Healthcare Management in India and England: A Comparative Analysis

This report provides a comparative analysis of healthcare management in India and England, focusing on the impact of COVID-19. It examines the socio-economic factors affecting healthcare delivery in both countries, including income, education, employment, and social values. The report also details the rules and regulations implemented in response to the pandemic, such as lockdown measures and safety protocols. Furthermore, it discusses the strategies employed to manage the crisis, including healthcare facilities, and population data. The report concludes with recommendations for improving healthcare management in light of the pandemic's challenges. Overall, the report provides a comprehensive overview of the healthcare landscape in both countries and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and is a valuable resource for anyone interested in understanding the challenges and solutions in healthcare management during the COVID-19 pandemic.

THE ESSENCE OF
HEALTHCARE
MANAGEMENT

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
Rules and regulations affecting health care services in India and England...........................4
Lockdown management..........................................................................................................9
Strategies for COVID-19......................................................................................................10
Recommendation..................................................................................................................12
CONCLUSIONS............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
There is an emerging disease of infection which is rising day to day and people manger
their life because of it. The COVID-19 is an infectious virus that is creating many issues
regarding health. This virus challenges many countries for their health management. Many
countries are facing lots of problems due to this disease. Whereas, COVID challenges the
country's management and health. The health care sector is like this they marked itself as they
stop every disease. The virus became pandemic and create many complications and health issues
and many people lost their life. In context to this, there is two country INDIA and ENGLAND
which are chosen to consider the changes in the health care services which get affected due to the
COVID effect. There are some of the reasons for choosing such country which is there can see
the effect of virus clearly on the great scale which many angles and can give the brief description
to understand the scenario. There are many factors which affect the health service it includes
population, regulations, socio-economic factor, patient to bed ratio and many more factor which
affect the delivering of health care service to people (Adderley and Thompson 2016). There is a
high number of people are affected by this virus due to the high number of patients it is difficult
to deliver the same services. Sometimes the regulation body just changes the guideline and much
other output deviation by which the rule and regulation of health care service pattern are
changes. A socio-economic factor that also affects the quality of health is the restricted delivery
of service to a patient.
MAIN BODY
Socio-economic factors affecting NHS in COVID
As the COVID19 is a life-threatening health care issue and no one was aware of it and its
effects, precautions, treatment. Because it was emerged by the growth of an unknown Virus
strain which is now known as COVID19 virus, categorize as the strain of the corona virus
family. Its sudden attack caused multiple changes in the worldwide social-economical factors
along with the health care services which affect each other as vice-versa. This report involves the
analysis and discussion of Indian and England socio-economical factor's effects on health care
service.
Factors affecting economical changes due to COVID impact
Factors India England
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Income The income rate was decreased due
to effect of lockdown which creates
panic or everyone and lead to stop
income of people. Due to this, it
affects the medical care process as
people are not able to pay for it and
country lost its financial stability.
In England, there are not such
income losses as in India. But had
all so faced financial losses. Income
stability of the country Highly
supported the health care services
(Moorthy and Sankar 2020).
Education The education of students gets highly
affected due to the spread of the
virus. About this, many of the
educational institutes were get
affected and due to not providing
their services and due to not having
proper business in that leads to not
paying to educational instate was
there. This created an evacuated
situation from paying fees or
educational charges which highly
affects the financial status of a
country (Chen, Jones, 2020).
Due to settle down of education
premises for long time and children
not getting able to go their school
and colleges. With the implantation
of some safety measure. But this
not helpful for preventing the
corona spared. Health care services
have to focus on both adults and
children's too. This lead to warden
on healthcare and creates financial
crises for country due to investing
high on serving for better health.
Employment There in India employment have
faced higher problems. Peoples are
facing unemployment till now. At
the time of lock-down people
become jobless and financially get
unstable which caused the death of
some people due to the lack of food
and salter. Most people are facing it
till now. It has both positive and
negative impacts on health care
In England, there was no such
restriction for log time related to
employment. They have permission
to go to work with the aid of their
vehicles. Although it stabled some
amount of financial state but causes
the higher cases of COVID19.
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services. As prevention of employees
gathering aid to prevent spreading of
COVID 19. But the unemployment
lead towards the insufficient money
to get treatment and test which
negatively impact the health care
services.
Family Family understanding and self-safety
concern. Was helpful for health care
organization to take the right safety
measures. Due to this, family likes to
save as much as possible to fulfill
future necessity that effects the
finance of country.
