Healthcare Leadership and Management: Quality, Safety & Strategies

This report examines the concepts of leadership and management within healthcare systems, emphasizing the importance of these elements in ensuring patient safety and quality of care. It reviews various leadership styles such as Laissez-Faire, transformational, and transactional leadership, highli...Read More

Healthcare Leadership and
management
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Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Project Rationale..............................................................................................................................4
Project Objectives............................................................................................................................5
Project Activities.............................................................................................................................7
How will maintain quality of healthcare, patient safety and prevent medical errors..................7
Management..................................................................................................................................10
Resources.......................................................................................................................................13
Conclusion and Recommendations................................................................................................17
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................20
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Introduction
Leadership is based on the important concept which great deal written about it and it often
paired with context of management. It is something that need to think about the importance and
significant role in the workplace. In context of health care, leadership is particular value placed
upon it and seen as good thing to handle different health care services. The key aspect of
leadership role involve influencing group activities and coping with change perception of health
care professionals (Gopee and Galloway, 2017). A difficulty when considering a leadership and
management of health professionals are that most theories were not development but usually
used for business settings and then applied to health care. Health Care systems are composed of
various professional groups, department and specialist with non-interaction between them.
Within large organisations such as healthcare, different groups associated with support or
conflict with each other.
It will be creating a new healthcare organisation and focused on the system, activity and
product. Sometimes, it will change or modify the existing health organisation. In both situation,
it can be improved the system while implement ongoing innovation for delivery &
reimbursement of health care. It allows for professionals, users to improve communication
activities between patient and staff members in the hospitals. The comparative effectiveness of
delivery system regarding changes, potentially enhancing quality of health care decisions, care
for patients and service providers.
The key role of leader is to encourage or motivate professionals to accomplish a common
goals. After extensive review of various literature, it will be analysed the different styles of
leadership and management such as Laissez-Faire, transformational and transaction leadership.
These are consider a proficient transformational leader aim to put in line of need & aspiration of
health care professional with desirable goal or objective of enterprise. it is able to encourage
healthcare service provider commitment towards organisation and encourage them to surpass
their expected performance. Leadership and management are emphasizes within health care as
important aspects in context to the role of health care professionals. The primary aim of research
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study is to address some of issues they face but it cannot cover all relevant information or data. It
is mainly focused on the understanding the concept of leadership & management, which means
that critical and criticised, context.
Project Rationale
The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of leadership and management in
relation to the health care systems. This can be achieved through a review of Literature on health
management and leadership to provide the better understanding. On the basis of evaluation, it is
mainly focused on the key areas by health care enterprise, investigators related to leadership in
health professionals. In this study, Researcher will focus on the brief idea, assumption and
participation of leadership and management styles in health care systems. Researcher will be
collecting or gathering huge amount of data and information. it means that identify the
importance of leadership styles and provide right direction or path to achieve desirable goals of
healthcare professionals (Kakemam and et.al., 2020). On the other hand, The rationale of this
research study is to identify significant role of leader’s in health care and how will be adopting
leadership style to deliver good health services. Investigator is focused on the possible
development regarding quality health care services, vision of what can be achieved and them
communicate with others, evolve strategies for identifying suitable result or outcome.
The research study is basically identified the real problem related lack of equipment’s,
poor health care management systems. This problem will be resolved by health care strategies
implementation but it will be possible when consideration of leadership, management approach
to handle complex situation or condition. On the basis of effective strategies, policies and
procedures that are helps to focus on the possible development of project by investigator and
predict research success for 10-20 years in health care systems.
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Project Objectives
The objective of research is to understand the concept of leadership and management styles
which plays important role in health care services. It help to establish a dynamic culture and
focus on high quality care requires leadership to ensure there are aligned, clear and challenging
aspect at different level.
Objectives
 To understand the concept of leadership and management in health care
 To improve health care services by using leadership styles within 2-3 months
 To evaluate the significance of various leadership styles, approaches in health care
systems.
 To implement healthcare strategies and measure the performance of quality of services.
Health Care strategies of health care organisations
Healthcare strategies are basically representation the source of clinical & health care
technology services. These are implementing in health care system which allows for
professionals, experts and patients to predict high price, cost of medical care events, proactively
manage patient health and also provide the highly effective intervention (Sfantou and et.al.,
2017). An efficient healthcare strategies are usually generating the positive clinical & financial
outcomes.
