Care Planning Processes, Models, and Theoretical Perspectives

This report delves into the intricacies of care planning processes within the healthcare domain, providing a comprehensive analysis of different assessment models such as APIE and ASPIRE, and their practical implementation. It explores the application of various theoretical perspectives to care planning, including social care and behavioral theories, and their impact on patient outcomes. The report examines the responsibilities and duties associated with promoting person-centered care, the role of risk assessment, and the challenges and benefits of implementing care plans in the workplace. Furthermore, it discusses strategies to overcome barriers to care planning, the contribution of individuals and families to the evaluation process, and the importance of teamwork and leadership in developing supportive approaches. The report concludes with a critical reflection on the planning process in relation to healthcare practice, highlighting the significance of effective communication and holistic well-being in promoting individualized care.

Care Planning Processes in
Healthcare Practice

INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................4
TASK 1....................................................................................................................................................4
P1 Compare the different models of assessment and their implementation in healthcare..............4
P2 Discuss the application of theoretical perspectives to the care planning process in a healthcare
setting................................................................................................................................................7
M1 Review how the legislative and regulatory framework that support equality and diversity is
reflected in the assessment and care planning process.....................................................................9
D1 Evaluate the influence of different theoretical perspectives on models of planning and
assessment used in the workplace..................................................................................................10
TASK 2..................................................................................................................................................11
P3 Discuss responsibilities and duties of own role in promoting person-centered care planning...11
P4 Demonstrate own contribution to the care planning process and use of care plans in the setting
.........................................................................................................................................................13
M2 Demonstrate the promotion of an individual’s holistic wellbeing through effective
communication when implementing a plan of care in own workplace...........................................13
M3 Review the application of risk assessment process in promoting person-centred planning in
own workplace................................................................................................................................13
D2 Critically review the challenges of developing care plans that meet the needs of the individual
and their required outcomes...........................................................................................................14
TASK 3..................................................................................................................................................14
P5 Discuss the barriers to implementing care planning in the setting.............................................14
P6 Review the benefits of the use of care plans in ensuring the needs of the individual are
prioritized........................................................................................................................................15
M4 Critically discuss the use of strategies developed to overcome any barriers to implementing
care plans.........................................................................................................................................16
D3 Critically review the challenges of developing care plans that meet the needs of the individual
and their required outcomes...........................................................................................................16
TASK 4..................................................................................................................................................16
P7 Discuss the ways in which the individual and family contributes to evaluation of the care
process.............................................................................................................................................16
P8 Review aspects of the care planning process and their impact upon the individual, family and
carers...............................................................................................................................................17
M5 Critically discuss the importance of team work and leadership in developing supportive
approaches for the individual and family in the planning of care....................................................18
D4 Critically reflect upon the planning process in relation to own practice in the healthcare setting
.........................................................................................................................................................18
CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................................18

REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................................19
Appendix 1...........................................................................................................................................20
Appendix 2...........................................................................................................................................23

INTRODUCTION
The procedure in which professionals of healthcare and patients agree, discuss and
review action plan in order to attain and achieve behaviour or goal change of all patients
(Batalden, et. al., 2016). This written document is called care planning process. It is very
important that to provide full care to the patients who are suffering from various diseases.
These are called healthcare practices which are followed by all heath and care service units.
The organization chosen for report is BMI Healthcare which was founded in 1970 at London,
United Kingdom. It is private independent healthcare which provide treatment to medically
and NHS patients. It is operating 59 hospitals in UK and serving worldwide in effective
manner. The report covers various methods of assessment along with implementation care
plans at workplace in order to meet desired outcomes for individuals and application of
theoretical perspectives to care planning process. This report cover challenges and benefits of
planning person centred care in workplace. There are some responsibilities and duties for
promoting person centred care planning along with their barriers. The care planning process
has benefits as well as impact on individual and family. It has also highlights about impact of
planning of care on practitioners, family, carers and individuals in relation to own practices.
TASK 1
P1 Compare the different models of assessment and their implementation in healthcare
Healthcare is very important for human being to live happy and prosperous life. It is
the responsibility of healthcare agency to provide services in an effective and efficient
manner so that people live healthy and freely. The different models of assessment and their
implementation in healthcare are described below:
APIE Model
Assessment- This is called first step that involves data collection and thinking skills.
Here, subjective and objective are used where subjective means verbal statements from
caregiver or patient and objectives are measured in terms of tangible and measurable data in
terms of intake, output, weight, height and vital signs. Apart from this, data can be collected
from primary caregivers or patient directly or family and friends. There are electronic
methods from where data can be collected in effective and efficient manner.

