UK Healthcare Policy: Reforms, Impact on Service Users Analysis

This report examines the healthcare policies and reforms implemented in the UK, focusing on the impact on service users. It discusses the main healthcare policy reforms, including the increased involvement of the private sector and the shift towards a market-based healthcare system. The report analyzes the Conservative/Liberal coalition health agenda, emphasizing the commitment to increasing public expenditure on health and freeing the NHS from political management. It also explores the influence of ideologies and stakeholders on policy development, as well as the impact of policies developed during the coalition government on service users, particularly those with long-term conditions. The report concludes by highlighting the importance of high-quality healthcare services in supporting individuals and addressing health problems. Desklib offers a wide range of resources including solved assignments and past papers for students.

Health And Social Care

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Main healthcare policy reforms.............................................................................................3
1.2 Conservative\ liberal coalition health agenda........................................................................5
1.3 Recent proposals in healthcare policy and its impact on service users.................................8
2.1 Ideologies and backgrounds which affects the healthcare policy developments.................10
2.2 Stakeholders can influence policy development..................................................................12
3.1 Impact of policy that developed during coalition government on service users in healthcare
...................................................................................................................................................14
3.2 The government policy on supporting service users with long term condition and
implication for service user.......................................................................................................17
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................20
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
Health and social care are related to the services which are provided in UK. It includes all
the infrastructure of healthcare and the private sector. It is related to the treatment of bad health
and medical conditions in the healthcare centres as well as in the community. Social care is about
the care and support required for vulnerable people, normally in a community. It is not possible
to consider a world without any health or social care. Nurturing in this system has helped many
individuals and their families (Hawkins and McCambridge, 2019). There is some difference and
also an interconnection between health and social care. Health provides function to attain welfare
and is dependent on many reasons such as biological, environmental and some other living
standards. The aim of healthcare is offer medical care to individuals while also dealing with the
diagnosis and treatment of physical and mental disabilities. It is one of the biggest necessities
and helps in reducing social inequality at the time of health care. On the other hand, social care
deals with the day to day activities of living and following the basic hygiene and maintaining the
same. Having social care can help reducing the unnecessary visits to the healthcare systems and
also helps in quick discharge of patients lastly, making it less dependent on healthcare bodies.
Both health and social care will produce collaborative work which will make the society a better
place. This report deals with the different policies of healthcare and the factors influencing them.
MAIN BODY
1.1 Main healthcare policy reforms
During the time of election, healthcare was seen to have as the main issue from the public
side. The labour party responded to take this concern and reform different policies to introduce
more private sector involvement in the delivery of the healthcare. The basic standard of taking
care of the patients in the private hospitals of Britain is below the level which is found in the
public hospitals (Ferlie, 2017). There were new contracting arrangements made which resulted in
the increase of administration costs from inside of the systems. There was more faith in the
private sector management and its techniques which misplaced during the time when the real
problem on the national health services of the capacity. The labour party is committed to redefine
the different aspects of the healthcare and making it as a personal responsibility rather than
making it as a right. This lead Britain move towards the market based healthcare system.
National health services have contributed in providing free access to the healthcare for the people

of UK at very low costs. The labour government has planned to reform the system in a radical
way. The labour government kept the belief of direct state and ownership for the public facility
being inefficient (Cummins, 2018). Labour party had a great involvement in the profits sector
where ownership and the operations of the publicly funded healthcare facilities, They said that
NHS must use the for profit sector during the time of commissioning healthcare services. Private
companies are supposed to bring in the management which is by the publicly owned hospitals.
This policy was clearly informed by the belief where public ownership and management are
hindrance and making an efficiently working healthcare system. NHS is supposed to move
towards a more market based model. The proposals of these policies were non ideological and
were made to discourage the public debate regarding the changes. Depending on the public
healthcare companies were there to offer a state funded health care system by introducing new
stakeholders in the healthcare system of Britain having the financial claims on the revenues of
NHS. This lead to increase in the costs of administration for NHS and moving the healthcare
provision.
The new labour government was appointed in 1997, which marked by making different
pledges used to dismantle the internal market. Regardless of the ideology, unacceptability in the
internal market is seen to lead sharp inequalities in the service provisions. New labour promised
to spend the saving generated from the scrapping the internal market and reducing on the waiting
for no exception (Buchan, Seccombe and Smith, 2018). The reports of the patient were left for
hours and days on waiting for the beds in hospital to be available. They established national
standards for the treatment and the program to modernise the national health services. They
formed commission for health improvement and national institute of clinical excellence which
was the key moment for the labour health policy. Because of this, the central body of the central
body was investigated and medical benefits were assessed with the methods of cost effectiveness
for different treatments and issuing the guidelines for services. It assessed the clinical
performance of the health service providers while also carrying out investigations on the serious
failures in healthcare. Performance indicators were set and the government published the list
having the rating regarding the performance.
New labour attained the level of command and control and also attempted in modernising
the hearts and minds for the national health services. Different agencies formed were converted
in the NHS institute which aimed for improvements and innovation. This was done to promote

