Healthcare Policy: Reflection on Risk Management Skills in Healthcare

This report delves into the critical aspects of healthcare policy and risk management, emphasizing the need for integrating Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) into various industries, including small and medium-sized businesses and the underground system. The report highlights the importance of hazard identification, risk assessment, and the development of comprehensive safety plans. It discusses various risk management strategies, including the implementation of formal safety and health plans, the use of Job Hazard Analysis (JHA), and effective risk communication. The report also examines the role of the London Underground's Health, Safety, and Environment (SSEN) Framework in ensuring safety, health, and environmental efficiency. Furthermore, it emphasizes the significance of understanding the potential for asset failures and the role of risk communication in making informed decisions to protect individuals and communities from health, economic, or social threats, especially in the context of rapidly evolving technology and the prevalence of mobile communication.

Running head: HEALTHCARE POLICY
Reflection on Risk Managing Skills
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author Note:

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Hazard Identification
A company's high policy agenda is the decision to incorporate HSE into its market.
Several companies have taken this method and made huge gains. On this point, the study
aims to illustrate the need to integrate HSE into industry irrespective of costs for small and
medium-sized businesses, including the underground system. The paper further outlines the
application of HSE management systems.
Proper HSE management needs a policy statement of HSE outlining the contribution
of the company to workers ' and community health and safety. Management will show high
dedication to this process, with HSE focused on organizational priorities (Schwatka, Hecker
and Goldenhar, 2016).
The policy statement should be the basis on which the HSE monitoring system can be
applied. The foundation of all HSE decisions and actions should always be given.
The structure must be known by employers and employees and what is needed to
achieve the business objectives. Administrators and staff members must dedicate themselves
to HSE policy in order to be effective. The policy statement should outline management and
supervisory responsibilities as well as employees ' obligations and responsibilities. There
must be a continuing updating of the program.
The process of determining all risks in the workplace is hazard identification (Risk
Management Strategy, 2020). No system is known for aggregating farm casualties and
disease threats. The bulk of agricultural production risks combine into various categories of
hazard. The key risks identified in the System would be one way to identify them. Storage
facilities and collections structures; underground path directing system/worker positioning;
engine operation; Electrical systems; rail track management operation; Guarding of power
take-offs (PTOs); Guarding of other power transmission and functional components; Hazard

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communication; Confined spaces; Hazardous energy control while performing servicing and
maintenance on equipment; Horizontal bunker silos; Noise.
The primary cause of workplace safety and health issues is risks. The best way to
prevent injuries and illness is therefore to identify ways to eliminate hazards or monitor the
risk. To evaluate the human resources of our workplace safety, check of regular operational
hazard assessment investigations, equipment, chemicals and tasks need to be done. Injury
registration system, near misses of risks and identified risks Safe processes for dairy farm
tasks Training and supervision for new and young employee’s Protective clothing and
equipment (PPE) Safety preparation and experience in each new piece of equipment
Protection agreements with owners, vendors and workers Security information is readily
available for hazardous substances (Bagherpour, Yarahmadi and Khademian, 2015).
Create a formal safety and health plan addressing the points mentioned above.
Discuss the plan with others on the field during implementation to ensure that safety concerns
are addressed.
Include a hazard verification system, risk evaluation and risk management. Make sure
the strategy, safe work practices and the current legal safety and health standards are clear to
farm workers as well as others.
The workers at the workplace will also be provided with safety information, new
employees guidance, new practices safety training, special protections to young workers, and
accident histories, near misses and possible dangers.
A 24-hour approach to risk assessment and control produce is the best safety results
for our workplace. Environmental danger (light, noise, fog, wind, sun and cold) Materials
(tracks, coal, dust, etc.) Working-place (parlor-design, station managements) Organization
(unnecessary manual handling) Underground machinery (ladders, push slips, gates).