In England, the family is following
all the social distancing and
household guidelines. With the
proper medical precautions. This
creates high investment on health
which requires high finance and
leads to effect financially.
Social support Some of the Indian society has
highly supported the health care
organization. By providing the Fund
for medical equipment and poor
people food satisfaction. There was
some person who gave best of their
support for public welfare. But in the
case of health care social support,
there was a higher rate of fear and
anxiety. This leads to save their
money for future crises and not
contributing to country economy
which effect country financial status.
Society has supported the
healthcare organization by
following all the guidelines and
safety measures. This creates to not
contributing in economy of country
and leads to fall of country financial
status.
Social values In India, There were major issues
created by the social values of the
different religions. They have not
Society had supported the people of
other country's with the guidelines
and measures and they have
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supported the health care services
guidelines and restrictions. Due to
this, there was large population who
get affected due to this and for
treatment and for test there was huge
investment on testing and tracing
which highly effects the country
financial status.
provided support to the people who
are using English as a secondary
language (Choudhari, 2020). They
support each other in relation to
provide better and effective
understanding which can lead to
effect the finance of country.
Rules and regulations affecting health care services in India and England.
From the begging of the covid 19 in both countries, there was, huge changes did by the
government and IPHA, NHS. They have implemented different safety measures and restrictions
between the different period brake, based on COVID 19 case analysis and its effects. In India, it
was first identified on 27 January at India and on 22 January in the UK, so from the confirmation
of the COVID 19 case till now, there have been multiple actions and regulations are changed and
developed (Nicola, Alsafi 2020).
Regulations India England
Lock-down There was the first action which
is taken by the Indian
government in revert of COVID
19 on 22 March 2020, it was a
14-hour curfew and after that,
there were 21 days Locke down
from the date 24 March. Then
it ends on 20 April and after it,
the lockdown was extended
from 1 May to 17 may, and
from 17 may it continue till 31
May. And it extended till June
with some small unlock brakes
In England, there was the
development of restriction order
from late March but there was
not a complete lock-down,
There was the lockdown from
April and some relaxation was
given in may for the employees
that they can go for their work
by their private vehicles. And
there was the new lockdown
developed in November 2020
with the aid of five-level rules.
There were late actions
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and finally there was unlocked
from July month, with rules
night curfew.
regarding lockdown so it has
influenced Corona's spread. But
some restrictions aid the health
care organization to prevent the
COVID 19 effects
(Aghamohamamdi and
Hosseinimehr 2016).
Safety measures The government has given the
restricted orders to wear a mask
and to do proper sanitization of
hands. They have restricted
travel after 8 Pm under any
conditions, excluding medical
issues. The government
suggested taking proper care of
individual health and provide
the on-call services related to
the case of COVID 19 so that if
anyone is facing the systems
then they can contact that
number.
In the UK there was a period of
self-isolation from 16 march
and PM Boris Johnson
suggested to everyone. That
they should stop nonessential
travel and people should make
themselves away from the
social gatherings like Pubs,
party's, theatres and should try
to do work from home if
possible. For safety measures,
there were continuous changes
and updates on the social
gathering, travel, work, and all
based on COVID 19 effects.
Safety actions The government conducted the
sanitization of health care
places, along with some public
places to prevent the spread of
the corona virus. And this
action aid the health care
organization to prevent corona
cases. India government have
UK government has provided
the proper guidelines to be safe
and aware of the coronal virus.
Government and health care
organization of England have
developed the restriction of
hoes holed meeting after 5 PM
and pub should be closed at 10
5

developed the safety measures
for the sanitization and social
distancing in transportation and
travel area.
PM.
Health care facilities The government has provided
health care instruments and
substances to treat and save
Corona-positive patients. This
is done by the donation and
collection of money from the
higher-status members of India
(Roy, Tripathy 2020). In India
there are multiple groups of
researchers are trying to
develop the corona vaccine.
And they have developed a
corona test kit to identify the
corona positive patient
correctly.
England health care
organization and refreshers
were trying to develop a test kit
and Corona vaccine. And they
have provided the Surgical
musk, PPT kit for the easy
functioning of health care
services along with the safety of
doctors and health care
workers. BioNTech and Pfizer
have developed the Vaccine
name BNT162b2 and it was
approved by MHRA.
Population
Population refers to the quantitative data which are there in the number which can give
the information which is regarding how much or how many etc. there is the comparison between
the India and England which is described below.
