Health and Social Care: Understanding Specific Needs Report

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UNDERSTANDING SPECIFIC NEEDS IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................. 3
1.1 ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPT OF HEALTH, DISABILITY, ILLNESS AND BEHAVIOUR IN RELATION
TO USERS OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE SERVICES.......................................................................4
1.2 ASSESSMENT OF THE CHANGES IN THE PERCEPTIONS OF THE SPECIFIC NEEDS OVERTIME....7
1.3 ANALYZE THE IMPACT OF LEGISLATION, SOCIAL POLICY, SOCIETY AND CULTURE ON THE
WAYS THAT SERVICES ARE MADE AVAILABLE FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH SPECIFIC NEEDS...............8
2.1 ANALYZE THE CARE NEEDS OF INDIVIDUALS WITH SPECIFIC NEEDS......................................10
2.2 EXPLAIN THE CURRENT SYSTEMS FOR SUPPORTING INDIVIDUALS WITH SPECIFIC NEEDS....12
2.3 EVALUATION OF THE SERVICES AVAILABLE AT THE CHOSEN LOCALITY FOR INDIVIDUALS
WITH SPECIFIC NEEDS..................................................................................................................14
3.1 EXPLAINATION ABOUT APPROACHES AND INTERVENTIONS SO AS TO SUPPORT INDIVIDUALS
WITH SPECIFIC NEEDS..................................................................................................................15
3.2 EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERVENTION STRATEGIES FOR AN INDIVIDUAL
WITH SPECIFIC NEEDS..................................................................................................................17
3.3 DISCUSSION ABOUT THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF EMERGING DEVELOPMENTS ON SUPPORT
FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH SPECIFIC NEEDS.....................................................................................18
4.1 EXPLANATION ABOUT DIFFERENT CONCEPTS OF CHALLENGING BEHAVIOUR......................19
4.2 DESCRIBE THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF CHALLENGING BEHAVIOUR ON HEALTH AND SOCIAL
CARE ORGANIZATIONS................................................................................................................ 20
4.3 ANALYZE STRATEGIES FOR WORKING WITH CHALLENGING BEHAVIORS WITH SPECIFIC
NEEDS.......................................................................................................................................... 21
CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................... 23
REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................24
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Models of Disabilities......................................................................................................5
Figure 2: Maslow Hierarchy of Needs..........................................................................................10
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INTRODUCTION
The given report has been based on understanding some specific needs in respect to health and
social care while dealing with various perceptions ranges such as disability, illness and health
behaviour of the individual. Furthermore, the study would also evaluate the current system
which would support the individual with specific needs. In addition to this, various approaches
and interventions strategies would be evaluated and how the emerging development affect the
services would be equally accessed. At last, the study would also explain various concepts of
challenging behaviour and how they have an impact on the working of health and social care
organization.
The given assignment has undertaken the case study of the Tom who was unable to cop up with
his life post brain injury and was found dead in his home. He was facing issues related to mental
health, longstanding mobility and misuse problem post-accident he suffered 20 years ago. The
study has found that he did not get good support from health and social care services. So the
given study would analyze the changing requirements of care for a particular needs and how
health services come up to meet those needs.
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1.1 ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPT OF HEALTH, DISABILITY, ILLNESS AND
BEHAVIOUR IN RELATION TO USERS OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE SERVICES
Health and social care services have various concepts which are important to evaluate the
health of an individual. These concepts are explained in the below sections:
HEALTH
The concept of health as per the studies of WHO could be defined as a state where an
individual is completely well in terms of physical, mental and psychological state and devoid of
any diseases. When considered its positivity, it implies wellbeing of an individual at the physical
as well as social level. On the other hand, the negative concept indicates that a person is in
good health if they are not suffering from any disease.
DISABILITY
A person facing issues related to the physical or mental illness could be termed as a disabled
person. According to the international classification of functioning (ICF) disability is an overall
concept which includes impairment in a person who has difficulty in vision, hearing and
learning. This condition limits the physical movement of an individual and also restricts from
getting social support, transportation facilities and indulges in negative attitudes. A disability
could further be explained using two main models namely; medical and social model (Glasby,
2017).
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Figure 1: Models of Disabilities
Source: [Oasis, 2014]
According to the social model of disability, society is the main reason that an individual is facing
issues related the impairment. Using this model, the person could overcome their entire barrier
and could lead an independent life of their own. A per the medical model of disability, the
person is disabled naturally and could utilize various medical treatment to fix its impairment.
This model reduces the expectation of a person and thus helps him to control his life in an
effective manner (Aveyard, 2014).
ILLNESS AND BEHAVIOR
The illness could be defined as a disorder of reasoning pattern among the individual. The illness
occurs when a person is unable to perform his work daily, facing issues to display emotions and
facing difficulty to communicate with others. A patient-centred approach theory based on
illness and behaviour has been provided by the George Engel which indicates that the
communication for a person could improve and with good response from the people; the
affected person could also improve its behaviour (Purnell, 2012).
In the given case study, Tom was suffering from mental disability-related issues. The medical
team from NHS had unable to understand his problems and was unable to communicate this to
him and his family members effectively. So in future, they should learn from the given case
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study and should evaluate the specific needs of the individuals and should coordinate with their
families and thus save them from getting into depression mode which compelled the person
like Tom to end his life.