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Observation –using our senses of light, sound, and scent and touch–together with knowledge
and experience will recognize hazards. Data sheets for Product Security (MSDSs)-get from
vendors or retailers. Carefully read them to identify possible harm caused by hazardous
substances and precautions. Risk surveys — perform risk surveys in the major areas of work.
Hazard and risk surveys address your safety concerns with others. Kids and visitors –identify
locations and events in our research that could jeopardize kids or tourists. Record analysis-
keep records of recognized risk, misses, injuries and reimbursement claims for workers in
order to identify potential trends. Groups of discussion-useful for hazard identification and
solutions. Health assessments-consider setting up a health committee for health review and
management plan planning. Information-keep the latest data documentation notified of
hazards in the business sector or industry. Product Data-read and follow consumer products
and chemicals instructions carefully (ohsguide.scsaonline.ca, 2020).
The problems causing accidents occurred at work and ill health related to employment
are known as hazards. For all business / unions / organizations etc. and all operations and
functions inside an organization the supply for a methodical and meticulous organization of
OHS hazards and associated risks applies. The same happens as I experienced in our
workplace is identification can help in assessing the probable risk factors behind the cause of
the hazard and hence can fruitfully stop before it expands (ohsguide.scsaonline.ca, 2020).
Risk Management
When a risk has been recognized, it is necessary to assess the likelihood and potential
severity of the injury or harm before determining how the risk is best minimized. Less critical
are low-risk cases, than high risk hazards are to be tackled. You may choose to have several
possible results from the same risk. Think how probable each potential output is and assign
the highest priority for each threat. Take the following important control measures in

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consideration: a) remove the risk on the source— e.g. remove it or replace it — b), replace it
with something less risky. c) Isolate individuals from the dangerous process, product or
substance. d) Apply technical controls, including safety barriers or drainage of the exhaust. e)
Adopt safe working, training and monitoring operations to reduce the risk. f) Include personal
protective equipment where other options are not available or feasible. g) The controls you
decide to implement needs to be monitor. One or more of the above recommended
restrictions should be accepted and the adjustments made as soon as possible before the
danger causes an accident. More than one of the above risk protection measures will often be
required to significantly reduce hazard exposure. Monitoring of changes: The new safety
measures can need to be carefully tested before work restarts to make sure that a risk is
minimized and no further hazard is created. The employer's interaction with others at the
office will help make a safe decision (Risk Management Strategy, 2020).
In certain situations, it may be appropriate to have a new set of safe working
practices, perhaps another preparation and monitoring time, before changes may appear to be
effective. Improvements in safety should be periodically checked to ensure that they continue
to be successful. A Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) is a methodology which focuses on job tasks
to classify risks in advance. This concentrates on the working relationship, mission, the
equipment and the workplace. Ideally, you take steps to eliminate or reduce unregulated
hazards to a reasonable level of risk. There are many workplaces where a JHA can be done.
Works that are likely to lead to serious injury or disability even when there is no historical
record of previous incidents. Jobs where a simple human mistake could lead to a serious
accident or injury; and jobs that are novel for your operation or have changed policies and
procedures; and Jobs that are complicated and need written instructions.
London Underground's general health, environmental and safety priorities and the
expectations for ensuring safety, health and environmental efficiency and handling structures

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and obligations are laid out in the London Underground Health, Safety and Environment
(SSEN) Framework. The London Underground's Managing Director is appointed and lays
out the values of the organization's actions. The policy has been distributed to all London
Underground (LU) employees through the Corporate E-Mail, LU intranet and newsboards.
The LU administrators must be aware of and agree with the policies. Common Management
System criteria convey the responsibilities laid out in the legislation. Annex 2A reproduces
the food, safety and environmental policies for the same.
The Management System is composed of the following key components: specific
directions, guidelines, and, if necessary, relevant reports on the business results and security
efficiency, which allow London Underground staff to conduct their activities in a safe and
secure way. Related preparation for London Underground staff and managers are review of
system requirements to ensure the execution of safety procedures and standards; a robust
method of control to use for the extension or modification of system components, e.g.
because of new safety technologies.
Henceforth I feel that abiding by the guidelines have influenced me in avoiding the
probable risks a lot and introduction to these schemes of risk management needs to be spread
in a broader spectrum so that others can have the knowledge of the same and can use the
same to avoid risks as well. More the awareness regarding the concern spreads out, the risk
management can get adapted as a practice for all, which will eventually help in reducing
much risk at the place of work i.e. underground railway system.
To have the knowledge and the understanding to predict the possible aspects of asset
failures along with the consequences of safety measures and likelihood of the failure it is the
need which brought the Asset Based Risk Assessment Model. Understanding the possible
chances and influence of the failure, the authorities of London Underground put in the review

