Higher National Diploma: Addressing Health Inequalities Presentation

This presentation addresses health inequalities within the context of healthcare practice, covering key aspects such as current public health issues (tobacco, air pollution, infectious diseases), and the population data used to highlight health determinants (education, physical environment, income, genetics). It delves into factors contributing to public health issues in local regions, and explores various types of public health interventions (screening, vaccination, supplementation) and how they measure health improvements. The presentation also examines challenges in enabling effective interventions, strategies to reduce disease incidence (vaccinations, campaigning, hygiene, antibiotics), and the role of statutory bodies in developing health protection strategies. Furthermore, it analyzes the effectiveness of different public health interventions and provides examples to support the arguments. The presentation is a comprehensive overview of the topic, designed for a workshop setting, and includes the analysis of various health related factors.

POWERPOINT :PART 1
ADDRESSING HEALTH INEQUALITIES

INTRODUCTION
 Health inequalities may be referred to as differences in status of health or in the
distribution of health determinants within various population groups.
 These health issues must be addressed in an efficient manner as they are unfair and
unjust.
 Hence, in order to tackle health inequalities within health and social care, awareness
should be created among all the staff members within these sectors who have the
potential to impact on health inequalities.

P1 CURRENT PUBLIC HEALTH
ISSUES
Public health issues may be defined as those issues which pose threat for a human health. There
are various public health issues that are currently faced in United Kingdom and these issues are
discussed n detail below:
 Tobacco – tobacco consists of those chemicals which are stimulant drugs and these drugs
result in speeding up the messages between brain and body. There are both long term as well as
short term consequences on the health of people. Most serious long term consequences are
mortality (that is early death of an individual), cancer (especially lung cancer) and pulmonary
(this includes shortness of breath, wheezing and persistent cough). While on the other hand,
short-term consequences include dizziness, narrow arteries, increased blood pressure, stress
and rapid heart beat.

P1\1 CURRENT PUBLIC HEALTH
ISSUES
 Air pollution – air pollution is very harmful for the human health because of the
release of harmful pollutant in the air. Air pollution creates wide range of risks on
human health such as irritation, heart disease, chest pain, breathing difficulties, etc.
 Infection disease – it may be defined as that disease which is cause by the micro-
organisms and are harmful for the human health. They may be caused by biting of an
organism or consumption of contaminated food and this in turn affects the human
health adversely such as it may lead to fever, diarrhoea, coughing and muscle aches.

P2 POPULATION DATA USED TO HIGHLIGHT HEALTH
DETERMINANTS CONTRIBUTING TO CURRENT PUBLIC
HEALTH ISSUE
 Education – Education plays a major role as by the lack of education the poor people faces many problem like
HIV/ AIDS. As they doesn't take precautions and various safety measures. It is important to have basic
knowledge so that to live healthy life.
 Physical environment – the next issue is public health issue as it is important for the individual to get proper
water to drink and also it should be provided with safe and healthy working condition.
 Income and social status – Income and social status pays a major role as lower income people suffer more to
the diseases such as HIV/AIDS because of lower income. Also culture, believe and attitude these all factor
impact on the public health of people living in United Kingdom.
 Genetics- the last factor that contribute to current public health issue is genetics as it is a major heath
determinants causing various health issues. For example if the individual forefather has suffer from the disease
such as HIV / AIDS then there are chances for the individual that he or she may also suffer that disease just
because of genetic problem.

M 1 & D 1 main factors that contribute to public health issues in
own local region
There are many factors that contribute to the health issue of the public in local
region are behavioural, physiological, demographical, environmental and genetic factors
that influence the health issues. Such as tobacco, drinking, being overweight, high blood
pressure, age and gender in Demographic like their occupation and income, that affect
them to be misuses of their income in drinking and smoking. That affect the health issues
of the public.
For example: due to the access using of the tobacco and drinking cancer is
increasing day by day. This health issues in the local people of the region have been
increased. And due to this death ratio is also increasing.

P3 TYPES OF PUBLIC HEALTH
INTERVENTIONS
Public health interventions may be defined as those policies which are formulated with the objective of improving the
mental and physical health on a population level. There are three types of human health interventions which help in
preventing the diseases of individual, community and system. Thus, the types of public health interventions are
discussed in detail below:
 Screening : it may be defined as a practice of testing an individual; if he/she meets a specific criteria of a disorder or
disease. There are various forms of screening which come under public health interventions. Screening is mostly
carried out by healthcare professions at both the levels of population that is national and international level.

P3\1 TYPES OF PUBLIC HEALTH
INTERVENTIONS
 Vaccination : vaccination programs are the most efficient type of public health
intervention and contribute a lot towards improving the health of people in the
community. These programs are usually in the form of recommendations and are run at
both local and national level. At local level these programs may be run by government
health departments and at national level they might be carried out by health care
system.
 Supplementation : another important type of improving the health of public is
supplementation of food or water of nutrients as they contribute a lot in reducing the
deficiency of vitamin in the body as well as it also contribute in curing other diseases.
Supplementation play a very vital role in the health care systems as they are required

P4 TYPES OF HEALTH
INTERVENTIONS IN MEASURING
HEALTH IMPROVEMENTS
 Public health interventions plays a very important role in measuring the improvements
in health at both local and national.
 For example, screening could be used to find the degree to which an individual is
suffering from a particular disease or disorder.
 They are basically carried out at local level such as women's during their pregnancy
undergo constant screening in order to prevent maternal transmission of the disease to
the child at the time of giving birth to the baby.

P4\1TYPES OF HEALTH
INTERVENTIONS IN MEASURING
HEALTH IMPROVEMENTS
 Another example is of vaccination programs, which are conducted to protect an
individual from disease through administration of vaccine. These are carried out at
national level; such as in United Kingdom, NHS not only decide vaccination protocols
but also implement them and based on the economic benefits; improvement in the
health could be measured.
 Even supplementation contribute a lot in preventing a disease and improving
the health of an individual. They help in boosting up the immune system of a person
which in turn helps in measuring the improvement in health such as based on increase
in resistance power of an individual reflect the degree to which there is improvement in
the health. Hence, all the types of public health interventions play a vital role in
improving as well as measuring the health.

M 2 challenges to enabling effective intervention in public health
There are many intervention like vaccination, supplement, in health improvements
of the people. But sometimes it is difficult to take by the people to prevent from the health
issues. Because of their low income, that create problem, people can not afford such
prevention vaccination and also they leave in such areas which have polluted water they
get. They are the challenges that create problem in effective intervention in public health
issues.

P5 STRATEGIES AIMED AT
REDUCING THE INCIDENCE OF
DISEASE IN A LOCAL COMMUNITY
There are many strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of disease in a local community
are –
 Vaccinations – the first strategy that is used to reduce the incidence of disease in local
community is to encourage people to take proper vaccination time to time. Also it
important to aware the local community about different type of vaccinations which are
important for the health and also to recommended vaccinations time to time so that
there will be no problem arises as proper vaccination help to reduce the chances of
contracting many disease.
 Campaigning – the second strategy that is used to reduce the incidence of disease in a
local community is to aware the local people. different seminar are held to give
knowledge about the different health services and also give them proper knowledge
about the health care services and also giving them ways to prevent from the various
diseases.