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1.2 ASSESSMENT OF THE CHANGES IN THE PERCEPTIONS OF THE SPECIFIC NEEDS
OVERTIME
In historic times, people with impairment and incurable illness were boycotted from society and
would even get killed so as to protect society from the evils. However, with the changing
scenario, the perceptions of people towards such a person have gradually changed. People are
now providing love and care to such persons and are often getting themselves involved in some
NGO's or other institutions where they impart training to impaired persons so that they would
be able to sustain themselves and live their lives in an independent manner. Besides, there has
also been the involvement of people with a disabled person in providing them employment and
better health care facilities so that they would not get depressed and lead a happy life
(Rothman, 2018).
The given case study has displayed that there is still some stigma from the health service
providers for disabled patients. The case study has revealed that there was a perception among
the family of the Tom that he has been getting free from the mental illness and is provided with
good medical treatment during his stay in a rehabilitation centre. However, the family of Tom
found out that he was suffering from chronic insomnia post brain injury. The health
professionals were unable to supervise him effectively so that he would have come out of
depression and his increased addiction affected his cognitive abilities. So, it could be said that
the perception of the family and people towards mentally ill patients have changed but not
from the health professionals.
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1.3 ANALYZE THE IMPACT OF LEGISLATION, SOCIAL POLICY, SOCIETY AND
CULTURE ON THE WAYS THAT SERVICES ARE MADE AVAILABLE FOR
INDIVIDUALS WITH SPECIFIC NEEDS
It is mandatory for providing equal treatment to each and every individual and should also have
provision to participate in various social activities. To provide adequate care to the people
having various health-related issues, the Government of the UK has enacted various laws and
regulations which are based on the social policy. Furthermore, they help in providing a positive
environment for the disabled people so that they are provided with the best available services
for bringing significant improvement in their life (Feldstein, 2012). There are various legislations
that have been passed by the government of the UK and have been discussed below:
COMMUNITY CARE ACT, 1996
According to this act, some financial aid is provided to the people suffering from disability by
paying on their behalf for the services utilized by them for their own service. With the help of
this act, there has been the introduction of flexibility which has allowed mentally disabled
people to avail the services in an appropriate manner.
DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION ACT, 1995
This act has been enacted so as to prevent the discrimination against disabled people at their
workplace, public place or other areas. According to this act, it is the duty of the social care
service providers to bring significant changed in their services and allow people with mental
illness to extract benefit from these services. Thus, this act made it obligatory on the public
body to strictly adhere to its principle and work towards the welfare of the society ( Kongstvedt,
2012).
WELFARE REFORM ACT, 2009
According to this act, disabled people are provided with benefits related to social security so
that they would be able to reside in society in an effective manner. It controls over the services
which are provided to the disabled people by service providers. Moreover, this act also
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provides protection to the children who are disabled from the embarrassment faced by them
either physically or mentally.
EQUALITY ACT, 2010
This act has been formulated to persuade the public authorities to perform their duties in a
significant manner and prevent any kind of discrimination against a disabled person from
getting harassed in any form (Kongstvedt, 2012).
Thus, the legislation, social policy and culture have a significant impact on the working of the
health care services and compel them to provide effective facilities for the welfare of the
disabled people.
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2.1 ANALYZE THE CARE NEEDS OF INDIVIDUALS WITH SPECIFIC NEEDS
The specific need of the individual differs from person to person and should be provided to
them so as to satisfy their needs and aspirations effectively. However, the people with disability
require extra care depending on the situation and thus it is the responsibility of the health care
professionals to satisfy their needs in an effective manner. To explain the individual needs,
Maslow model has been utilized which has been discussed below:
Figure 2: Maslow Hierarchy of Needs
Source: [Fallatah and Syed, 2018]
PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS
This need fulfils the basic needs of the individual. For the person suffering from a disability,
their basic need is to survive effectively in this tough environment.
SAFETY NEEDS
According to this need, the safety and security of the life of an individual are given maximum
priority. In the given case study, Tom was not able to provide protection from the harassment
case from his partner, Liz and which resulted in him facing loos of home and money.
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Furthermore, he was not treated well in the rehab centre and was unable to protect himself
from plunging into depression (Munn-Giddings and Winter, 2013). The study also indicated that
there should have been provision of some legislation which should have protected Tom and
would allow him to satisfy his safety needs effectively.
BELONGING AND LOVE NEEDS
According to this stage, the individual would require that his needs related to love and
belongings such as acceptance in the society, friends and provision of equal rights have been
provided to him in an effective manner. In the case of Tom, he was not provided with good
health care facilities and was labelled as a person who is uncontrolled and mild manner which
was refuted by his family members. Besides, he was not treated with proper care which has left
him devoid of any love and attention. In this case, the disability discrimination act should have
applied so that all the health professionals who were unable to perform their duty would face
strict punishment (Fallatah and Syed, 2018).
ESTEEM NEEDS
This indicates the fulfilment of psychological needs of the individual in an efficient manner. In
the given case study, Tom had consulted various health care professionals and yet they were
unable to cure him so that he would have come out of depression and all the mental related
issues. Furthermore, he was also disallowed from living at his own home and has to render
homelessness for six months which break down his morale.
SELF-ACTUALIZATION NEEDS
This stage is the final stage and indicated the fulfilment of all the needs and aspirations of the
individual. In the given case study, the needs and requirements of Tom remain unfulfilled. He
was devoid of any emotional, mental or medical care from the health professionals and was
unable to come out of his illness which at last took his life. Thus, provision of good health care
facilities and better protection of his rights would have satisfied his self-actualisation needs and
he would have been alive today (Woltmann, et al. 2012).
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