Domiciliary Care - This is called second stage of health care model which means
formulation of care through employing clinical judgement that helps in planning and
implementation of patient care (Chan, et, al, 2016). It is also defined as the planed care
system at domiciliary based who still live in their own homes but require additional support
with activities, including household tasks, individual care and any other activity that allows
them to maintain both their independence and quality of life. The main activities are included
Personal and continence care, Managing medication, Helping to mobilize in and around the
home, Household tasks and meal preparation, and Clinical care, including catheter and stoma
management and PEG feeding. Here, domiciliary care is defined as clinical judgement of
responses about actual or potential health problems of family, patient and community. It is
based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs which assist in planning and prioritize about patient
centered outcomes in order to compare between two theories APIE and ASPIRE, (Bernacki
and Block, 2014). They are described below:
 Basic Physiological Needs- This includes nutrition, airway, elimination, circulation,
breathing, sleep, exercise and other.
 Safety and Security- It includes injury prevention, fostering climate of safety and
trust, patient education.
 Love and Belonging- This includes foster supportive relationship, methods for
avoiding social isolation, communication, listening techniques and others.
 Self–Esteem- This means to acceptance in community, personal achievement,
accepting physical appearance and body habits.
 Self-Actualization- This means spiritual growth, reaching maximum potential and
empowering environment and so on.
Planning- It means formulation of outcomes and goals which impact patient based on
EDP guidelines. The goals of patient and their attainment assist in positive results. Goals are
set on basis of nursing care plans. These care plans aid in providing direction for personalised
care tailored for needs of individuals. The plan helps in enhancement of documentation,
communication, reimbursement and continuity across healthcare continuum. Therefore goals
should be made on SMART so that better outcome is achieved.

Implementation- It is defined as stage that includes actual way of carrying nursing
interventions mentioned in plan of care (Coulter and et. al., 2015). This requires interventions
of nursing like cardiac oxygen or monitor, medication administration, indirect or direct care,
EDP standards, standard treatment protocols.
Recheck and Evaluation- This is called last stage of nursing process which is
positive patient outcome. There is requirement of reassessment which depends on overall
condition of patient. The care plan is adapted on data provided on basis of new assessment.
ASPIRE Model
Explore- Exploring would be the first step which may take a whole session, in this
the health provider explore the issues, background, health related factors of client. This is the
only chance of health provider to ask all appropriate questions required to build a clear
scenario about the history of clients mental and physical health. This will not only establish a
relationship with client but this will also make health provider trustworthy. In this context,
doctors has to identify issues, problems of their patients so that real cause could be identified.
Inspire- After getting a clear picture of clients background and desires it is time for
inspiration. The health coach boost the client to know her/her lifestyle, hobbies, interests, any
ancestral diseases, past experiences, any episode of mental or physical problems. This phase
make the client to think beyond his/her comfort zone and would allow the coach to know
what specific health problem the client or any of his/her family member may experience. In
this context, medical care has to inspire lifestyle, disease and other aspects of patients in an
effective and efficient manner.
Create- Once the client is inspired the coach will specifies and rank his/her health
condition into categories. This would assist the client to know what possible help he/she can
get from health coach to cope his medical condition by proper planning and realistic
practices. The health care has to create positive environment for their patients and analyse
way for providing them support and care.
Act- Once the plan has been made it is time to act. The coach will help the client to
overcome his/her health problem by providing him few therapies and sessions depending
upon the goal. The coach will record and attain all possible observations on clients behaviour,
and progress. New techniques may be adopted to overcome any failure. It is the stage where
treatment should be provided in best possible manner.