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service, place the trend of risk, and ensure appropriate mitigations and monitoring is in place
(London Underground Safety Certificate and Safety Authorisation, 2020).
Risk communication
Danger communication means the exchange of information, guidance and opinions in
real time between experts and people facing health, economic or social threats. The ultimate
objective of danger management is to make informed decisions regarding defending yourself
and your loved one, which are at risk. Risk communication utilizes multiple communication
techniques, including networking through media and social media, mass communications and
community involvement. This needs a clear understanding of people's values, desires,
convictions and awareness and activities. Effective detection and control of rumors confusion
and other problems is also important.
In this section I discuss regular data sets on risk communication systems and
examples of the role of the WHO in the communication of emergencies in response to our
work.
Our world has changed technology. And these advances are affecting the growth of
capabilities in danger communications. The ITU estimates that global broadband penetration
hit 32 per cent at the end of 2014– nearly twice the penetration levels just three years earlier
(2011) and four times higher than 5 years earlier (2009). Mobile broadband adoption in
developed countries has hit 84 percent four times as high (21 years). By the end of 2014,
there were already 2.3 billion digital-band subscribers worldwide, almost five times as many
as six years earlier (in 2008). Africa is leading the mobile broadband economy and in 2014 it
is almost 20% higher than 2% in 2010. There is an increase in the number of cellular
memberships worldwide. More people on Earth have mobile phones than toilets, according to
its recent UN study. Out of the 7 billion people approximately worldwide, 6 billion have

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mobile access (in 2013). Fewer people have access to toilets— just 4.5 trillion people. By the
end of 2014, mobile phone subscriptions have almost reached 7 billion, which is equivalent to
an inflow rate of 96%. The Asia-Pacific region accounted for more than half of them (3.6
billion subscriptions). Mobile cellular penetration in developing countries reached 90% by
the end of 2014 compared to 121% in developed countries.
The surge of the Internet and the social media means that the news cycle now lasts 24
hours and is filled with both opinions and facts and harsh news. It also contributes to
sensationalism. The same news is reported by UK cable, MSNBC, CNN, BBC and FOX
News, but it does not mean that they report the same stories. Although the size of an event
limits the news, a story is only limited by the imagination of the producers of cable news. So,
overblown stories prevail in this 24-hour news cycle. If the axiom "Go large or go home"
ever applies, this is in the cable news area.
The implementation of these communications can put immense input to risk
communication. The use of mobile broadband service has helped in communicating the status
of the locomotives and put the work on time. The factors where these had influenced serving
the risk communication are when the locomotives come across major risks, which includes
derailing. At times when riots strike by banning the railway service to function the railways
properly, the communication takes in the place to lower down the stress of the pressure of the
probable risks by letting the underground railway service know about the chances and
blockages.
However, the media has done immensely well in managing the un-welcomed fire
hazards and the locomotive breakdowns. These incidents were made known to all the citizens
who can reach out their closed ones in need. In addition, other service stations (like police
and fire stations) also gets informed of these facts whenever the need arises.

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The Managing Director of the LU in London shall be responsible for the
safety and wellbeing of consumers, staff, and others who are impacted by LU practices and
meet duties as LU network infrastructure manager. The London Underground Managing
Director is reported by all Executive Directors. We are responsible internally for strategy,
budget adoption, strategic planning, and strategies that impact organizational priorities,
security risks and efficiency of health. The individual accountability of each Executive
Director is: making decisions in order to ensure the efficacy of the HSE management within
their sectors, managing the significant risks involved with their operations and enforcing the
HSE management procedures laid out in the LU guidelines ensuring the delivery and
effectiveness of risk control systems.
The Managing Director of LU reports to the LU and gives professional technical
advice and support within LU. The Director of engineering sets requirements for properties
and aims to ensure that products in compliance with these specifications are planned,
developed, assembled and preserved.
Appropriate solutions
According to HSE guidelines, UK, there are few recommendations to find the
appropriate solutions to the health related problems in my employees, who works in the
London Underground (Hse.gov.uk, 2020).
1. Making Improvements in the Safety Culture:
Development of a strong safety culture for their employees is very important for any
organization. It is not possible for us to build a safety culture for our workplace by ourselves
and thus we need to focus on the safety practices and build a company culture around those
practice (Schwatka, Hecker and Goldenhar, 2016). The participation of all the employees to
create and maintain a risk-free environment ensures the success of the whole improvement

