
AC 3.3 Evaluating effectiveness of interpersonal working........................................................7
D3 Self evaluation ......................................................................................................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
AC 1.4 Ethical dilemmas/conflicts in providing care and support to Mrs. Helen......................8
D1 Self-criticism and justification for conclusions on ethical dilemmas and conflicts..............8
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
AC2.1 How policies, legislation, regulations and codes of practices are executed...................9
AC 2.2 How local policies and procedures can be developed according to national and policy
requirements................................................................................................................................9
AC 2.3 Evaluating impact of these policies and procedures on organisational policy and
practices.....................................................................................................................................10
AC 3.1 Theories that accentuate health and social care practices.............................................10
AC 3.2 Analysing how social processes like isolation and exclusion, marginalisation affect
health and social care users.......................................................................................................11
M1.............................................................................................................................................12
M2.............................................................................................................................................12
TASK 5..........................................................................................................................................12
AC 4.1 Roles, responsibilities, accountabilities and duties......................................................12
AC 4.2 Evaluating own contribution in development and implementation of health and social
care organisation policy............................................................................................................13
AC 4.3 Recommendation for developing own contributions....................................................13
D2 .............................................................................................................................................14

CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Health and social care sector has been an emerging sector to become the largest sector all
over the globe. The improvements and developments in health and social care industry has
resulted in a steady growth in the life expectancy and has also made improvements in the quality
standards of life. Afterwards, principles of health and social care practices has been emerging as
services sector with enormous potentiality. This is focused on living a health life by knowing
requirements and wants of patients and then reacting in accordance with it (Ayo, 2012). The
current changes being introduced by government in this industry has grabbed eyeballs of several
educated and technical experts and specialists towards this field. The idea of care homes is
gaining more popularity in the present era. Nevertheless, it is necessary to understand the general
processes and principles to be a care giver. The present report is prepared to explain principles of
support which are applicable to care of Bob who is deeply deaf and suffering with stress related
illness. Further the report will be throwing light on evaluation of effectiveness on interpersonal
working along with the procedure to protect clients, patients and peers from harm.
TASK 1
AC 1.1 Principles of support applicable to Bob's care
There are some principles of health and social care which should be noted to support care
of Bob who is suffering with so many diseases. These principles are explained below:
 Respect to Patient's preferences: Bob should be given some kind of freedom to live his
life on his own terms. The health and social care workers should not pressurise him to do
any activity which he is not interested, even it is for his betterment. The doctors should
make him control on his emotions an feelings which are negative such as his suicidal
tendencies (Cafazzo and et. al., 2012). The beliefs and culture of patients vary from each
other. The health and social care workers should give due respect to beliefs and culture of
Bob. When their beliefs and thoughts are respected, they develop a confidence and power
in themselves to fight with their illness.
 Coordination and Integration of Care: Patients like Bob should be handled with
utmost care and sensitivity. He is suffering with mental as well as physical pain which
need more care, affection and love for him.

 Information and education: Health and social care workers should pay attention on
three types of communication which are information on clinical status of Bob, hid
progress and prognosis, information on procedures of his care, and information for
facilitating independence, self-care and health promotion.
 Physical comfort: Doctors should focus on areas such as pain management, support in
activities and routine needs of Bob and hospital atmosphere.
 Emotional support: Doctors should try to support emotionally as Bob is developing a
suicidal tendency and self-harming (The Eight Principles of Patient-Centered Care,
2015).
 Involvement on family and friends: Health and social care workers should try to
involve family members and friends which will be a great support for his treatment.
 Continuity and transition: The doctors should express their concern even after Bob is
completely recovered from his illness.
 Access to care: Bob should be aware of locations of hospitals, doctor's office,
transportation facilities, schedules etc. as he is having multiple health problems.
AC 1.3 Analysing advantages of using a person centred approach for Bob
Person centred approach is judging the wants and requirements of patients, the type of
care which they need and the measures through which care can be provided to them. The main
components of person-centred approach are self management support, shared decision making,
digital health, health literacy, integrated care, personalised care and support planning, record
access and personal health budgets (Approaches and key components of person-centred care,
2017). The advantages of the three elements of person-centred approach for Bob are elaborate
here: Shared decision-making: This is a collaborative procedure under which Bob will be
supported by health professional for selecting treatment and care which is most suitable
fir him. When Bob will be involved in his treatment, it will reduce the stress and
depression from which he is suffering. Digital health: Under this different technologies are taken in use for supporting health
and care of Bob without need of visiting to hospital or any health and social care setting.
In case of Bob, Next generation text relay and “smart insulin pumps” are the latest
technologies which can be beneficial for him (Jetten Haslam and Alexander, 2012).