Reflect- After attaining the goal, the client will reflect on how the goal was
accomplished and will learn lesson from his/her failure as a feedback. The health coach will
make sure to assist client through this step and to ensure the client has better condition. In this
stage health care will see whether patients are getting well or not and take feedback from
them in best possible manner.
The both model are used in healthcare which helps in identifying various stages
required to treat patients in an effective and efficient manner. The main difference is that
AIPE Model do assessment first of tangible things such as weights and so on whereas
ASPIRE Model helps in identifying diseases and providing treatment accordingly for better
health.
Therefore, with these above models of assessment and implementation in healthcare
helps in achievement of better goal and objectives in an effective and efficient manner.
P2 Discuss the application of theoretical perspectives to the care planning process in a
healthcare setting
Care planning is defined as process of identifying health of individual, social risks and
identify needs as per level and kinds of support that is required in meeting objectives as well
as needs in order to achieve potential outcomes. It is very important to care plan process in
healthcare setting in effective and efficient manner so that goal and objectives can be
achieved. There is various application of theoretical perspective to the care planning process
in a healthcare setting. They are described below:
Social Care Theory- It is defined as that theory in which people dedicate their life in
helping others in practical way. This is also called as helping people help themselves in order
to change behavior of both individuals and communities. Here, direct social services assist in
addressing individual problems in order to enhance capacity for meeting social obligations.
The social development work mainly focus on correcting long term problems in
communities. This provide care to the society people to make them happy and live joyful life.
Therefore, in case of care planning process in healthcare setting such theory is required. With
the providing of social care leads individuals to help in practical way for their care.
Behavioural Theory- It is called an approach which focuses on psychology that has
emerged in 20th century as a reaction to psychoanalytic theory of time (Glasgow and et. al.,
2012). This theory has difficulty in making predictions that uses rigorous experimental

methods. It is the belief, thoughts and internal physiological events which are learned from
environment. This is applied in treatment of mental problems which is called behaviour
modification. With the learning there is change in behaviour of individual which is
experience and accomplished through operant and classical conditioning. Behaviourism is
expanded in advances in cognitive theories. When there is disagreement in cognitive and
behaviourism schools of psychological thought then there is cognitive behavioural therapy
which is used in different mental disorders like addiction and phobias. This theory is mainly
used in order to treat autism children to change their normalise autistic behaviours. It is very
important to develop plan for behavioral of individuals in an effective and efficient manner.
Humanistic Approaches- Humanistic approach is very pragmatic to the patients and
the carer gives outmost effort to support their patients. They are trying to understand that
compassion of power for healing. As the ideology of humanistic reveals based sparked the
Renaissance, places a high value on human beings, human culture and the human experience.
This is focused on how inner energies of human being interact with external forces for
impacting emotional development (Grol and et. al., 2013). Emotions play an effective role in
human behaviour and concerned with internal drivers, needs, emotions which motivates
human behaviour. This theory assumes that unconscious and conscious mental activity helps
in motivating human behaviour which internalized experiences like shaping personality
development and functioning. The experiences and emotions leads to problems of living
individual life. This theory helps individual to get various experiences from environment and
live happy life without any obstacles. It is very important to develop care for each and every
human so that they get proper treatment in an effective manner for positive outcomes.

Therefore, these are the three main applications of theoretical perspectives to the care
planning process in healthcare setting.
M1 Review how the legislative and regulatory framework that support equality and diversity
is reflected in the assessment and care planning process
The different legislative and regulatory framework that support equality and diversity
is reflected in assessment and care planning process are:
Care Needs Assessment- In this framework, what types of care and need is identified
in effective and efficient manner (Heyland and et. al., 2013). Here, all the patients should be
treated equality without doing any discrimination in appropriate manner. There are various
care required in different field which should be identified in proper manner.
Outcome Based Assessment- When care is given then outcome is achieved which
can be positive and negative. It is important to use such framework in order to support
equality and diversity in proper manner. If treatment is provided in good way then outcome is
positive and if not provided in proper way then it is called negative way.
Risk Assessment- There are various types of risk which can come across while
providing treatment to patients so it is important to analyse and meditate those in proper

manner for better outcomes. This framework helps in supporting diversity and equality for
care planning process.
Face to face Assessment- In this framework, treatment is provided by asking patient
face to face so that they can know about their disease and get effective outcomes. It helps in
supporting equality and diversity for care planning process.
Apart from above, the different legislation are as follows:
Equality Act, 2010- While planning and doing care assessment, it is very important
to follow equality so that none of the individual will die due to lack of health care facilities.
Each of the people should be given equal treatment and care for fast recovery.
GDPR 2018- It means General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) that provide
greater and rights protection to data subjects in an effective and efficient manner. It is very
important to maintain each and every data related to health care and planning so that
treatment can be provided in an effective and efficient manner.
Mental Capacity Act, 2005- This act is applicable to each and every individual who
are involved in care, support and treatment of people having age of 16 and over residing in
Wales and England who cannot make own decisions. The act is designed to restore and
power to those people who lack capacity.
Care Act, 2014- This act is made to funded support and care at public level. With
such act, individuals are provided with care and support for better medical facilities. This act
is mainly framed for providing assistance to adults people of society in an effective and
efficient manner for positive outcomes. It assign duties in regards with assessing need and
demand of people and their eligibility for publicly support as well as care.
D1 Evaluate the influence of different theoretical perspectives on models of planning and
assessment used in the workplace
There are various theoretical perspectives on models of planning and assessment used
in workplace which helps in achievement of goal and objectives. This includes social care,
behavioural and psychodynamics approaches, care act and care support planning and so on
that provides guideline and help individual to avail good health in effectual manner. These
theoretical perspectives has used in planning model to make better plan in appropriate
manner so that final outcome can be achieved. In context of social care, each and every