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plan regarding the safety practices. In order to promote the safety of the underground
workers, they should be properly trained to manage those risky instances and also to avoid
those. The health profiles of all the workers must be recorded so that the already existing
health conditions in the workers are already known and proper safety plan can be developed
in respect to those conditions in them.
2. Display of Proper Leadership:
The initiatives regarding the development of a safety culture should be taken by the leaders of
any organization. As a leader I must set an example for the other members of my team. One
should keep this in mind that the success of the implementation of any plan is dependent on
all the team members. Their support will ensure the success, while their disagreement will
thwart all the efforts associated with the plan implementation (Okoronkwo, 2017). To display
this proper leadership I must make sure all the health profiles of my employees are being
considered when developing a safety plan for the workers. Along with that I must make sure
all of my team members have understood my ideas behind these initiatives.
3. Implementation of a Plan to Recognize the Hazards and Make Assessments:
To manage the risky and hazardous conditions in a workplace, it is important to build a
safety culture and gain the supportive consents from the authorities of the organization in order to
successfully implement a plan for the hazard assessment and identification. The plan can be
developed by using a step by step process to minimize all the potential safety risks related to the
health of the workers.
As per OSHA guidelines, the steps of the process can be described as following,
Collection and Reviewing of All the Available Information on the Workplace Hazards:

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The workplace hazards for the underground workers involve the risk of being injured by
some machineries, being caved in by sudden accident, being electrocuted by some loose wire
connected to some machineries, being subjected to sudden fire or flood and various others.
Examining the Workplace for New and Possible Hazards:
The underground place, where the workers are working, should be inspected on a
regular basis, checking for the potential risks that can be the causal factors for various
hazards and accidents. The inspections for the presence of any loose wires, the working
capacities of the machineries, and the risk of flood prior to initiating a mining process can be
done. As a leader and employer, I must make my priority to implement those process.
Identification of Potential Health Hazards:
I must identify the potential risk factors that can be causing the health hazards in the
workers. For this identification, I must take the environmental conditions, ground conditions
and the conditions of the mechanical instruments into consideration.
Conduction of Thorough Incident Investigations:
I should take the previous accidental cases into consideration and make a thorough
investigation based on those incidents to identify the proper causal factors of those accidents.
After the identification, the problems can be prevented from being repeated.
Identification of Hazards for No routine or Sudden Occurrences:
There are always a high number of risks that is least likely to actually take place.
However, those risks should not be ignored, since there is always a chance of their
occurrence. In such cases, we will be requiring an action plan to manage those problems. The
plan should always be already in place, so there is no waste of time in the management of
such cases.

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Identification the Nature of the Hazards and Prioritizing Them:
As a final step of this plan, we must understand the how some risky conditions may
result in some additional hazardous condition. An evaluation of those risks must be made
considering the outcome factors such as the number of the affected employees, possibility of
the occurrence of that risky event along with the severity of the hazardous event (Geng and
Saleh, 2015).
4. Measurement of the Impact of the Plan over Time
At last an outcome measurement study must be conducted to determine possible
success of my plan, so the possible gaps in the plan can be fulfilled.
One specialist area of Health and safety
As per WHO guidelines (1995), occupational health and safety can be considered as a
multidisciplinary activity that targets at: The promotion and the protection of the health of the
employees by the elimination of various occupational factors and conditions that are
hazardous for health and safety at work; Improvement of the mental, physical and the social
health of employees and providing support for the development of their capacity of working,
along with the development in the professional and social fields; Promotion and development
of the work environments that can be considered sustainable along with the work
organizations. The definition of occupational health, according to ILO/WHO is “The
promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental social well- being of
workers in all occupation” and according to WHO the occupational health service should be
provided for all of the workers and his or her family, if possible. Occupational Health hazard
is a diverse science that is applicable for the occupational health engineers, chemists, and
toxicologists, healthcare professionals, such as doctors, nurses, environmental health
practitioners, safety professionals and others who are involved in the protection of the health

