Analyzing Specific Needs in Health and Social Care

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Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................2
LO1 Concepts of health, disability and illness..............................................................................................3
1.1-Analyse concepts of health, disability, illness, and behaviour in relation to users of health and
social care services..................................................................................................................................3
1.2-Assess how perceptions of specific needs have changed over time..................................................4
1.3-Analyse the impact of legislation, social policy, society and culture on the ways that services are
made available for individuals with specific needs..................................................................................6
LO2- Understanding how individuals with specific needs are supported by health and social care services
and systems.................................................................................................................................................8
2.1- Analyze the care needs of individuals with specific needs...............................................................8
2.2- Explain current systems for supporting individuals with specific needs.........................................10
2.3- Evaluate the services available in a chosen locality for individuals with specific needs.................11
LO3- Understand approaches and intervention strategies that support individuals with specific needs..12
3.1- Explain the approaches and interventions available to support individuals with specific needs....12
3.2- Evaluate the effectiveness of intervention strategies for an individual with specific needs...........13
3.3- Discuss the potential impact of emerging developments on support for individuals with specific
needs.....................................................................................................................................................14
LO4- Understand strategies for coping with challenging behaviors associated with specific needs.........15
4.1- Explain different concepts of challenging behavior........................................................................15
4.2- Describe the potential impact of challenging behaviour on health and social care organizations. 16
4.3- Analyze strategies for working with challenging behaviors associated with specific needs...........17
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................18
References.................................................................................................................................................19
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Introduction
For the life of any individual, it is considered crucial when human needs and requirements are
divided into various aspects. These required needs can be cultural, spiritual, economic,
emotional, health-related, social, physical etc. the term specific needs are defined as necessary
or a UN avoided the requirement of any individual from the surrounding environment. These
requirements are specific but not the same for every individual. as seen nowadays a lot of
physical and mental health issues are faced by people and special efforts are required to deal
with them and lead a normal life. Every requirement by the individual is being taken cared of or
headed by the social and health care service sector universally. In this assignment, we focus on
different aspects of the disease, health, illness with respect to the behaviour of each individual
to deal with them. The barriers and challenges associated with these aspects and ways to deal
with these barriers. The basic aim of the assignment is to enhance proper understanding within
the individuals for their specific need and how to adopt these needs from the social and health
care services.
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LO1 Concepts of health, disability and illness
1.1-Analyse concepts of health, disability, illness, and behaviour in relation to
users of health and social care services.
The term concept is defined as a thought or perception that helps in providing a way to achieve
a goal or pieces of evidence something. According to WHO I.e., World Health Organization
health is defined as the complete well being of social, emotional, physical, and mental health of
a particular individual is not merely the absence of any disease (World Health Organization.,
2001). The concept of health is said as complete welfare within every aspect of an individual.
Illness is defined is a state in which a person can identify themselves in ill health and usually it is
well identified and reported physical and mental health-related issues (.Goncharova., 2018).
The term Behaviour is defined as the kind of way the per acts or portrait themselves as, for
example, there can be a challenging or influenced behaviour experienced by the people
suffering from mental illness. The terms disability is defined as the impairment in physical and
mental functioning of an individual due to uncertain physical and mental health (World Health
Organization., 2006).
The primary standard of disability is coined as the disability caused or occurred to a person by
the repeated or persistent illness of mental and physical illness (Your dictionary.,2019).. it is
described as the impairment wit in an individual to carry out or deliver daily scheduled
activities. Such impairments include: heart disease, high blood pressure, asthma, and mental
illness.it is described that these diseases do not let an individual do the daily normal work with
similar efficiency. For example, excess work can lead to stress and that shoot the blood
pressure, excess walking or physical work can lead to breathlessness and can lead to asthmatic
attacks. These individual are on daily and hourly medication (yilmaz et al., 2019).
Secondary standard of disability is defined as the individual, which is incapable of participating
in the core activity of daily life and is suffering from key physical and mental disabilities and
issues example: cerebral palsy, Down's syndrome, belly's palsy (chemin et al., 2012).