ENGLAND- This country is having 67,886,011 people which is approx in the year 2020
and year 2019, there were 66,796,807 people approx. in which there were about 80% of the
population were infected by the COVID-19 which was creating different complication in human
health which were scaring that time due to not having the information about this virus (Moorthly
and et. al., 2020). There was fear which was related to this COVID virus. According to the data,
there were many complications in the health which was taking to the serious health issues which
lead to the patient's death. This data was high in the starting phase but in this present time, this is
taking not threat like which was taking in the initial stage. Now, different countries are trying to
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make vaccines that can be able to finish this virus or deactivate it. In this, there are 64,170 people
have died which is due to having a better healthcare department otherwise the chances were
about to double or triple or this number.
INDIA- In the year 2019 there was about 1.36 billion population in which there were
about 9.8 million people are found to be infected by this virus which is not as big as England but
not small in number which was controlled by the government by applying the Lock-down mode
in all over the country. There is also some of the information saying that this data is very less
than the actual data which is due to lack of testing and can be any rumors which are not
confirmed or there is no evidence that can prove this. There is about 143,032 people have died
due to this infection which is very large in numbers and this present time it is being said that
there is the second wave has started and is increasing the infection highly (Søreide and et. al.,
2020).
Patient-bed ratio
The patient-bed ratio is defined as the total number of beds available per person. This can
easily be understood by that on every 1000 people, the total available number of the hospital bed
for proper treatment. This can be said as the quantitative data which is available there to get the
related information (in approx). It shows the comparison between the two. The term patient-bed
ratio describes that how many numbers of bed is available to the how many people which said to
be the ratio.
ENGLAND-
This country is one of the top countries which are having a higher patient-bed ratio in
comparison to other countries. Covid has infected a large number of the population in this
country where the higher ratio of the hospital bed played a big role in the early treatment along
with providing care to the patient of country people. This plays a vital role in the recovery of the
patient in large number and their country has also got the benefit of having a larger amount of
bed which helps in saving the lives of many patients and remove from the higher illness. But in
the peak time, this higher patient-bed ratio was not enough for the larger number of the covid
infected patient. There was about one bed on 500 people which was not that much but this helped
so much and during the pandemic, this number increased and the ratio decreases (RECOVERY
2020).
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INDIA- This country is having about one bed over the 1000 people which was very small
in numbers and also there were not accepting the infected person in their hospital and such
hospital were large in numbers which were the main cause of higher death due to not getting the
proper treatment in such condition. There were many hospitals which were asking the patients
for high treatment fees which were not affordable for many people which leads then to the
government hospital which was already full due to having a large number of patient and this
leads the ratio increases due to such reason. There was also an increase in the hospital during this
and many arrangements were done by the government for increasing the bed number which
helped so much in controlling the overflow of the patients.
Hospital management
It refers to the management of the hospital during the whole year which is related to the
management which is done and run by some strategy or plan where every step is having the
standard for their process.
ENGLAND- In this country, hospital management is said to one of the best management
which can manage the regulation and each operation in such a way that it can deal with the
patients in the best way which gives the better response to the patient and the health care team.
There was the rule that staff who are infected by the other symptoms are not allowed to go to
work which can have the risk to spread the virus in their workplace (Gupta and et. al., 2017).
There were some of the wards which were not regulating the COVID patient, that was only for
the normal patients or other than COVID patients. There was the proper sanitization of the
hospital and nearby areas. Due to having the proper hospital management, there was a low
number of death cases of death.
INDIA- In this country, hospital management was poorly related with England but as per
their ability they were trying their best, staffs and the doctors were fully supportive which gives
the patients some motivation that they will get well soon. Management was trying their best to
set up the beneficial one which can help in treating the patients in high numbers. Their
management in such a way that they can make proper senitization of the hospital, the people
came should check for the covid confirmation and there were many others rules were made
which can help in safety from the spread of infection and can help in stopping the spread or in
decreasing the spread which was the one of the best strategies to stop or to hold the infections till
the high information is there regarding the virus (Kumari and et. al., 2018).
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Lockdown management
The management of people is necessary when this type of virus is drive and causes loss
of life. Managing people and help them form the infectious virus. In starting when this disease is
starting to spread every one is enjoying and after a long, this thing happened. At starting when
government start to make policies and shut down the country for few months. Then is this there
are many factors are arrive and many people criticize lockdown strategies in their countries.
