Overweight and Obesity: A Comprehensive Public Health Analysis Report

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of overweight and obesity as significant public health issues, examining their prevalence, health consequences, and economic impacts. It delves into the interventions of various stakeholders, including governments and global organizations like the WHO, while also addressing the obstacles to implementing systematic approaches. The report highlights the importance of evidence-based technologies, healthcare professional involvement, and effective policies to encourage healthy lifestyles. It concludes with recommendations for improving education, promoting healthy eating, and increasing physical activity to combat the rising global rates of obesity. The analysis underscores the need for coordinated efforts and systemic changes to address this critical health challenge.

Running Head: HEALTH SYSTEM & ECONOMICS
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HEALTH SYSTEM & ECONOMICS

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Executive summary
Overweight and obesity prevalence has improved substantially in past decades. It has
increased the health consequences and considered as the critical health issue in 21st century.
Stakeholder takes the preventive action by applying cohesive and comprehensive processes
which are systematic and based on evidences. The purpose of the paper is to analyze and identify
the solution for public health issue obesity and overweight.

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Table of Contents
Executive summary.........................................................................................................................1
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Public health issue...........................................................................................................................3
Interventions of stakeholders...........................................................................................................4
Obstacles to the applying system approach.....................................................................................5
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................6
Recommendations............................................................................................................................6
Bibliography....................................................................................................................................7

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Introduction
Overweight and obesity are known as the excessive and abnormal fat which
accumulations which impact the health badly. The world health organization is commonly used
as the Body mass index (BMI). This indicates an accuracy level of overweight and obesity in
adults. In 2016, World health organization (WHO) has found that more than 1.9 billion adults
aged 18 years and over were overweight in which more than 650 million were obese (World
Health Organization, 2020). This was estimated by the WHO that more than 39% of an adult
were overweight. Obesity prevalence has been tripled from 1975 to 2016 (World Health
Organization, 2020). Further discussion will cover the public health issue overweight and
obstacles, interventions of stakeholders, and obstacles in a systematic approach with
recommendations.
Public health issue
Obesity is preventable. This is a public health issue as most of the population at the
global level lives within the nations in which it kills more people compare to underweight. Few
years, ago it was counted as the problem of high-income nations. It has now raised within the
low and middle-income nations, especially within the urban areas. This has been founded in
Africa that children under the age of 5 have increased by more than 50 % since 2000 (Asia
Economics Times, 2014). In 2018, it was founded that half of the kids under 5 that were obese
lived in (Asia Economics Times, 2014). At a global level, more people are obese compare to
underweight. It occurs in every single region compare to Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. There are
many causes of obesity and overweight that present the energy imbalance between the calories
consumed and expanded.
There is increased intake regarding the energy-dense foods which are high within the
sugars and fat. There is increased physical inactivity because of the increasingly sedentary nature
of work, increasing and changing urbanization and transportation modes. Changes within the
patterns of dietary and physical are results regarding changes in environment and society which
associated with the lack of development of supportive policies within the segment like food
processing, education, health, transport, marketing, and many more (Garrett, 2019).

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It has raised the main risk factors for non-communicable diseases like diabetes, cancer,
cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal disorders. Childhood obesity associated with a high chance
regarding obesity, early death, and disability within adulthood. This has increased the future
risks, obese facing breathing issues, fractures risk increased, hypertension, and psychological
effects (JLN, 2020).
Interventions of stakeholders
Stakeholder identification is very important phase within the prioritization process. Main
factor engage the stakeholder group are leadership from national governments. Leadership is
important to ensure that stakeholder work to the common objectives and ensure the proper
coordination (New South Wales Department of Health, 2005). Effective coordination contributes
to the efficiency and effectiveness of prevention activities of obesity. Stakeholders within the
health care system are entities which essentially involved and significantly affected through
reforms system.
 Government (National, subnational, local)
Government plays the very important role to achieve the comprehensive result regarding the
childhood obesity prevention. There is responsibility of the government to take the preventive
action and health protection from societal to community level. Government takes the appropriate
actions in areas like leadership, regulatory policy, funding, and advocacy (Griffiths, Maggs, &
George, 2020).
 Global and regional organizations (WHO, European Union, UNICEF, World Bank,
World Trade Organization, FAO)
The appropriate objectives of the global organizations includes the health promotions, formation
of the fair and justifiable societies, improvement within the living standards, minimizing the
poverty though nations development and contribute to the growth of economy. Global and
national level organization which influences the physical activity environment and food promote
and support the approaches. These identify the public health issues and targets to ensure that its
activities negatively not impact the food and physical activities. Global and national