 Personalised care and support planning: This is a holistic approach in which those
issues are recognized which are other than medical needs of Bob which are impacting his
total health. This will address those issues which are causing him stress and depression
doe to any other reason apart from his health issues.
M3 Importance of adhering to person centred approach with services users
Person-centred approach is essential for patients like Bob as it will make him an
optimistic person along with health and advantageous environment for him. He is suffering with
several diseases due to which he has become a very negative individual resulting into suicidal
tendencies. This approach will be very beneficiary from him to be self motivated and be happy
with his life. It will transform his life and take him towards a positive direction in life.
TASK 2
AC 1.2Procedure for protecting clients, patients and colleagues from harm
To maintain and promote health and safety of residents of health and social care
organisation, is the key accountability of Arthur and other staff members. To provide safety to
patients who are directly linked with services in health and social care organisation, is the major
duty of Arthur. It is his duty to ensure that each patient is safe and free from any kind of risks
and harms. The harms which can be caused due to negligence of Arthur can be of any type-
physical, psychological, financial or emotional. Proper care and maintenance will ensure the
safety of clients, patients and colleagues from any type of damage in a health and social care
setting (Brach and et. al., 2012). It is important for organisations to follow an effectual procedure
for safeguarding practices to protect the harms which can be caused in this case was due to
carelessness of Arthur. The procedures and policies should be strictly adopted according to
directions given in National Health Service. The procedures and practices should consists of
preventing basic human rights, preventing confidential details of patients, clients and colleagues.
The procedure for giving protection to clients, patients and peers from any kind of harm is
mentioned beneath:
 Making list of emergency numbers:
 Securing availability of first aid kits:
 Providing training to other people about first aid kits:
 Giving safe and secure environment for kids:

 Carrying clear cute methods and responses:
 Point out action time
 Depict approval time
 Show time of survey
AC 3.3 Evaluating effectiveness of interpersonal working
Effectualness of interpersonal working in a health and social care organisation is very
much essential because it creates a strong bond betwixt clients and workers in procedure of
treatment and decision-making. This type of work culture will be helpful in maintaining
cooperation amid the professionals. With this kind of working, professionals are able to easily
meet the wants and needs of services users. The doctors, nurses, physical therapists, health care
assistants, health team, respiratory therapists, psychologists must be engaged in any type of
efficiency of care planning (Harris-Roxas and et. al., 2012). They should work as a team to
provide best services to patients so that they are able to live a better life ahead. The sharing of
information and knowledge between the health and social care workers with interpersonal
working is impelling regarding designing and executing new plans which help in giving safety to
services users. With this working style, individuals are capable of sharing duties and
accountabilities and provide support in addressing problems through collaborative approaches.
The effectualness of interpersonal working is in health and social care setting is very impressive
for getting the desires results from the clients. Furthermore, this type of working style is also
helpful in reduction of costs associated with health care and in attaining high level of
gratification from clients.
D3 Self evaluation
In the case study provided in task 2, I observed that Arthur has been very irresponsible in
fulfilling his duty. This type of behaviour can be very harmful for the patients as well as for other
members. If I was a managers in health and social care organisation in which Arthur is senior
member, then I would take strict disciplinary action against him. I may fine him with a penalty or
punishment. I will be very strict as this is related to health of a person. If his health deteriorates
due to carelessness of Arthur, the entire health and social care setting will be responsible for it.
Along with this, I evaluated that working in partnership is very necessary for health and social
care organisation as it ensures effectiveness.