There is an analysis of how lockdown failure can create the factor by which health care providers
do not provide their health to a patient in a specific way. So, there are two countries which are
taken to analyze the ratio and comparative study to know about. What is the factor which usually
affects the strategies of lockdown?
Lockdown in India: the lockdown was started in March and from their many strategies
and plan were made and implemented to provide the quality of health, which on April the higher
fall in immunization, maternal health, and treatment including kidney failure and cancer and
after a delay for long term affect the health effects. The national health mission health
management information system track the utilization of health provider that how much of service
they deliver during this situation. In this all aspect due to enhance COVID patient, there are
difficulties faced by many of people for their common treatment like creating the disturbance in
routine check-up of pregnant women and their test that is vital for the health of mother and child
were missed (Jahmani and et. al., 2018). The number of women who have received benefits
under the mother's health protection program has also declined to under half of the January level
which is shown in data.
9

Lockdown in the UK: from the reports, it is mentioned that in UK worse health
conditions during the week of up to September 2020. the recent data collaboration and it used to
avoid the pressure on NHS. There was a decrease in monthly elective and emergency hospital
registration in the period April to June 2020. several patients were suffered from cardiovascular
disease, neuron disease and many more. Due to lock down in the UK the routine test of these
disease patients are not done and facing critical health issue because service regarded with health
is bust to provident the health to the patient who is suffered from the virus. Hospitals and the
health care sector are focus on the virus and other patients who suffered from various kinds of
diseases facing problems for their issues. NHS make new plan and strategies for those who are
facing a regular problem of health like diabetes and other. Doctors or healthcare staff are
positioned to check this kind of people who are facing complications.
Strategies for COVID-19
COVID-19 was initially taken lightly and due to its drastic effect virus spread all over the
world in just a few days which created the pandemic situation all over the world. Many countries
facing this and create their strategies to tackle the virus. A large number of the population is
affected by COVID-19 (Kitson 2018). This disease is generally caused by a group of viruses
which is generally arisen by China from Wuhan.
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Strategies in India: in India, several strategies and plans were driven to prevent and take
safety measures from this virus-like social distancing in which people are not gathered in such a
manner where the chance of spreading is maximum. The social distancing described one meter
and more distancing to avoid the physical interaction. The second one is sanitization which is
taken by everyone to make sure they are not being captured by this virus and the third one is
taking a mask all time and cover the face with the mask. Mask prevents the droplet of virus
someone sneezing who is suffered from the corona. This all factor help to health care providers
to decrease in the number of the patient.
Table 1 chart for COVID cases
Strategies in the UK: in the UK several people facing this virus, some people are infected
and recovered. Government plays a very vital role with NHS. They make a plan of social
distancing and covered face with a mask (Kouhizadeh and et. al., 2020). These all are steps to
prevention technique from a virus. In the UK these policies and regulations were taken on behalf
of people to prevent them from this deadly virus. The social distancing is beneficial in which the
distance between two individuals is approx 2 meters. This helps to distance physical interaction.
In case a person is suffered from this virus and the person interacts with many people then they
act as the carrier. They spread the virus to several people and make them unhealthy. Thus, the
use of the mask is necessary for this situation usually while in communication with someone
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some of the saliva droplets are open in the air and someone gets attached to it then it will create
several complications. So this policy is implemented in such a way is some break this rule they
will penalize. Or pay the huge amount of fine and so as per this government also help the
healthcare worker by making this policy (Slettli and Singhal 2017). By this, the number of
patients of COVID is decreased due to fear of paying a fine. This strategies and plan help to
tackle the corona and this strategies never work when the participation of people are not there.
So the contribution of every people is necessary to take some action against this.
Recommendation
There are high chances of getting a second wave of this virus that can create high
destruction; In that situation, it is recommended that it is crucial to get prepared for that situation
which will require a high number of beds in healthcare. The situation can get worse due to not
having better conditions and the unavailability of vaccines at that time. It need to focus on the
vaccine preparation that can lead to getting better and effective safety for people. It is
recommended that every country need to focus on vaccine preparation and its effectiveness. This
can help to save several life within the world.
CONCLUSIONS
As per the above discussion, while in this COVID-19 create a factor of fear and this tends
like creating a bad impact by which the health care providers do not provide the best service to a
patient due to many factors which affect the service of health like population, regulation and
many more, which is discussed above. The strategies and plan are implemented in such a way to
create a good impact in both countries which help health care provider to provide effective
services. The quality of health is essential and measured in such a way where the patient is fully
satisfied with services.
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