Health and Social Care: Addressing Specific Needs in Service Provision

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UNDERSTANDING SPECIFIC NEEDS IN
HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE SERVICES
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................4
LO1..............................................................................................................................................................5
1.1............................................................................................................................................................5
1.2............................................................................................................................................................6
1.3............................................................................................................................................................7
LO2..............................................................................................................................................................8
2.1............................................................................................................................................................8
2.2..........................................................................................................................................................10
2.3..........................................................................................................................................................11
LO3............................................................................................................................................................12
3.1..........................................................................................................................................................12
3.2..........................................................................................................................................................13
3.3..........................................................................................................................................................14
LO4............................................................................................................................................................15
4.1..........................................................................................................................................................15
4.2..........................................................................................................................................................16
4.3..........................................................................................................................................................17
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................................18
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................................19
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INTRODUCTION
This assignment will discuss the concept of health, disability, illness and behaviour of services
user in health care organization. It has been seen that the perception of an individual with a
specific need has changed over time. The assignment will discuss the case of Hannah who is
suffering from cerebral palsy. She required a special need in order to manage her daily routine
task. There are various laws that have been made to protect the safety of the individual with a
specific need. There are mainly two current systems that can be used to support an individual
with specific needs. There are several interventions and strategies that are made available to
support people with specific needs. With the advancement in technologies and equipment, the
health care services have provided various benefits to the individual with specific needs. A
health care professional, workers and staff members have found various barriers while
providing services and care to the individual with challenging behaviour. However, to solve this,
various interventions can be used to treat challenging behaviour.
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LO1
1.1
A concept can be defined as an idea or interventions that help to publicize or sell a commodity.
World Health Organization has designed health as a complete state of mental, physical and
social wellbeing without the absence of any infirmity and disease (Habersack and Luschin,
2013). It is a relative state in which a person can perform well to fulfil the various ranges of
person unique potentialities. It is a dynamic state of a body that can be able to adjust and adapt
in response to any changes (Habersack and Luschin, 2013). Illness can be defined as a period of
unwell or sick. It is a period of poor health or unhealthy condition of the individual (Davis,
2016). The illness affects the mind or body such as cancer, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, asthma
and dementia.
The behaviour of a person can be defined as a way someone conducts oneself, operate,
functions and behave with others. Disability can be defined as any impairment or loss of body
part of the function that leads to various disadvantages to the person in the society (Becker,
2013). Disability can be of several types such as mental, physical, cognitive, development or
intellectual. It is of two types. Primary disability can be explained in which persons with
disability has a physical continuing condition that could lead to a restriction of their daily
activities or tasks. Secondary disability in which a person with a disability has a constant health
issue that reduces everyday task (Becker, 2013).
The medical and social models are the two models of disability. The social model explained that
disability is caused by the way in which society is categorized or arranged rather than by person
impairment. The medical model explained that individual is disabling by their impairment and
hence any disability or impairment can be improved by medical treatment (Martin, 2013).
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1.2
Perception can be defined as the ability to hear, become aware or see something through the
senses (Martin, 2013). The way in which an individual is interpreted, understood, regarded or
opinion or belief the person passes. Over several years, it has been seen that perception
regarding disability has changed remarkably over time. There are various cross-cultural factors
that have been changed from one country to another and hence it influences the perception of
individual towards disability. It has been seen that the attitude of individual towards disability
can be varied according to cultural difference (McDonald, 2012). During the 16th century, it has
been seen that individual with a disability was considered to be lowly and deficient and hence
they are being excluded or ostracized from society (McDonald, 2012). In Christians, it has been
noticed individual with a disability are often bewitched by an evil spirit.
During the 19th century, as the time of great Victoria, it has been noticed that individual with a
disability was isolated from the society and kept in asylum prison institutions and they later
transferred into a mental institute (McDonald, 2012). The Jay Report and Great War in the year
1981 have demand to change this practice and hence a new act know and Community Act in
the year 1990 came which take disable person back in the society (McDonald, 2012).
However, in the 21st century, the perception of individual towards disability have changed over
time and hence it deals with great improvement in services and care (Nikolaidis et al., 2012).
The Equality Act 2010 came in order to provide equal care and services to the entire individual
without any discrimination of care, gender or disability (Waughray, 2014). The various laws and
policies have made in order to change the attitude of a person towards disability.
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1.3
Legislation can be defined as an act of parliament produce to restrict, declare, grant, sanction,
authorize and regulate (Nikolaidis et al., 2012). The various laws and policies have a positive
impact on attitude and perception of individual towards disability. The legislation is being
designed such that it ensures social care organization to provide protection and support to the
person with a disability.
The Mental Act 1983 has been designed to spread awareness among people with mental health
illness towards their rights in the community and to access health care services (Nikolaidis et
al., 2012). Under the Mental Act, every organization or health care professional must provide
proper care and services to the patient with mental health illness. The Equality Act is formed by
brought together several other legislation such as Equal Pay Act 1970, Disability Discrimination
Act 1995, Sex Discrimination Act 1975 and the Employment Equality Regulations 2003 to form a
single act that has been providing a legal framework in order to protect the individual with a
disability and provide various opportunities for all (Nikolaidis et al., 2012). The act has been
designed to protect the individual from discrimination on the basis of caste, sex, age, gender
and disability and also offer protection to the people with disability from unsafe and unfair
treatment. It has been seen that organization struggle to provide quality care and services to
the individual with disability due to lack of resources and financial cost (Novak et al., 2013).
Culture may have also impact on accessing health care services. Some families are not able
readily to seek services and care until and unless they could face major problem while other
culture might feel shame in accessing services. The Disability Trust are providing care and
services to Hannah without any discrimination and hence it improved her condition and make
her positive and confident in order to work independently (Novak et al., 2013).