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of employees in the workplace. A statement by occupational health institutes that are in
collaboration with the WHO (1995) recognized the principle future challenges for
occupational health, which are: novel physical energies and chemicals; The problems related
to the occupational health will be linked to novel information technologies along with the
automation; health hazards, which can be associated with novel biotechnologies; the
problems associated with the aging in the employees; the already existing problems
associated with the handicapped or chronically ill employees along with the unemployed and
the migrants; and, The problems related to the increasing instances of new occupational
diseases resulting from various origins.
One specialized area that presents the underground workers with potential health risk is the
risk associated with mining. Mining presents with the risk of the workers being caved in,
which can lead to them being struck without proper resources for living (Mactaggart,
McDermott, Tynan and Gericke 2016). The caved in condition may also present with the
problem of breathing troubles and various others. To ensure the safety of my employees, I
must make sure that there is proper arrangements presents to reverse this accidental condition
and also there is a storage of proper medicinal, food and other resources, which would be
accessible by the workers in cases of emergencies. Another problem the mining may present
is the hazards resulting from the chemical exposures. The chemicals may present with
breathing problems in the underground workers or induce burn injuries in them or they might
be presenting with some poisonous effects on the skins of the workers. As a safety measure
against this hazard, I must assess the possibility of chemical exposure prior to starting work
every day. I must also make sure that my employees are taking necessary precautions to
avoid those hazardous conditions. Along with those measures I must also make sure that
there is an easy availability of some medical professionals, medications and treatment
equipment, so the maximum hazardous effects can be avoided. There is another hazardous

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issue that can be associated with the mining procedures. The dust resulting from the activities
of mining often present the workers with various health problems. There are often the
instances of long term disease conditions arising in the underground workers from the
inhalation of the dust continuously (Mahdevari and Shahriar, 2016). Most of those disease
conditions are associated with the respiratory problems such as asthma, dyspnea or black
lung. As a preventive measure the workers must be encouraged to use protective masks and
other preventive measures to protect themselves from inhaling the dust. As a safety measure
for this hazardous issue, I must ensure that there is a proper supply of protective masks and
other equipment available for all the workers (Bagherpour, Yarahmadi and Khademian,
2015). There should be a regular checkup done on the employees, who are displaying
possible symptoms for the disease conditions and proper measures should be adapted to
prevent the most adverse effects in the workers. The employees who have dust allergies must
be kept away from the mining area, which should be determined from their health profile.
The people who work in the underground are also at a huge risk of being exposed to the UV
rays. The overexposure presents with a huge risk of developing skin cancer in the workers.
As a safety measure to this problem, the employees must be encouraged to work under proper
shades that will protect them from the UV exposure. They must be educated on the potential
risks of the UV exposures and also be encouraged to adapt various protective measures to
protect themselves against the adverse effects (Harris, 2016). As an employer I must make
sure all the plans are being implemented properly to minimize the health risks in my
employees.

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References
Bagherpour, R., Yarahmadi, R. and Khademian, A., 2015. Safety risk assessment of Iran's
underground coal mines based on preventive and preparative measures. Human and
Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 21(8), pp.2223-2238.
content.tfl.gov.uk. (2020). London Underground Safety Certificate and Safety
Authorisation [Ebook] (1st ed.). London. Retrieved from http://content.tfl.gov.uk/london-
underground-safety-certificate-and-safety-authorisation.pdf
Geng, F. and Saleh, J.H., 2015. Challenging the emerging narrative: Critical examination of
coalmining safety in China, and recommendations for tackling mining hazards. Safety
science, 75, pp.36-48.
Harris, F., 2016. Management for health, safety, environment, and community in uranium
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Available at: https://www.hse.gov.uk/guidance/index.htm [Accessed 8 Feb. 2020].
Mactaggart, F., McDermott, L., Tynan, A. and Gericke, C., 2016. Examining health and well‐
being outcomes associated with mining activity in rural communities of high‐income
countries: A systematic review. Australian Journal of Rural Health, 24(4), pp.230-237.
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ohsguide.scsaonline.ca. (2020). Hazard Identification. Retrieved 14 February 2020, from
http://ohsguide.scsaonline.ca/topic/hazardidentification.html

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Okoronkwo, I., 2017. Team performance and project success.
Osha.gov (2020). [online] Osha.gov. Available at:
https://www.osha.gov/shpmguidelines/SHPM_guidelines.pdf [Accessed 8 Feb. 2020].
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https://learninglegacy.crossrail.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/1H-
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hygiene, 60(5), pp.537-550.