TASK 3
AC 1.4 Ethical dilemmas/conflicts in providing care and support to Mrs. Helen
Many times is happens that health and social care workers face situations which are very
conflicting for them. They have to maintain organisational policies and procedures as well as
health of patients at the same time. Many times, conflicts arises betwixt care workers and
patients in terms of their views, beliefs and culture. The care workers face hurdles in providing
suitable services to the services users and the quality of health and social care gets affected. In
the given case study, same situation is observed (Kuo and et. al., 2012). The doctors and health
care workers want to give Helen blood transfusion and emergent surgery according to her critical
condition. But, she has been denying to accept blood products or blood and refused to agree on
surgery also. This denial and refusal is because of her religious beliefs because she believe that
Bible has given her instructions to refrain from ingesting blood and neglecting blood gives a
respect to God. The ethical conflict which the doctors and health and social care professionals
are facing is that they have to save life of Helen as well as of her fetus, and along with this they
cannot hurt her religious sentiments and beliefs. They are not having right to pressurise her to
take treatment and only motivate her to change her decision. They can't let Helen and her child
die and do nothing about this. To deal with these conditions is very tough for them (Enthoven,
2014). The only option left in this type of situation is that health care professionals and workers
should motivate her to agree with blood transfusion and surgery as this is the last option
available to save life of her child and herself.
D1 Self-criticism and justification for conclusions on ethical dilemmas and conflicts
From the give case study of Mrs. Helen. I concluded that it is very difficult for me to treat
her. I have to take care of her health as well as life of unborn child also. It is a very contradictory
situation for me as if I do not give her proper treatment, then her life is in danger and of her fetus
also. But I cant hurt her religious sentiments also. This has resulted in a moral dilemma. The
choice for me is to only motivator her by convincing her to go for surgery if she wants to save
life of her unborn child and hers also.

TASK 4
AC2.1 How policies, legislation, regulations and codes of practices are executed
To assure that best quality of care and treatment is provided to services users of health
and social care organisation, implementation of polices, regulations, legislation and codes of
practices to national and local policies and legislation is quite essential. The profession of health
and social care workers is very sensitive and thus they have to adhere to rules and regulations
every time. It is the responsibility of managers to makes sure that qualities of care and treatment
are maintained appropriately according to laws and codes of practices (Goodwin and et. al.,
2012). Staff of health and social care organisation should strictly adopt the Data Protection Act
and should not disclose any essential detail and information of the clients. This act states that the
permission to use the information should only given to suitable authority. One more act is
Control Of Substance Hazardous to Health Regulation (COSSH). This is assured with this act
that whenever it is required only then chemical and substances should be utilised. The bleaching
agents, detergents,chemical ingredients, cupboard containers should be locked properly and
authorised person should be permitted to access them. Medicines and other equipments should be
placed in a safe and secure place (Reuben and Tinetti, 2012).
AC 2.2 How local policies and procedures can be developed according to national and policy
requirements
The local polices and procedures in a health and social care setting should be made in
accordance with national and policy requirements. The local policies depict a limited scope while
national policies have a broad scope. For some groups local policies and procedures are designed
and they are very specific. For getting effective result, they are studied with a critical view,
planned with utmost care and executed in a strategic manner. For development is technologies
and change in society, there are some flaws in these policies and laws (Hibbard and Greene,
2013). to synchronise and correlated local policies and procedures with national policies in
essential. The policies and procedures are require to be very clear and simple. There should be no
confusion or misunderstandings. The chances of misinterpretations should be less in these
policies. Following the national policies, local policies showcase the culture of local regions.
There is diverse culture in various organisations and thus all policies and procedures does not fits
into each of them. for the future, there may be a need to change or alter them for bringing