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There are two models of disability, that is; medical and social model. Here the medical model is
coined as a tragic disability and alters the physical functioning and shaping of the body and
body parts example; blindness, amputation, deafness etc (oliver 2017). social model refers to
the kind of disability and illness where the person or any unwell individual has restrictions
within social factors and a kind of disability where there is restriction of participation faced by
them. In this type of model the society does not give consideration to even the specific needs of
the patients (.Haslam, Jetten and Alexander., 2012)
It is recommended that the social and health care services providing organizations worldwide
should keep a record of such individuals with different types of social, economic, mental,
physical illness and should be provided with quality and timely treatment services (barnes
2013).
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1.2-Assess how perceptions of specific needs have changed over time.
The term perception is defined as how an individual understands, interprets, relates something
or thoughts in his own way. There may be different perception of every individual it differs from
person to person (Coyle and Dugan., 2012).in earlier 16th century the concepts were not clear
and not well understood about the disability - social, mental or economical or of primary or
secondary standards and along with that the specific needs and requirement of every individual
were not recognised. the Christians believed earlier that the people suffering from disability or
any kind of illness are possessed by an evil spirit with respect to their deeds .exorcism practices
were done for people dealing with mental disabilities and illness .according to Germany
believes and values the people suffering from mental disability and illness were preferred to be
isolated and kept apart from normal healthy people of community (ramez., 2012).
In late 19th century Darwinism was prevalent the people with better health in society believed
that the mentally disabled and ill people are a threat to the society and creates hindrance in the
growth and development, they believed that such ill people should not be preserved. Earlier
within Greek mythology, people were considered inferior who were suffering from any such
disability or illness (Jones and Kantarjian., 2015) The disability was considered as the result of
some evil possession or black magic in the ancient culture of Asians. The evolution continued
but the concept of disability and illness remained so with similar believes till Victorian era such
suffering people where sent to jails or asylums.in 1990 the government of UK came up with an
act called "community care act" and this launch by the UK the scenario started showing certain
changes (teng et al., 2013). According to this act the disabled and ill people were recognised by
the society can be given their rights by providing them by fulfilling their requirements of living,
after this the society slowly started accepting the disabled people .in 2010 certain i.e. "act of
equality" was launched, “the mental capacity act” in 2005, the disability employment act” 1994
these acts were launched ( Krahn, Walker and Correa-De-Araujo., 2015). gradually as people
started to identify and accept the people with a disability or any kind of other illness. Such
evolutions with times removed the concept of belief and rituals regarding the black magic or
evil possession of disabled people giving them the equal rights of requirements and thoughts
they demanded staying within same society.
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1.3-Analyse the impact of legislation, social policy, society and culture on the
ways that services are made available for individuals with specific needs.
The legislation is coined as the process of enhancing or advancing the set of laws or rules, which
are to be followed by the population for their own security and safety. This legislation are
suppose to be followed by every individual or organization for their own betterment and
security (.Your dictionary., 2019). The team policy is defined as the set of rules or actions
designed by the authorities, which are, suppose to be followed by all the people associated by
the organization these policies are made keeping in mind the order of management and proper
working of the system (Sorensen et al.,). Culture is referred to as, when a society or a religion
follow or set a sum of thoughts, values, believes or show a particular social behaviour. When a
group of people of similar religion follow a similar interest in following the same customs and
believes its called cultureViruell-Fuentes, Miranda,and Abdulrahim., 2012). For the individuals
with specific requirements and people who are suffering from disability and illness, there were
various pieces of legislative, which were introduced and implemented for such a set of the
population in the UK. The Care Act 2014, Mental Capacity Act 2005, Equality Act 2010, Disability
Employment Act 1994, Data Protection Act 2018 these acts were included in the legislation, and
all these were well managed and planned for the betterment of people and organization. Also,
these legislations are made to give recognition to the ill and disabled and provide them with
equal rights and requirements as demanded and needed by them. This will ultimately avoid and
later resolve discrimination (Stebnicki and Marini., 2012)
In April 2015, the Act of Care (2014) was recognised and implemented, it stated that the
authorities in local were supposed to assess and monitor the needs and requirements of people
especially ill and disabled and they should be provided with their rights, and also they need to
act on the carriers getting suffered due to the disability they have (Adepoju, Preston, and
Gonzales., 2015). Its also makes sure that the social and health care official workers and local
government supports the needs of these disabled people and fulfil their right to demand. After
these laws and legislation were applied along with the upcoming of various acts it improved
and advanced the scenario for mentally ill or another disabled people, where according to the
legislation it was compulsory for the population or society to give equality and recognition to
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the disables with any discrimination (.Marmot and Allen., 2014). Social determinants of health
equity.