Here are explained healthcare strategies of health care organisations as follows:-
Employee engagement strategy- in health care enterprises, it is declining health care
employee engagement under pressure to find productivity solutions. Hospitals, healthcare
agencies are the most significant expenses but still, it continue to report an engagement at lower
level. Employee engagement strategy is the best approach influence individual people to find the
best health care treatment services. At next level, nurses, experts and professionals have been
focused on the critical front line stakeholders in room a safe forum to raise their opinion or view
point.
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Cost reduction strategy- this kind of health care strategy will support to increase wellness,
prevention of resources. Many people are unable to manage huge expenses of hospitals, and
health care treatment. That’s why, health care organisations are using cost reduction strategy to
save price or cost. By using strategy, it is focused on the primary driver of poor health condition.
In this way, it will be increasing the resources as devote to wellness, nutrition and prevention
initiative for patients. For example- PWC health research institute has reported in 2016, patients
want some suggestion on the small treatment and diet related therapies.
Patient Satisfaction Strategy- It is another type of health care strategy that will support to
meet patient satisfaction level. In most of cases, health care organisations are improving front
desk processes as critical part of reaching the patient satisfaction in health care (Guest and de
Lange, 2020). Nurses, staff members call patient for purpose of follow-up after appointment, can
go a long way to improve patient experience in hospitals. This type of strategy will help to build
a positive relationships, encouraging patient to take best health care services.
Health care strategic plan
A strategic plan in health care involves outlining actionable phases, need to reach specific
goal or objective. In above analysis, it has been explained the importance of healthcare strategic
plan. The purpose of plan is to bring enterprise’s action and establish alignment with health care
services.
Analysis & Assessment phase-
Health Care executive, staff members explain that health care strategies vary in different
ways at multiple enterprise level. Strategic planner in health care organisations analysis &
assessment to find the quality of health treatment services. In some situation, it would be
identified the some issue or problem at the time of assessment. The challenge involves poor
equipment, lack of medical record system, poor database system. These kind of challenges are
identified in health care organisations. Analysis & assessment is the initial phase of strategic plan
to find major problem or issues. Once it has found that try to eliminate or remove certain kind of
health care barriers through strategic approach.
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Strategy formulation phase-
In above analysis, it has been identified the challenges in health care systems in the
organisations. Many enterprises are majorly focused on resolve the challenge and improve
quality of health care services. That’s why, it would be implemented the prospective strategy that
help to eliminate the lack of poor health treatment or equipment’s issues. These are directly
affect the health care systems at different level (De Brún O’Donovan and McAuliffe, 2019). For
purpose long-term plan, it would be recommend that implement prospective strategy and allows
for experts, health care professional as flexible environment. If healthcare service provider
develop and implement prospective strategy based on the expected nursing shortage in years
ahead, include strategic approach for re-allocating all essential resources in the hospitals.
Implement Actions-
On the basis of prospective strategy, it should be enhanced the professional’s working
knowledge of health care system. It may aid in healthcare system advancement. Medical
facilitators such as nurses, staff members, experts often seek out the demand of patient. It
signifies that use possesses advanced knowledge and applied experience.
Project Activities
How will maintain quality of healthcare, patient safety and prevent medical errors
In recently, a healthcare enterprise is constantly evolving, leaving plenty of improvement
in context of patient safety, prevention of medical errors. As hospitals grow larger and busier, it
should needed to measure all essential safety aspects that help to protect patient occasionally
(Wu and Busch, 2019). In hospitals, it come onto the radar of health care workers, who are
always dedicated to establish a good connection with patients, and fulfil all needs & keeping
them safe at all times.
As per consideration of quality management type and initiative such as keep maintain
record of patient. On regular basis, it can be examined the health care facilities and try to provide
all necessary treatment services of their patient. There are different ways to maintain quality of
health care, patient safety and prevent medical errors.
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Use monitoring technology- in healthcare organisation, different health care workers are
mainly focused on the patients at the time of their shifts, each one with varying needs &
medications. The use of monitoring technology that can help physicians, nurses verify they are
following a right procedure for particular patient. By using technology, healthcare organisation
can easily notify staff members, if a patient falls or barcode system. This will help to verify the
actual medication procedure of patient. Hospitals have already taking some intervention to
improve patient safety.
Make sure patient understand needs for treatment- health care practitioners may think all
patient safety responsibilities fall to service provider, but it make sure that patients are informed
about their own care. This can help to prevent any kind of errors. It does not mean that patients
need to have same kind of knowledge in complex situation or condition. But it is important for
health care professionals to maintain high level of treatment facilities and eliminate risk or threat
as long way (Ramos and Calidgid, 2018). Generally, it simply asking patients to re-call and re-
state what they can handle the strategy with evidence to support its regular use in patient safety
initiatives.
