HSC210 Health Sociology: Social Determinants and Health Perspectives

This essay delves into the sociological perspectives on health, emphasizing the impact of social determinants rather than solely biological factors. It contrasts the biomedical model with the social determinants of health, highlighting factors like stress, social support, income, education, and working conditions. The essay further explores two sociological theories: the Salutogenic model, which focuses on factors promoting health, and the Marxist perspective, which examines how societal structures and commodity production influence health. It also addresses how socio-economic positions, stress, and social exclusion contribute to chronic diseases and premature death, advocating for a society that ensures access to essential resources for a healthy and productive life. Desklib provides access to similar essays and resources for students.

nnin ead A M TRu g h : SOCIOLOGY SSIGN EN
ociolo A i nmentS gy ss g
ame o t e t dentN f h S u
ame o t e ni er itN f h U v s y
A t or oteu h N

1A M TSOCIOLOGY SSIGN EN
ociolo entail t e t d o ociet and i important to ealt practitionerS gy s h s u y f s y s h h s eca eb us
ocial actor a e an in l ence on t e ealt o a per on and o t e illne o a per on is f s h v f u h h h f s h w h ss f s s
treated.
ne o t e per pecti e o ealt i t e iomedical Model o ealt T e iomedical model oO f h s v s f h h s h B f h h. h b f
ealt oc e e cl i el on iolo ical actor and doe not ta e into acco nt t e role oh h f us s x us v y b g f s s k u h f
en ironmental actor ocial actor and p c olo ical actor on a per on ealtv f s, s f s sy h g f s s ’s h h.
n t e orld ealt r ani ation in rope propo ed t at t e ocial determinantI 2003, h W H h O g z Eu s h h s s
o ealt incl de per onal and or related tre t e earl li e o an indi id al et er af h h u s w k s ss, h y f f v u , wh h
per on ad ocial pport or not ocial e cl ion et er a per on ad acce to ealts h s su , s x us , wh h s h ss h hy,
ole ome and ade ate ood et er t e per on a emplo ed or nemplo ed tran portwh s qu f , wh h h s w s y u y , s
and addiction eni e et al n addition to t e e in anada ocial determinant o(H s ., 2015). I h s , C , s s f
ealt incl de income and ed cation or in condition o in ender and di a ilit T e eh h u u , w k g s, h us g, g , s b y. h s
ocial determinant o ealt are related to a per on ealt rat er t an a per on e a io rs s f h h s ’s h h h h s ’s b h v u .
enetic al o do not pla a part in increa in t e ri or a di ea e or in r in a per onG s s y s g h sk f s s , ju y s .
ra eman ottlie(B v & G b, 2014). T t e e a io r o a per on and t e enetic o a per on dohus, h b h v u f s h g s f s
not increa e t e lnera ilit o a per on to di ea es h vu b y f s s s s.
a per on i er tre ed t en it a a ne ati e impact on i ealt ocial pport i al oIf s s v y s ss , h h s g v h s h h; s su s s
er important and inte ral to a per on ell ein A carin and pporti e amil al o elpv y g s ’s w b g. g su v f y s h s
to miti ate tre and lead to an o erall ood ealt o a per on T e earl li e o a per on al og s ss s v g h h f s . h y f f s s
a an e ect on i pre ent li e t le and i t e pre ent li e t le i n ealt t en i ealth s ff h s s f s y , f h s f s y s u h hy, h h s h h
n ort natel i o nd to eru f u y s b u suff . ( elder oel c er PerrK , H s h & y, 2015).

2A M TSOCIOLOGY SSIGN EN
ood emplo ment opport nitie al o lead to a i income and con e entl t eG y u s s h gh s qu y h
mean to en re ood ealt ein ociall e cl ded can al o a e an ad er e e ect on ones su g h h. B g s y x u s h v v s ff ’s
ealt a it lead to a eelin o ocial o cott ic ma lead to depre ion and tre andh h s s f g f s b y , wh h y ss s ss
a ect t e el e teem and ealt o a per onff h s f – s h h f s ( o er Pil rimR g s & g , 2014 nemplo ment i al o). U y s s
anot er actor or poor ealt eca e i a per on i nemplo ed t en e or e lac t eh f f h h b us f s s u y , h h sh ks h
re o rce to lead a ealt li es u s h hy f ( mitS h, 2016 ).
An ind o ne ati e addiction li e addiction to alco ol and dr al o a an e tremely k f g v k h ugs s h s x y
ne ati e e ect on one ealt and o ld e a oided ac o proper ood al o lead to poorg v ff ’s h h sh u b v . L k f f s s
ealt and t e lac o one o n tran port t at re lt in completel rel in on p lich h, h k f ’s w s h su s y y g ub
tran port al o lead to ati e and e a tion ic can a e a detrimental e ect on ones , s s f gu xh us , wh h h v ff ’s
ealt e peciall on t e elderl people o o r ociet o income al o lead to poor ealt a ah h s y h y f u s y. L w s s h h s
per on lac t e inancial re o rce and mean t at contri te to ood ealt d cation al os ks h f s u s s h bu g h h. E u s
a an e ect on t e ealt o a per on a people o are ed cated are more a are o arioh s ff h h h f s s wh u w f v us
ealt pro lem and no t e mean to pre ent t em or c re t em nli e people o areh h b s k ws h s v h u h u k wh
not ed cated or in condition al o pla an important role on one ealt mitu . W k g s s ys ’s h h (S h, 2016).
People o or in actorie or mine are more open and cepti le to ealt relatedwh w k f s s sus b h h
pro lem eca e t e enco nter t e emi ion o arm l c emical and a e t at areb s b us h y u h ss f h fu h s g s s h
in rio to one ealtju us ’s h h.
People o do not a e a proper o e to li e in are al o in a reater dan er o einwh h v h us v s g g f b g
n ell a t e li e on t e road and leep on pa ementu w s h y v h s s v s. ad o e et al(G h k ., 2018) n omeI s
ocietie nderpri ile ed omen do not a e t e mean to ta e care o t em el e and t eirs s, u v g w h v h s k f h s v s h