For the Dementia patient in the UK, the national strategy for dementia in 2009 was launched
for providing safety and security to the patients of dementia. Dementia medically is combined
group of condition (mordach et al., 2013) in which there is impairment in functioning of at least
two part of brain such as making judgement and loss of memory The major aim to introduce
this strategy was provide awareness within in the people of the region, which can lead to early
diagnosis, and treatment can perhaps be started as early as possible.
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LO2- Understanding how individuals with specific needs are supported
by health and social care services and systems.
2.1- Analyze the care needs of individuals with specific needs.
Special or specific care needs can be broadly defined as any kind of physical, mention,
emotional, behavioral, cognitive, sensory or any such condition which is limiting or debilitating
by nature and requires specialized medical care, intervention or programs (Carulla et al., 2011).
These specific needs could range from physiological needs to psychological needs. For instance,
considering an individual who is hemiplegic or paraplegic, mobility needs would be the first and
foremost care the patient would need. Mobility impairment implies towards the inability of a
patient to be able to move freely without the help of any medical or physical assistance (Tanner
et al., 2008). It could be a short term disability or a long term disability. Examples of short term
disability would include an injury which could have resulted in ligament or bone fracture which
is likely to heal in a given span of time. The patient might be suggested to stay no weight
bearing as per the condition for a recommended span of time, or partial weight bearing and
might be allowed to walk with the help of crutches or support. In case of a long term disability
such as complete or partial paralysis, a long term and complete care plan needs to be executed
as the patient is likely to be on it for the whole life if the condition is untreatable (Kelly et
al.,2014).
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Diagram of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
Online source: https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html
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2.2- Explain current systems for supporting individuals with specific needs.
A system fabricated for healthcare can be defined as a framework within which the care is
being provided (Leape., 2009). It is a formal structure customized for the needs of a population
within the given criteria. There are numerous care programs in United Kingdom which focuses
on specific needs of individuals, such as specialized home care for old and disabled, residential
care services, programs for children and youth with special health care needs, provision of
supported living for people with autism etc. These programs are run by statutory bodies, non-
government organization, or voluntary services. The main guidelines for social care are directed
by National Health Service and community care act 1990, and are supported by other
organizations acting as informal carers (Braye., 2002). The act guides the local authorities to
assess the need of social and health care for people and to ensure that all including individuals
with special health care needs are able to receive the services they are entitled to. It also
ensures that the care providers are following a certain set of rules which are known as the care
value base. The act has also made the provision for the establishment of family practitioner
committees and the establishment of NHS trusts. The main issue for specialized care of a
disabled person is finding a home support. Provisions have been made that the social services
at the local council can be asked to arrange an assessment for health and care needs (Tanner et
al., 2008).
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2.3- Evaluate the services available in a chosen locality for individuals with
specific needs.
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LO3- Understand approaches and intervention strategies that support
individuals with specific needs
3.1- Explain the approaches and interventions available to support individuals
with specific needs.
Approaches can be defined as a way or outlook towards managing a situation or an issue.
Intervention can be defined as a step or an action taken to improve, manage, or solve the issue
(Lawal., 2014). In the United Kingdom, it has been estimated that around 1 in 50 people have a
learning disability and on an average 1 in every 4 people have severe disability along with a
learning disability (Emerson & Baines., 2011). Learning disability refers to the condition where a
person is not able to understand and comprehend things at the same level as others. The
person with a learning disability might not be able to function as well as others if kept in the
same scenario. They might not be able to learn quickly or manage day to day activities
efficiently. Learning disabilities can be categorized as mild, moderate, and severe. People with
learning disabilities or behavioral issues might require specialized care which can range from
supporting them doing to help them understand and manage the work to professional care in
various areas such as mobility, personal care, and communication based on the severity of the
condition. United Kingdom has a specialized ADHD foundation which works in partnership with
individuals, families, medical providers, teachers, and other organizations for helping
individuals who have ADHD (Young et al., 2016).
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