Verify all medical procedures- before giving a medical treatment, it is important for health
care provider to verify all equipment’s. In hospital, staff members are building regular
verification processes into healthcare procedures that help to prevent any kind of medical errors.
For example- A doctor can perform surgical procedure where it need to be verify all necessary
equipment’s. The verification also plays an important role in order to manage and control
healthcare services. This is basically verifying medication dosage, timing or verifying that
provide better procedures.
Apart from that, evidence based practices for patient health care treatment services and
structured handover procedures. Usually, a physicians must also learn and practice safety &
quality improvement principles. Throughout medical centers or hospitals, there should be
encouraged the individual people to participate into ongoing quality improvement. This kind of
process will help to learn from constructive feedback. According to the Accreditation council for
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graduate medication education, it would require to follow a quality improvement procedures and
easily eliminate or remove any kind of errors.
Implementing healthcare Accreditation scheme-
Accreditation is define as self-assessment and external peer assessment process used by
health care organisation to easily assess their performance level. Sometimes, in relation to
establish a proper standards, norms that help to implement better ways continuously improve
interest in hospital accreditation ascends as far as the world.
Accreditation association for Ambulatory health care- This kind of association will help
to support in ambulatory health care. It including office based surgery, ambulatory surgery
centers, and endoscopy (Ramos and Calidgid, 2018). It has been granted as demand status to
certify ambulatory surgery centers in context of Medicare by centers of medical services. This is
one of accredits, which offers on-site survey for identifying the specific need or requirement in
context of health care systems.
The national safety and quality health service standards- All public and private hospitals,
they are required to follow a procedure services and accredited to NSQHS standards. This is
helping to health care service providers, who will select accredited in order to improve patient
safety and quality of healthcare provision.
Project tasks and break down-
TASK PROGRESS START END
leadership and
management in healthcare
Identify topic 80% 20-7-
2021
21-7-
2021
conduct preliminary LR 50% 21-7-
2021
25-7-
2021
Identify research scope &
questions 50% 25-7-
2021
30-7-
2021
Prepare proposal 25% 30-7-
2021
31-7-
2021
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Management
Overview of the concept of leadership and management in health care
In health care sector, the term leadership is closely associated and used interchangeably
with management. In this section, it presents a brief overview of leadership in health care sector,
drawing the relation in both management and leadership as relevant to health care services. On
the other hand, management is another concept which is mainly described as unique in sense that
it has become universal application but rather is dictated by context, policies structure, and
cultural values in health care systems (De Brún O’Donovan and McAuliffe, 2019). There are
various kind of theories applicable in leadership and management, which beyond the concept of
this research. Leadership is one of the inspiration aspect for health care professionals in the
workplace. By using leadership style, it establishes direction and motivates others. This can help
to achieve desirable goal of enterprise rather than focus on regular activities. In health care
sector, manager are those people who might have focused on important thing and leaders are
people who can do right thing. In regardless of management and leadership in context of
functions or roles that help to recognise high quality of health care services across global world.
Quality of leadership required in healthcare industry
In health care industry, the quality of leadership often makes the difference between an
effective team that struggles or even fails to meet its essential goal and objective. Being a great
leader in health industry, it would require a unique set of skills and quality to improve the overall
health care system in proper manner.
Communication is one of the best quality in leadership which depending on how people
can interact and communicate with team members. An effective communication may have
established a strong connection with individual people to handle business operations and
functions (Soukup and et.al., 2018). Communication can be established in various form which
could be through emails, notes on bulletin board and team meeting. It is the most commonly used
quality of leadership in health care because professional’s can interact with patients and provide
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information about their diseases, treatment. This can possible only through effective
communication quality.
A planning and vision is another important quality of leadership where a healthcare
leader consider and focus on clear a vision of what success will look like in specific time
interval. Experts, health care professionals know how to make appropriate plan for it,
communicate and direct, implement it. A leader can use effective leadership quality to analyse
goals, break them into smaller pieces, measurable that can help to track, monitor activities. A
good leaders are crucial part of effective health care team to establish a great learning, flexible
environment or culture.