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organizations play the very important role to promote and coordination approaches within the
relevant international agencies (Griffiths, Maggs, & George, 2020).
Obstacles to the applying system approach
In today’s time obesity has turned within the global scourge, increasing to the incredible
decent many nations and populace. Overweight leads to a high level of critical causes and known
as the framework issue (Bellows, et al., 2015). Energy expenditure and calorie intake determine
the weight of a person.
 Modern technologies
Health care professional not takes the part to formulate to create the healthy environment in
school and health care system. These kinds of approach inadvertently accelerate the social and
health inequalities (Bagnall, & Radley, 2019).
 Lack of monitoring and evaluation of policies
Lack of monitoring and policies evaluation within the health care system is known as obstacles.
These create the gape for the funding from government to improve the health care system and
increase the physical activities (Economic Times, 2014).
 Social and global trends
There are many trends at social and global level which is increasing the bad habits for eating the
unhealthy food. This is an obstacles which increasing the weight of people and lead to create the
uncertainty regarding the physical activities of people (Rubin, & Friedman, 2014).
Conclusion
In the limelight of the discussion, it can be concluded that obesity scourge kept on
spreading around the globe. Further discussion covers that overweight known as the public
health issue which is regularly increasing. There are obstacles to apply the framework
approaches for health care system and physical activities. These have forced to apply the new
strategies and methodologies which lead to effectively implement the approaches to improve the
health care system and increase the physical activities.

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Recommendations
Evidence based technologies will remain the effective to improve education and inform
the children, people, and healthy lifestyles. Proper involvement of health care professionals in
new techniques will increase the sedentary behavior. Policies with the effective participation of
healthcare professionals should be designed to encourage the availability of healthy options and
free school meals. Effective formulation of policies will ensure the healthy environment at
school and health care system by encouraging the physical activities and healthy eating. Proper
education with the many programs will encourage the people to eat healthy food and increase the
physical activities (Drewnowski, 2004).
Bibliography
Bagnall, A.-M., & Radley, D. (2019, 01 03). Whole systems approaches to obesity and other
complex public health challenges: a systematic review. Retrieved from BMC Public
Health: https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-018-6274-z
Bellows, M., Kovacs Burns, K., Jackson, K., Surgeoner, B. and Gallivan, J., 2015. Meaningful
and effective patient engagement: what matters most to stakeholders. Patient Experience
Journal, 2(1), pp.18-28.
Drewnowski, A. (2004). Obesity and food environment. American Journal Of Preventive
Machine, 27(03), 154-162.

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Econimics Times. (2014, 11 21). Obesity costs global economy $2 trillion: Study. Retrieved from
Economic Times:
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/healthcare/obesity-
costs-global-economy-2-trillion-study/articleshow/45228369.cms
Garrett, L. (2019, 09 20). The World Knows an Apocalyptic Pandemic Is Coming. Retrieved
from Foreignpolicy: https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/09/20/the-world-knows-an-
apocalyptic-pandemic-is-coming/
Griffiths, J., Maggs, H., & George, E. (2020, 03 23). Stakeholder Involvement’: Background
paper prepared for the WHO/WEF joint event on Preventing Noncommunicable Diseases
in the Workplace. Retrieved from World Health Organization:
https://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/workplace/en/
JLN. (2020, 03 17). INTRODUCING THE KEY STAKEHOLDERS: PATIENTS, PROVIDERS,
PAYORS, AND POLICYMAKERS (THE FOUR P’S). Retrieved from Pressbooks:
https://jln1.pressbooks.com/chapter/3-introducing-the-key-stakeholders-patients-
providers-payors-and-policymakers-the-four-ps/
New South Wales Department of Health. (2005, 03 01). Best options for promoting healthy
weight and preventing weight gain in NSW. Retrieved from health.nsw.gov.au:
https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/heal/Pages/healthy-weight.aspx
Rubin, J. C., & Friedman, C. P. (2014). Weaving together a healthcare improvement tapestry:
The learning health system brings together health IT data stakeholders to share
knowledge and improve health. Journal of AHIMA, 85(5), 38-43.
World Health Organization. (2020, 03 22). Obesity and overweight. Retrieved from World
Health Organization: https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-
overweight