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c ildren t ere erin rom ad ealt i erentl c allen ed people elon in to t eh , h by suff g f b h h. D ff y h g b g g h
nderpri ile ed ection o ociet are al o prone to ad ealt eca e o lac o re o rce andu v g s f s y s b h h b us f k f s u s
inancef (Adler et al., 2016).
T e t o ociolo ical t eorie ic e plain t e ocial determinant o ealt are t eh w s g h s wh h x h s s f h h h
al to enic model and t e Mar i t Per pecti e o ealt and illne Adler et alS u g h x s s v f h h ss ( ., 2016).
T e term al to ene i a een coined Aaron Antono a pro e or o medicalh S u g s s h s b by vsky, f ss f
ociolo T e ord al to ene i come rom t e atin ord al ic mean ealt ands gy. h w S u g s s s f h L w ‘s us’ wh h s h h
t e ree ord ene i ic mean ori inh G k w ‘g s s’ wh h s g arc a Mo a Mor an(G í - y & g , 2016). al to ene i iS u g s s s
a ealt related approac erein one oc e on actor t at lead to ood ealt rat er t anh h h wh f us s f s h g h h h h
on ne ati e actor t at lead to di ea e T e al to enic model al o oc e on t eg v f s h s s s. h S u g s f us s h
relation ip et een tre ealt and copinsh b w s ss, h h g. in er(S g , 2018)
Accordin to t e orld ealt r ani ation ood ealt i a tate o p ical ocialg h W H h O g z , g h h s s f hys , s
and mental ell ein and not merel t e a ence o di ea e mit Accordin to t ew -b g y h bs f s s s (S h, 2016). g h
Mar i t percepti e o ealt and illne ociet a a e impact o er a per on ealtx s v f h h ss, s y h s hug v s ’s h h.
man ociet ic i e entiall a con meri t ociet la a er ea emp a i onHu s y wh h s ss y su s s y ys v y h vy h s s
man act rin ood and con e entl con mption actorie are et p to man act reuf u g g s s qu y su . F s s u uf u
ood and prod ct on a lar e cale to meet t e increa in demand o con mer A actorieg s u s g s h s g f su s. s f s
are et p and ood made t e ealt o an indi id al i a ected eca e actorie emit mo es u g s , h h h f v u s ff b us f s s k
and poi ono a e ic i detrimental to one ealt t al o lead to ind trial di ea es us g s s, wh h s ’s h h. I s s us s s s
and ometime e en in rie d rin t e man act re o a prod ct in actorie adland et als s v ju s u g h uf u f u f s. (B .,
T e tre ic come it or in in a actor al o ne ati el a ect ealt o one2014). h s ss, wh h s w h w k g f y, s g v y ff s h h s