As a leader, flexible mind-set and willing to adapt the new situation or condition. it is
another kind of leadership quality which may help to diligent in learning about and using latest
advanced in electronic medical records. Flexibility is particularly important role played in the
improvement of health care services (De Brún O’Donovan and McAuliffe, 2019). in health care
industry, A leader can use flexible mind-set as quality to achieve desirable goal or objective.
Various leadership styles and approaches
Throughout history, a great leader have emerged with particular leadership style and
approaches in providing right direction, implementing plan. This is always motivating and
inspiring individual people. The health care organisation is adapting to rapid changes in context
of policy, regulation, privacy laws. It require for enterprise to revisit their governance styles.
Authoritarian leadership styles – this kind of leadership style allows a great leader to impose
expectations and define suitable result or outcome (Rahbi, Khalid and Khan, 2017). When a
person show that can turn out the successful in situation of healthcare organisation. A good
leader is one of the most knowledgeable in the team which influence other medical staff
members regarding healthcare quality of services. Although, this is efficient strategy in time
constrained period of times.
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Transaction leadership style- in health care enterprise, transactional leadership style can
be used by establishing an exchanging the process between medical professionals and patients.
While transactional leadership encourages a strong planning and budgeting skills in health care
business activities. It does not require skills which involves cognitive and affective competence.
Charismatic leadership style- this type of style will inspire medical staff members to handle
the healthcare services in hospitals. Generally, it strives for greater ambitions than expected
(Spehar, Sjøvik and Frich, 2017). A charismatic leader has a clear vision for future goals, strong
affective competence. Therefore, it can utilise to eliminate situation of lacking in cognitive as
well as technical competence.
Transformational leadership style- in health care organisation, this type of leadership style
can be used leader with strong vision and belief that shared values. In this way, it can be
established a strong relationship between medical staff members and patient’s (Sfantou and
Patelarou, 2017). Health care leader will focus on the transformation of high quality of medical
services. Implementing innovative idea in health organisation to give the best treatment facilities
for patients.
Human resource management
Human resource management plays a significant role in health care delivery system and
systematic way to manage or control operations of health care organisation (Malik, Boyle and
Mitchell, 2017). HRM is not only implement appropriate methodology, but it is always focused
on conduct research, analysis and implementation of new strategic plan for purpose of training or
development.
Recruiting- In healthcare organisation, HRM involves job analysis, manpower
requirements so that it is mainly focused on the conducting a session of recruiting. It is one of the
important operation to find talented, skilled candidate who has an ability to handle healthcare
delivery services in proper manner. HR manager in health care enterprise is to understand the
specific need or requirement for staff members. Afterwards, it provides the best quality of
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facilities and services. At the time of recruiting process, it should provide opportunity for
candidate who can share their own opinion or view point.
Motivating – In health care organisation such as Hospitals, Human resource management
has achieved high performance among its staff members. If it provides incentive, rewards and
awards to their staff members. These are motivating staff’s to identify the competency of
individuals, which make a significant differences in the improvement of enterprise.
Measuring- For a better management of health care delivery services, it is important to
work out the size, composition and proper management, distribution of health care workforce.
Human resource management can be handled different activities and measure the performance of
staff members in the organisation (Fanelli, Lanza and Zangrandi, 2020). In some situation, HRM
will use 360 degree performance approach to target the daily operational activities of medical
staff members. Thus, it is measuring the strength and weakness.
Training – in health care enterprise, training and develop was imparted to Human resource
management, empower medical staff members with training goals to make more innovative as
well as creative. HRM focuses on the trained medical staff’s so that it provides the best quality of
healthcare services (Jankelová, 2021). Sometimes, HRM can be used team based approach to
patient care and several nursing stations were setup within hospital premises. Usually, training
was given to medical staff members and prepare themselves for encouraging the employment
opportunities in healthcare organisation.
Resources
Healthcare financial management principles
A healthcare organisation is increasingly complicated with a need for personnel to
comprehend massive amount of data or information. In hospitals, health care executives are
managed the challenges to ensure that patient care doesn’t become unmanageably expensive.
Health Care financial management deals with health care by making sure that good
facilities provide quality of patient care in a fiscally responsible manner (Sfantou and Patelarou,
2017). A proper management of health enterprise finances allows to improve patient care, reduce
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risk level and make an essential investment. Here are explained the financial management
principles that help to improve health care systems.
 Value-based care- until few years ago, the most important care facilities are charged
payer for different healthcare services. It means that perform various activities which
made billing some-what simple. It has been changing as more providers and
implementing as value based payment model.