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LO2
2.1
Care needs can be defined as a provider of services that focused mainly on providing health
care assistance in order to perform daily tasks, maintaining the health of the user, enabling a
person to participate in various activities (Oskoui et al., 2013). The care need of a person
include normative needs, expressed needs and comparative needs. Abraham Maslow explained
the five needs of an individual in a pyramid known as the Maslow hierarchy of needs. It is a
motivation theory that includes physical, psychological, emotional, security and safety, self-
esteem, belonging and self-actualization. This model, he explained that every person is being
capable to move upward against their need or level of self-actualization. However, progress can
be altered if a person fails in a meet in lower level needs (Oskoui et al., 2013). This means that
not all are moving in a straight forward path in the hierarchy and hence some move in back and
forth way to achieve their needs.
Figure 1; Maslow Theory
[Source: Coachilla, 2017]
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In the given case of Hannah, it has been seen that she has fulfilled all the needs according to
Maslow hierarchy of needs. She is physiologically stable and has a home to live. She has been
suffering from mobility and cerebral palsy and hence required a wheelchair for support (Levitt
and Addison, 2018). She receives support from SEN that can help her to complete the
qualification. She has become a team member of Prince Trust and performs various activities
such as wheelchair vs. go-kart racing. Now she has become an ambassador of Prince Trust.
However, there are several supports available for various types of need and hence appropriate
intervention must be required to fulfil the specific need of the individual (Levitt and Addison,
2018).
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2.2
The system can be defined as a set of procedure, methods and routines formulated in order to
perform specific duty or task to resolve the issue (MacLennan,Thompson and Gecz, 2015).
There are two current systems that can be used to support an individual with specific needs.
The government system such as social care services, police, education and national health
services. The non-government system such as non-statutory organization which is funded by
donation, government and goodwill from the people or by various other organization such as
SEN, Macmillan cancer support, SEND and age the UK (MacLennan,Thompson and Gecz, 2015).
In the UK, the police are playing a great role in protecting people from harm and danger. The
role of the social worker in the statutory system protects vulnerable adult, families and children
with specific or special needs. The education system is providing education to children in order
to proper growth and development. The enactment of children and families bill law has been
passed in order to provide special education requirement and needs to the children. Bill
provides younger people and children with an opportunity to succeed in their life regardless of
their background (MacLennan,Thompson and Gecz, 2015).
SEN code of practice is a system that is providing advice and guidance to the people and also
explained the duties of college, school, health bodies, and local authorities in order to make a
provision for the individuals with special need under the families' act 2014 (Hobson, 2016). The
SEN system is also responsible to ensure the right of education for children and fulfilling all the
needs and requirement to children with a specific need. Hannah has joined the mainstream
primary school for her further education so that he will be become more independent and can
be able to fulfil her desire by herself.
AGE UK is a nongovernmental organization are providing non-financial and financial services
and support to older people. This system provides advice and guidance on a various aspect such
as housing, health and safety (Hobson, 2016).
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2.3
Specific needs can be defined as things need to the individual in order to perform a daily
routine task (Sandin et al., 2014). Specific needs are physical, emotional, behavioural,
impairment and learning disability.
In the borough of Islington and Camden, there are several services available for the people with
special need such as cancer, cerebral palsy, dementia, autism and elderly people (Sandin et al.,
2014). Cerebral palsy is a neurological disorder that affects movement. The involuntary and
voluntary movement of the body is affected. Cerebral palsy services in the Islington and
Camden provide treatment and assessment for the individual with cerebral palsy. Various
agencies and organization such as the local council, national health services and voluntary
organization provide proactive care and support to the people with cerebral palsy (Lester,
2013). Through collaborative working and effective partnership with the health care
professional to provide quality care and services to the individual with cerebral palsy. This can
provide us with various benefits such as early diagnosis and prompt treatment. This provides
proper advice and guidance in order to fight the disease. The health care organization is
providing preventive, timely and personalized care and support (Lester, 2013). However, the
drawback of these services is that it is available for a limited time and hence it has been seen
that most of the people are not able to access services and care due to busy schedule or time
problem. Other than this, it has been seen that in health care organization, there is limited
availability of staff member which could affect to deliver services and hence organization need
to hire more and talented staff so that the basic need of the individual with cerebral palsy
(Lester, 2013).
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LO3
3.1
The approach can be defined as a series of measures that involve strategies and procedures in
order to provide support for the people with special requirement (Lester, 2013). The
intervention can be defined as a combination of strategies or programs that have been
designed specifically in order to provide behaviour changes and improve the health and
wellbeing of the individual. Cerebral palsy is a group of disorder that usually appears in early
childhood. Symptom and sign usually vary from person to person and often with time. There
may be a problem of speaking, swallowing, hearing, vision and sensation (Hadley and Hatch,
2018). There are various interventions and approaches that can be used to support the
individual with cerebral palsy include evidence-based practice, risk management, guardianship,
advocacy, working between agencies and professionals, direct action, self-help and risk
assessment such as person-centred care, therapies, lifestyle choice, therapeutic products,
technologies and medical intervention (Hadley and Hatch, 2018). There are several
interventions and approaches that can be used to treat Hannah with cerebral palsy.
Occupational therapy, physiotherapy and neurodevelopmental treatments are very responsive
and effective in order to provide support and care to people with a specific need. The
interventions and approaches are very helpful and important to improve and support the life of
Hannah with cerebral palsy. Hannah specific requirement was recognized and appropriate
support has been provided by the SEN that helps her to complete her education and acquire
the qualification (Hadley and Hatch, 2018). These interventions are very useful for her as it
makes her independent and can be able to live her life without any boundary.
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