Health Promotion Report: Strategies, Models, and Conflicts in the UK

This report provides a detailed overview of health promotion strategies and models in the UK. It examines the impacts of socio-economic situations on health, assesses the relevance of government sources in reporting health inequalities, and identifies barriers to accessing healthcare. The repo...Read More

Health Promotion

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1.................................................................................................................................................3
1 Impacts of socio-economic situations on health ..........................................................................3
2 Assess the relevance of government sources in reporting on inequalities in health.....................3
3 Reasons for barriers to accessing healthcare facilities..................................................................3
TASK 2.................................................................................................................................................4
1 Analyse the links between government strategies and models of health promotion....................4
2 Explain the role of professionals in meeting government targets for health promotion...............4
3 Discuss the role of routines in promoting healthy living..............................................................4
TASK 3.................................................................................................................................................5
1 Concept of health belief and examine 3 health beliefs that are present in the UK society...........5
2 Discuss the possible effects of potential
conflicts with local industry on health promotion..........................................................................5
3 Explain the importance of providing relevant health-related information to the public..............5
CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES.....................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
One of the main aim of health promotion activities is to reduce different types of illness that
is caused due change in lifestyles and dietary habits in individuals in UK (Alizadeh, Mortazavi and
Sepehri, 2014). If a person is adopting healthy habits then there are very less chances that they will
encounter any types of diseases but the chances of developing diseases and illness in an individual
increases if they do not follow proper lifestyle and eating habits. Some of the major diseases which
are very common are cancer, diabetes, tuberculosis and other cardiovascular disorders. There are
many reasons which can cause these diseases such as smoking, alcohol consumption and improper
lifestyles (Dėjus and Antuchevičienė, 2013). Various strategies should be implemented so that
positive health outcomes are produced and health is promoted in a better way.
The report will cover different health promotion strategies and models that can help in
promoting health in UK. It will also include potential conflicts and barriers that are caused due to
different health promotion activities.
TASK 1
1 Impacts of socio-economic situations on health
In recent times it has been noticed that there are several impacts of socio-economic situation
on health which are very necessary to be eliminated so that negative outcomes of health are not
produced. Some of the impact of socio-economic situations on health are mentioned below.
Long term unemployment: If a person is not employed for a considerable period of time then he
will become frustrated and depressed (Enright, 2014). This will definitely produce negative effect
on mental state of a person In such cases the person starts to inculcate bad habits such as drinking
alcohol and chewing tobacco.
Finance security for big families: Due to large families and more than two n children in a family it
is very difficult to take care of all the children at a same time. This also creates a negative impact on
health of those children in UK (Häkkinen and Niemelä, 2015).
2 Assess the relevance of government sources in reporting on inequalities in health
Different health surveys in UK are conducted so that government is able to analyse and
report various health inequalities that is existing in UK (Hermanus, Coulson and Pillay, 2015).
Various surveys such as Health and Lifestyle Surveys (HALS) and Health Survey for England
(HSFE) are both the organisations of UK government that gathers information from various
sources so that they are able to promote health to citizens of UK. These surveys are helpful for UK
government because it assist in designing proper strategies and plans that can be implemented for
health promotional activities. Although all the strategies that are formulated do not prove to be
effective but they help in promoting health to a higher extent (Keane, 2014). It is also beneficial as
it fulfil the needs and requirements of all the citizens.

3 Reasons for barriers to accessing healthcare facilities
There are various barriers that do not allow individuals to access different healthcare
activities that are provided by healthcare settings at local and communal level. Some of them have
been stated below.
Physical barrier: If a person is not able to move from one place to another independently and is
dependant on others than it will be a physical barrier for him to access healthcare services. Every
time they have to take help from others (Kintu, Kyakula and Kikomeko, 2015).
Psychological barrier: Psychological barrier creates an hindrance to access facilities when a person
is not mentally fit. For example if a person has developed psychology for some kind of medical
treatment then he/she will not undergo that particular type of treatment.
Financial barrier: All people do not have same income and hence in several cases it becomes
difficult for individuals to access different healthcare facilities due to high cost (Lingard, 2013).
TASK 2
1 Analyse the links between government strategies and models of health promotion
Health promotion models and strategies are developed with the aim of promoting health so
that all the individuals live a healthy life. Government of UK has designed many strategies so that
they are able to improve health outcomes to a considerable level. Different health promotion models
have been discussed below.
Social model: In this type of model no medical treatment is used and it only considers social
aspects for treating an individual (Olagbegi, Kwasi-Effah and Ugbi, 2013). One of the best example
can be use of social models in for quitting the habits of smoking.
Behavioural model: This model can be implemented to change the behaviour and attitude of a
person towards a particular situation. This is generally used for patients with mental disorders.
Medical model: This is generally used when a person requires medical treatment for particular
diseases or habit. For example if a person is not able to stop smoking then through medical model
medicines can be provided to the individual (Reinhold, Kalle and Paju, 2014).
2 Explain the role of professionals in meeting government targets for health promotion
For promoting health in UK it is very necessary to design various targets so that all are
aware about different disease that can be caused if measures are not taken in proper way. Some
commonly targeted health strategies are Anti-smoking, every child matters and vaccination (Siti
Hajar and et.al, 2013). In order to meet the needs and targets of government, all the professionals
have been consistently employed in providing better services to all the individuals so that health
outcomes are improved. It is noted that 17% people suffer from life threatening disease due to lack
of vaccination. Hence government has made an effort to provide vaccination to all the children of
UK so that they are saved from dreadful diseases.