 Risk management- Leaders in term of healthcare finance management must monitor,
mitigate and prevent risk or threat. But health care services are carried out the large
amount of risk related to patient safety, making life better in difficult situation. Within
hospitals, healthcare risk management can help provider to ensuring that a facility
electronic medical records are secured (Gopee and Galloway, 2017). Modern technology
will help to manage and control all piece of data but health related information manage
by health care executive in the organisation.
 Medical Investment- it is important aspects for investing in medical research and
specialised medical equipment that can lead to more successful and cost-effective care
strategies. The ability to track or analyse financial expenditure as related patient result or
outcome. But at certain point, it is an essential aspect to estimate the price or cost which
gives a leader information as they need to make market investment in future
development.
In healthcare organisation, manager, executive and staff members are responsible for such
tasks as overseeing patient billing and also preparing department budgets. These kind of tasks
plays important role in helping facilities develop effective and cost-efficient healthcare. Because
of complexity of health information, the primary duties of healthcare service provider who must
have advanced technical, analytical skills. These are consideration as necessary aspect to
understand the specific need for hospitals.
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Financial resources
The Financial resources are considered the important part in which fulfill all essential
need or requirement for healthcare services. The resources from which healthcare organization
obtain the funds, they need to finance their investments, capitals & current activities. Basically, a
healthcare enterprise obtains the funds it needs from general resources such as owner Equity,
financial institution and capital markets.
 Financial Institution- A financial institution is based on the resource which is directly
engaged in the business of dealing with financial as well as monetary transactions. It
involves deposits, currency exchange, loans, and investment. These are consider an
essential sources of finance which help everyone who are living in developed economy. It
has an ongoing or at least periodic need for services of financial institutions. Bank loan is
the most common example in context of financial resources (Gopee and Galloway, 2017).
Different kind of public, private hospitals are concerned taking funds from bank. This is
the best option to improve health care systems across global world. Moreover, it also
helping to provide the best safety aspects.
 Capital Market- this type of financing is not typically a financing structure that most
community bankers have expertise but they cannot access to create or develop.
Healthcare enterprise is basically used capital market financing as structure in which use
particular variable rate obligation. Sometimes, it is also known as credit enhanced
variable rate demand bond. For example- the most common capital markets are related to
stock and bond. These are helping healthcare enterprise to improve patient treatment
services. On the basis of capital market financing, private, public and other healthcare
enterprise seek to improve transactional efficiencies. It brings those who can hold capital
and seeking capital together or provide a right place where different entities can exchange
the better securities.
 Owner Equity- this is the most commonly used financing in business which means that
represents process of raising capital through sale of shares. Healthcare organization raise
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money because it might have focused on the short-term need to pay more bills, or it
might have a long-term goals which require funds to invest in health care facilities and
services.
Type and quantity of resources
 Human resources- Human resources management plays a significant role in context of
healthcare delivery system. It is critical way to manage healthcare process and improve
the performance or benefits. In context of human power, it involves nurses, doctors,
experts, ward boy and surgeons. These are resources which may largely gained the
knowledge, skills and motivation of healthcare staff members.
 Physical resources- in context of healthcare organization, there are different kind of
physical resources needs in hospitals for patients at the time of treatment. It including
medical professionals, medical devices, hospital beds, supplies like facemasks, plastic
gloves and diagnostic tests (Gopee and Galloway, 2017).
 Natural resources- within health care systems, it rely on the natural resources such as rare
metals, pharmaceutical precursors, biomass, water, rubber and petroleum. Through
hospital resource management, it is always focused on the health care facilities
effectively distribute their natural resources.
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Conclusion and Recommendations
Conclusion
As per discussion, it has concluded that leadership and management plays important role
in health care organization. Analysis the sufficient evidence in literature suggesting that content
experts in management positions. These are consider as valuable resource in leading healthcare
system across global world.
Throughout this report, it has been examined the importance of leadership and
management in modern healthcare systems. Looking at the new changes in healthcare system, it
expected to find some essential changes at different level. More than this, it should be covered all
detailed of financial resources, natural resources, and human resources. These are providing the
brief idea, assumptions to use best financial resources. Afterwards, it can be improved health
care systems and also maintain quality of patient at the time of treatment. It outline the existing
situation of healthcare system and desired one may be caused of major problem which affecting
the individual people.
In order to accomplish effective and affordable healthcare systems, skill and knowledge
are required for health care executives. That’s why, it can adapt the management and leadership
skills to eliminate barrier or challenges within healthcare enterprise.