people living in society are provided with proper treatment. The main advantage is that it is
provided to society people only and disadvantage is that other lack such care and support to
recover themselves in proper manner. In context of behavioural aspect, behaviour of
individual should be analyse properly and accordingly treatment should be provided in best
possible manner. These theoretical perspectives assist to provide proper health care facilities
to the individuals in order to treat them well for fast recovery.
TASK 2
P3 Discuss responsibilities and duties of own role in promoting person-centered care
planning
Case 1
The patient with age of 40 years named John has been suffering from a mental health
issues i.e. dementia which is determined by his confused behavior and forgetfulness. His
office colleagues and friends observe that he forget the way from home to office and not able
to perform with proper concentration. His family members complaints about hos memory
issues and behavioral changes. Physicians conduct MRI, physical examination and genetics
and neurological tests to determine a cause of evaluated symptoms and provide care &
medication properly. Genetics is identified as a cause behind dementia because John's mother
was also have this psychological issue. As an domiciliary care worker, it is a responsibility to
provide his current medication of Galantamine (Razadyne, Razadyne ER, Reminyl) on time
for improving patients condition as soon as possible. It is also important to provide
rehabilitation therapy for eliminating the confused behavior of John to make him healthy.
Case 2
Alex is a 35 years old male with extra BMI and physician consider him as an obese
patient. He has an unhealthy lifestyle as determined by his physicians as is family prefer to
eat heavy fat food products and oily eatable items. His mother and father also have additional
weight which is not healthy for them. Alex has a problem of high blood pressure and high
cholesterol which is caused due to extra fat in body. It is a responsibility of domiciliary care
worker to make proper diet plan for Alex and encourage him to intake nutritious juices and
food by strictly avoiding oily eatable items. It is necessary to motivate Alex towards daily
physical exercise, yoga and meditation to remain healthy. It is essential to render information
to patients about his forthcoming issues due to obesity like high blood pressure, stroke

diabetes etc. Care practitioners are also accountable to encourage his family members also to
include physical work out and balanced diet in their daily routine to maintain their body
weight to become healthy.
Person centered care planning is defined when patients actively participate in own
medical treatments in relation with health professionals (Kongstvedt, 2013). Here, in first
case study, individual whose name is John suffering from dementia where he has short
temper memory. Similarly, in second case study, person whose name is Alex suffering from
obesity that makes him fat. The responsibilities and duties of my role in promoting person-
centered care planning are:
Provide Appropriate Care- As per the disease care should be provided to the
patients in an effective and efficient manner. It is self responsibility where care is taken by
ownself for arise diseases in proper manner. With this they can take care of themselves and
get well very easily and effectively. John should be given care so that he can recall his short
term memory and Alex should be given care regarding diet so that he can lose his weight.
Safeguarding and Protection – It is also the responsibility where individual has to
safeguard and protection oneself for better health in order to free from diseases in proper
manner. In case of John, he should be provided protection and safeguard in terms of giving
cheat to him regarding relevant information, person should go with him and so on. In second
case study, Alex has to join gym to reduce weight and remain happy and satisfied life.
Focus on the Individual- The individual has to focus on themselves more than others
because they are liable for their own self care and remain healthy. If they cannot keep
themselves fit and fine then there are more chances for various diseases. In both case,
domiciliary care worker should provide them proper guideline in effective and efficient
manner.
Promote Independence and Empower the Individual- It is the responsibility of
people to become more independent and empower themselves for person centred care
planning. With such responsibility, they can manage themselves in effective and efficient
manner. John and Alex should be made independent so that they can perform their work by
themselves in effective and efficient manner for achievement of better outcomes.
Develop Clear Assessment Methods- There are various methods of assessment so
person centred care planning has to develop appropriate methods and used in proper manner