improvement in quality of care and treatment. Therefore, they should be flexible enough. The
National policies and procedures are helpful in making the policies and procedures which are
developed by NHS which helps in management of health care system in health and social care
organisations (Cuadra, 2012). The national policies and processes are consisting of different
needs which are important to deliver positive care to services users.
AC 2.3 Evaluating impact of these policies and procedures on organisational policy and practices
The policies, legislation and regulations makes a significant influence on policy and
practices adopted in a health and social are organisation. These policies and procedures are
helpful in protection of rights of services users. These policies and procedures are stated in the
code of conduct that helps in developing trust and confidence in the service users. They make a
positive influence on services users because they are helpful in protecting them from any type of
harm or damage (Johnstone and Dallos, 2013). The policies and procedures are also supportive
for the health and social care workers for making improvements in quality of work. They are
always prepared to take duty or accountability to enhance their knowledge and skills. These
policies and practices are assistive in giving training and career development of workers. They
also impact on promotions of workers and in providing equivalent opportunities to them. These
practices and codes are majorly focusing on provision of safety and security to the service users.
AC 3.1 Theories that accentuate health and social care practices
In health and social care sector, there are some theories which focuses on individual
needs, different events and procedures. To promote health lifestyle and attaining higher level of
physical, social, mental, emotional, and spiritual well-being for patients, these theories are
helpful in making plans for it. The need hierarchy theory of Maslow in one such theory in health
and social care practices. This theory states that human needs are segregated in various levels.
Basic needs are categorised in first level. As per this theory, without meeting the bottom level
needs a human being is not able to move onto the next level (Brownson Colditz and Proctor,
2012). The physiological needs are the most central needs of human being according to this
theory. Love, belongingness, safety, self-actualisation and self esteem comes under the next
level. To formulate the plan for care and services this theory is taken in use by health and social
care organisations.

One more theory is human development theory which states that distinct types of health
and care are required at different stages. As per the age, growth and development in a human
being, type of care and services changes. This theory majorly focuses on delivering great
services to services users. It emphasises on learning the behaviour of services users. This is
helpful for workers to analyse the wants and requirements of patients. This theory proves to be
effective regarding maintenance of positive attitude of health and social care workers towards the
services users. Along with it, social learning theory is also supportive for health and social
professionals for enhancing their effectualness. This theory is dependent on learning the
behaviour and attitude of patients by observing them (Rieker Ockene and Pbert, 2013). By
learning the behaviour of patients, management of health and social care setting is capable in
delivering best quality services to users and is helpful for them to provide due care to their
service users.
AC 3.2 Analysing how social processes like isolation and exclusion, marginalisation affect
health and social care users
Health and social care users who are suffering from any sever disease or say mental
disorder are generally isolated or excluded to live a normal life in the society which they are
living. This isolation or exclusion can make positive or negative impact on the patients. In the
above task, case study of Bob shows that as he was suffering from profound deaf and other
serious diseases, he got very stressed and developed suicidal tendencies. These type of patients
loose their touch with family members, relative and friends (Edelman Mandle and Kudzma,
2013). Thus, the health and social care organisation should treat them with great care and
empathy. They need those kind of person who are interested in listening their problems and
understand their wants and desires also. If positive impacts are talked, the patients are more
engaged with doctors and nurses. They cooperate more with them as they are not having
anybody with them who takes care of them. They help them on their own level to doctors to get
best treatment. But the negative effects cant be ignored. They may suffer from depression, stress,
tension as society excludes them. This can make their condition even more worse. Due to this,
they may get addicted to bad habits such as drinking, smoking, unhealthy practices etc. They
may also commit some kind of heinous or cruel crime which can ruin their entire life (Ayo,
2012.).