Furthermore, it has become focused on the significant impact of healthcare intervention,
leadership style, and approaches, healthcare strategies plan. These are majorly influence
healthcare service providers to make an important decision regarding health care service
improvement. Moreover, it can be identified the quality of leadership such as communication
skills. it plays important role in the health care systems where each and every staff members
established a good collaboration with patient at the time of healthcare treatment. Discussion on
the quality of healthcare, patient safety and prevent medical errors, identifying the multiple
practices. It involves monitoring technology, understanding of patient towards healthcare
treatment. On the other hand, it has been described about healthcare strategies such as employee
engagement, patient satisfaction and cost reductions. Analysis of these strategies, which is
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always helping to inspire or motivate healthcare staff members. Afterwards, resolving any kind
of health care facilities and services.
On the basis of analysis, it is also predicating the actual importance of leadership and
management skills in healthcare enterprise that will happen after 10 years from its beginning.
Recommendations
In above analysis, it has been understand the concept of leadership and management
styles which plays important role to achieve desirable goal or objective. In context of health care
professionals, it is centre on attraction for all type of system. Therefore, Strategic implications
are considered an appropriate aspect for enhancing health care policies and procedures.
Since, this review had Literature that understand leadership and management conceptual
framework that can act as powerful tool or platform. This is not only enhancing value, skill and
knowledge of leaders while recognising the importance of health care policies.
Recommends that will conduct a leadership development program which must be
consider as an integral part of health care services. The leadership development program is
mainly involves training, mentoring, coaching. It is almost specified to only senior health care
professionals rather the potential junior staff must be encouraged. The program of leadership is
one of integral part of improvement and development. But even this is challenging for health
care and depends upon the action-oriented, developing. Health care professional should be
participated into decision making processes at different level of health care system. In
particularly, it is majorly affect their profession, self-confidence and other kind of leadership
skills.
Whilst most of development programs related leadership and management, which heavily
rely on the competency of framework or tool. Health care system will help to recognise wide
range of leadership skills, qualities that are essential for effective operational management.
Recommendations for Future research
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 A research study is all about the way in which evaluate effectiveness of leadership
training program for health care professionals. This will help to improve their own skills
and also used effective leadership style in context of health care systems.
 The Correlation of leadership and management style behaviour, perception with
enterprise result or outcome. In order to analyse the job satisfaction level.
 To be suggested that will improve the rapid change in health care systems. It is
increasingly diversity in the hospitals, the specific need for new healthcare structures,
equipment’s and also maintain patient safety aspects. That’s why, it is important aspect to
acquire or gain relevant information and data.
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REFERENCES
Book and Journals
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leadership in healthcare settings: a systematic review. BMC Health Services Research.
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Fanelli, S., Lanza, G. and Zangrandi, A., 2020. Managerial competences in public organisations:
the healthcare professionals’ perspective. BMC health services research, 20(1), pp.1-9.
Gopee, N. and Galloway, J., 2017. Leadership and management in healthcare. Sage.
Guest, D.E. and de Lange, A.H., 2020. Human Resource Management’s Contribution to Healthy
Healthcare. In Integrating the Organization of Health Services, Worker Wellbeing and
Quality of Care (pp. 109-133). Springer, Cham.
Jankelová, N., 2021. The Key Role of Strategically and People-Oriented HRM in Hospitals in
Slovakia in the Context of Their Organizational Performance. Healthcare 2021, 9, 255.
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Malik, A., Boyle, B. and Mitchell, R., 2017. Contextual ambidexterity and innovation in
healthcare in India: The role of HRM. Personnel Review.
Rahbi, D.A., Khalid, K. and Khan, M., 2017. The effects of leadership styles on team
motivation. Academy of Strategic Management Journal. 16(3).
Ramos, R.R. and Calidgid, C.C., 2018. Patient safety culture among nurses at a tertiary
government hospital in the Philippines. Applied Nursing Research, 44, pp.67-75.
Sfantou, D.F. and et.al., 2017, December. Importance of leadership style towards quality of care
measures in healthcare settings: a systematic review. In Healthcare (Vol. 5, No. 4, p. 73).
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute.
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Sfantou, D.F. and Patelarou, E., 2017, December. Importance of leadership style towards quality
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challenges in primary health care: a qualitative study. Scandinavian journal of primary
health care, 35(1), pp.105-110.
Wu, A.W. and Busch, I.M., 2019. Patient safety: a new basic science for professional
education. GMS journal for medical education, 36(2).
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