3 Discuss the role of routines in promoting healthy living
It is very necessary to build up proper routines so that healthy living is promoted in all the
citizens of UK. If a person has not developed healthy habits then it will lead to cause various
disease (Vimal, Vinodh and Raja, 2015). For example if hygiene and cleanliness is not maintained
in house at other place then it will lead to various bacterial and viral infection that can produce
illness in individuals. But if proper schedule and routine is maintained than it will definitely have a
positive outcomes on health of a person. It is also very necessary to develop healthy eating habits
because it helps in maintaining proper strength and rigidity in the body with age.
TASK 3
1 Concept of health belief and examine 3 health beliefs that are present in the UK society
Different concept of health belief that are present in UK society are discussed below.
Health Belief Model: According to this model it is stated that the overall thoughts of an individual
are based on its own perceptions (Zhang and et.al, 2013). Hence it is very necessary to develop
certain strategies that can help in understanding the behaviour of a person properly,
Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA): This model helps in understanding the behaviour of a person or
their attitude when they handle different situations.
Health Action Model: Psychological theory is directly linked to the health action model because it
helps in changing compromising behaviour into enhancing behaviour so that health is promoted
(Alizadeh, Mortazavi and Sepehri, 2014).
2 Discuss the possible effects of potential
conflicts with local industry on health promotion
Although health promotion activities are conducted for the betterment of citizens of UK but
there are many barriers which are faced by local and communal authorities in order to implement
various activities and campaigns (Dėjus and Antuchevičienė, 2013). For example if schools and
other GP's services are organising various campaigns in order to stop the habit of alcohol or tobacco
chewing then all the local authorities are not abler to abide by those campaigns and activities. Even
if awareness among school going children and individual is created but the sales of tobacco and
alcohol is reduced which proved to be a potential conflict with local authorities in promoting health
and well-being (Enright, 2014).
3 Explain the importance of providing relevant health-related information to the public
Without providing necessary information about health related outcomes to public of UK it is
very difficult to promote health in positive manner (Häkkinen and Niemelä, 2015). Hence it is very
essential to provide relevant health related information so that health is promoted. For example, if a
person is unaware about the health consequences and adversities that can be produced due to
tobacco smoking then he will not be able to leave smoking at any stage in his/her life. Awareness

will help him/her in saving from encountering different diseases.
CONCLUSION
Health promotion and different aspects related to the topic were thoroughly discussed in the
report. Further, relevance of providing healthcare information to public was also discussed in the
file. A direct link of health promotional models with the government strategies was also discussed
which was followed by potential conflicts which arises between local authorities in promoting
health in citizens of UK.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Alizadeh, S.S., Mortazavi, S.B. and Sepehri, M.M., 2014. Building a model using bayesian network
for assessment of posterior probabilities of falling from height at workplaces. Health
promotion perspectives. 4(2). p.187.
Dėjus, T. and Antuchevičienė, J., 2013. Assessment of health and safety solutions at a construction
site. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management. 19(5). pp.728-737.
Enright, P.T., 2014. Work Health & Safety legislation; the fire engineer’s neglected duty?. Case
Studies in Fire Safety. 2. pp.1-8.
Häkkinen, K. and Niemelä, V., 2015. Accident Sources and Prevention in the Construction Industry
—Some Recent Developments in Finland. In Integrated Occupational Safety and Health
Management. Springer International Publishing.
Hermanus, M., Coulson, N. and Pillay, N., 2015. Mine Occupational Safety and Health Leading
Practice Adoption System (MOSH) examined-the promise and pitfalls of this employer-led
initiative to improve health and safety in South African Mines. Journal of the Southern
African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. 115(8).pp.717-727.
Keane, M.J., 2014. An Evaluation of Welding Processes to Reduce Hexavalent Chromium
Exposures and Reduce Costs by Using Better Welding Techniques. Environmental health
insights. 8(1). p.47.
Kintu, D., Kyakula, M. and Kikomeko, J., 2015. Occupational safety training and practices in
selected vocational training institutions and workplaces in Kampala, Uganda. International
Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. 21(4). pp.532-538.
Lingard, H., 2013. Occupational health and safety in the construction industry. Construction
Management and Economics. 31(6). pp.505-514.
Olagbegi, P.O., Kwasi-Effah, C.C. and Ugbi, B.A., 2013. Assessment of health and safety practice
in engineering workshop. International Journal of Engineering Sciences. 2(7). pp.297-301.
Reinhold, K., Kalle, S. and Paju, J., 2014. Exposure to high or low frequency noise at workplaces:
differences between assessment, health complaints and implementation of adequate personal
protective equipment. Agronomy research. 12(3). pp.895-906.
Siti Hajar, Y. and et.al., 2013. In vitro Cytotoxicity of Mild Steel and Stainless Steel Welding Fumes
using Human-derived cells. Health. 4(2). pp.20-36.
Vimal, K.E.K., Vinodh, S. and Raja, A., 2015. Modelling, assessment and deployment of strategies
for ensuring sustainable shielded metal arc welding process–a case study. Journal of Cleaner
Production. 93. pp.364-377.
Zhang, M. and et.al., 2013. Workplace exposure to nanoparticles from gas metal arc welding
process. Journal of nanoparticle research. 15(11). pp.1-14.