4A M TSOCIOLOGY SSIGN EN
can a t at t e proce o commodit prod ction in modern ocietie a a detrimental e ects y h h ss f y u s s h s ff
on one ealt T e e lar e cale prod ction proce o commoditie lead to en ironmental’s h h. h s g s u ss f s s v
poll tion and t e con mption o t e e n ealt prod ct a a detrimental e ect on oneu h su f h s u h hy u s h s ff ’s
ealt ra eman ottile on min proce ed ood canned and tinned prod cth h. ( B v &G b, 2014) C su g ss f s, u s,
prod ct ere c emical additi e are added to en re t eir lon e it are all detrimental tou s wh h v s su h g v y
t e ealt o a per on T e ealt o a per on al o depend on t e income and ealt o ah h h f s . h h h f s s s h w h f
per on ncome mone and ealt determine an indi id al tandard o li ins . I , y w h v u ’s s f v g. (Adler et al.,
2016). T e income and ealt o a per on are po er l determinant on ere a per onh w h f s w fu s wh s
re ide i t e can acce ed cation i t e can a ord ealt care t eir diet and i t e cans s, f h y ss u , f h y ff h h , h f h y
a ord to participate in recreational acti itie All t e e actor pla an e tremel important roleff v s. h s f s y x y
in t e ocial patternin o ealt o a per onh s g f h h f s .
t a o ten een noted t at people o are inanciall tron a e a i er li eI h s f b , h wh f y s g h v h gh f
e pectanc t an people o are poor and impo eri ed T mone i one o t e ocialx y h wh v sh . hus, y s f h s
determinant o ealt lac o ic can lead to maln trition di ea e and a ect t e enerals f h h, k f wh h, u , s s s ff h g
ell ein o a per on o er Pil rim T e e inancial di erence a e led to a reaterw -b g f s . (R g s & g 2014) h s f ff s h v g
nder tandin o t e relation ip et een mone and ood ealt lac o ic a ect t eu s g f h sh b w y g h h, k f wh h ff s h
li e pan o a per onf s f s . People o are impo eri ed and poor a e a reater ri o illne andwh v sh h v g sk f ss
premat re deat t an people o are inanciall ta le and ric T e e ect are not onlu h h wh f y s b h. h ff s y
con ined to t e poor eca e t e ocial radient in ealt c t acro t e man pop lationf h b us h s g s h h u s ss h hu u
and a ect people elon in to t e middle cla a ell erein people o are or in at aff s b g g h ss s w wh wh w k g
lo er ran are more prone to di ea e t an people or in at a i er ran in erw k s s s h w k g h gh k. (S g 2018 )

5A M TSOCIOLOGY SSIGN EN
i in in a ociet one i o nd to e pla ed tre l circ m tance ic in t rnL v g s y, s b u b gu by s ssfu u s s, wh h u
lead to poor ealt and a lot o added tre T e con tant eelin o an iet lo els h h f s ss. h s f g f x y, w s f –
e teem ocial i olation re ltin rom ocial e cl ion and lac o control o er one o n li es , s s su g f s x us k f v ’s w f ,
ot per onal and pro e ional a e detrimental e ect on ealt Prolon ed an iet o er anb h s f ss h v ff s h h. g x y v
e tended period o time and in ec rit al o lead to tre depre ion and poor ealt eni ex f s u y s s ss, ss h h. (H z
et al., 2015)
ocio economic po ition al o lead to c ronic di ea e incl din cardio a c larS s s s h s s s u g v s u
di ea e cancer and Al eimer di ea e P c o ocial mec ani m lead to an increa e in t es s s, zh ’s s s . sy h s h s s s h
c ole terol le el and al o lead to decrea ed imm nit o er Pil rim Po ert andh s v , s s u y (R g s & g 2014). v y
e cl ion rom ociet can pro e er detrimental to one ealt and are a ma or ca e ox us f s y v v y ’s h h j us f
premat re deat People o are poor and nemplo ed poor and di a led and omeleu h. wh u y , s b h ss
people are at t e i e t ri o ac irin di ea e nemplo ment a ect t e ealt o ah h gh s sk f qu g s s s. U y ff s h h h f
per ons .
e eral t die a e o n t at ealt al o er en people lac t e opport nit toS v s u s h v sh w h h h s suff s wh k h u y
e all t eir ill ealt al o er i o er a lon period o time people are not con lted orus h sk s. H h s suff s f v g f , su f
ta in important deci ion at t e or place ce i el lon tirin o r at t e or place al ok g s s h w k . Ex ss v y g g h u s h w k s
lead to lo ac pain and cardio a c lar di ea e ic te ti ie to t e act t at poor ealt is w b k v s u s s s, wh h s f s h f h h h s
al o related to or en ironment o a place in ers w k v f . (S g 2018)
eepin all t e e actor in mind a per on o ld tr and li e in a ealt a manner aK g h s f s , s sh u y v s h hy s
po i le A per on o ld eat ell leep ade atel e erci e re larl tr to alle iate tress b . s sh u w , s qu y, x s gu y, y v s ss
rom t eir li e a m c a po i le ot on t e per onal ront and in t e or place and it if h f s u h s ss b b h h s f h w k , s

6A M TSOCIOLOGY SSIGN EN
t e re pon i ilit o ociet to en re t at e er od lead a lon ealt app and ah s s b y f s y su h v yb y s g h hy h y
prod cti e li e ociet o ld en re t at e er od a e acce to ood clot in elteru v f . S y sh u su h v yb y h v ss f , h g, sh ,
ed cation o opport nitie ealt care t ere elpin to alle iate po ert rom ocietu , j b u s, h h , h by h g v v y f s y.
Po ert lead to ad ealt and it i t e role o e er indi id al and ociet to en re t ev y s b h h s h f v y v u s y su h
alle iation o po ert in order to miti ate di ea ev f v y g s s s.

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