M1
In this task, an impressive approach for research has been taken in use to understand execution of
policies, legislation, regulations and codes of practices. It has been observed that these policies,
laws and regulations play an important role in the field on health and social care sector.
M2
I have utilised a wide range of sources to get information of different psychological theories
which accentuate and governs health care professionals who provides their services in health and
social care organisations. I have observed that these theories are very supportive for healthcare
practitioners to understand the wants and desires of their patients and then treat them according
to it.
TASK 5
AC 4.1 Roles, responsibilities, accountabilities and duties
Name: John Kerry
Job Title: Senior manager
Organisation: Health and Social Care Trust
Being a senior manager in HSC, I will be having the below stated roles, responsibilities
and duties:
 To provide a conducive and therapeutic atmosphere for service users.
 To assure that wants and desires of patients are fulfilled, taking care of clients and
assuring that their rights are exercised and preserved.
 It is my duty to promoted health and makes sure the health and safety of patients.
 To protect physical, financial and emotional interests of services users as they trust and
believe in our organisation.
 Supervising and managing basic services provided by our organisation. In simple terms,
I am accountable for meeting the individual needs of each and every clients by organising
their time tables and facilitating them with requisite resources.
 To makes sure that services provided in the organisation are according to the medical
instructions and they are followed on a regular basis by making aware all employers and
volunteers.

 I have a responsibility of managing any critical situations associated with patients
complaints and queries.
 It is my duty to see the services provided to patient are in accordance with rules,
procedures, legislations and policies laid by government.
 To manage and assure that events associated with behaviour and conduction of ethical
and moral values are taken care.
AC 4.2 Evaluating own contribution in development and implementation of health and social
care organisation policy
Being a senior manager in HSC, I have a vital role in developing and implementing
health and social care organisational policies. The organisational policies and procedures in
health and social care setting are essential for directing and rectifying the defects related with the
organisation. As a managers, it is necessary to give direction to organisational policies related
with protecting vulnerable adults and give them amenities and support which they need. I have to
provide my contribution in supporting the best practices standards for attaining resources to
protect vulnerable adults or individuals. Including this, as a senior manager I should defend
rights of clients as per the policies of organisation. I also have to promote ethical professional
behaviour and inspire other to give their contribution in success and growth of organisation.
AC 4.3 Recommendation for developing own contributions
By evaluating the roles, responsibilities and duties of mine being a senior manager and
considering my contribution in health and social care setting, I would advice myself the below
mentioned recommendations:
 I would suggest myself to make new standards to meet the needs of quality of services
and improve it on a regular basis.
 I would recommend to have an optimistic behaviour and attitude for managing the
routine tasks and deal an kind of critical situation.
 To develop effectual advantages and policies for health and social care workers for taking
their level of motivation higher.
 To arrange training and development sessions for workers for making them equipped
with requisite competencies and knowledge of health and social care sector.

 To introduce new and upgraded machines, equipments and appliances which makes the
tasks easy and quality directed.
 To develop policies and processes for training on weekly grounds so that new joinees are
also known of the up-gradations and developments.
 To arrange grievance meetings on monthly basis for health and social care workers for
knowing their problems and issues which they are facing in their jobs.
D2
In the aforementioned task, I have prepared the portfolio with full freedom on the basis
of my own work experience. I have given suggestion to myself on the basis of evaluation of my
own contribution in health and social care organisation.
CONCLUSION
Every individual has to visit a health and social care organisation to get treatment and
avail medical facilities. It has been concluded from the present report that Health and social care
organisations play a vital role in the lives of patients such as Bob and Helen to overcome their
mental as well as physical illness. The recent report discusses about the theories such as
Maslow's needs hierarchy theory and human development theory which are related with health
and social care practices. Further, it also highlights the influence of social processes such as
marginalisation, isolation and exclusion on users of health and social care. Interpersonal working
style is recognised in the report as an impressive method to make improvement in team building
and cooperation among healthcare practitioners. Moreover, the report also throws light on ethical
dilemmas and conflicts faced by healthcare professionals in providing treatment and care to
services users with special reference to the case study provided.

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