the innovative thinking and changing the ways of working (Smith, 2018). The priorities of the
policy by new labour was about improving the access and reducing the waiting and then later on
increasing the choices given to the patient with the wide range of healthcare providers. This lead
the private sector to provide service in more timely as well as efficient manner where the NHS
can purchase the services in order to generate benefits for the patients.
The labour government of UK brought many changes in the national health services from
the year 1997 to 2010. This was aimed to increase the choices given to the patients regarding the
place of the elective hospital care and boosting more competition between the public and private
service providers for the funded patients. In the year 2006, they initiated a health reform
evaluation program to determine the impact of changes. The high quality care represented the
aim of the government to focus on the next level for healthcare system reform in the UK by
putting in the quality of care while improving the responsiveness and efficiency (Allsop, 2018).
The cultural and behavioural changes lead the NHS to focus more on the generating high quality
for care. Public health budgets were introduced which were less problematic, depending on the
assumptions. The issues were focused on remedying and remaining the central part of the
reformed agenda. In the approach of the labour government resulted in forming the cuts in the
service which is done by the number of managers and having an increased efficiency. It made
NHS more financially attention. A project was introduced to reform the nurse trainings which
was a major change in the style of nursing training where the students nurse is a hospital
employee in a system supernumerary. It spends the parts of their time in getting higher education
and being a part of the clinical placement. There were new mechanism launched for the conjoint
funding for health and social services (Papageorgiou, and et.al., 2020). The new health policies
focused on handling the inequalities. New labour has taken some steps which will produce long
lasting benefits to the service users. High quality of healthcare services play an important part in
the lives of people and supports them from going through health problems.
1.2 Conservative\ liberal coalition health agenda
The health and social care act is about the implementation of different reformed programs
within the timetable which is feasible and there is an anticipated costs saving to be achieved. The
time scale in order to implement new time scales are dependent on different arrangements which
were supposed to be tight. The health and well being board was in transition period to trust the

status and allocate the budgets for public health (Ma, Lemos and Vieira, 2020). Main markings
in the process of implementation of new arrangements includes having specific details in the
mandates of new operating organisations including the national health services. In the coalition
of healthcare reform program, the overall framework of the political responsibility as well as
accountability related to the health services in UK had a secretary of state which retains its
ministerial responsibility for the parliament with the provision of health services. The services
offered by the healthcare systems should be free from any charge and making and recovering the
charges which are provided under any enactment. The responsibilities of secretory of state is to
promote comprehensive to the national health services, they are supposed to hold up the
constitution of national health services while improving the quality of services. They are required
to have a continuous improvement in the outcomes generated for the aim on improving the
public health of public and also reducing the health inequalities.
The agreement having specific pledge focusing on increasing the public expenditure on
the health. It stated to an agreement of funding for the national health services must be increased
in real. This pledge was repeated in broad terms and in commitment with the national values
based on need and not ability to pay (Chin, 2018). The plan was to set national health services
free from the political management and releasing the fund for the front line. The other ideas
behind this was to introduce an independent of national health service board and to develop
monitor to economic regulations while keeping the quality regulated. It had planned to
strengthen the local democratic participation and attaining the accountability which included
elected representatives from the boards of primary care trust. The coalition program committed
to the national health as an expression for the national values and to be free at the point required
to use and based not being able to pay. There is a real increase in the health spending for each
year within the parliament.
It also committed to free the national health services from the political management and
increasing the democratic participation. This makes the national health services to be more
responsible for delivering a value for money and developing a much healthier nation. It stated to
stop the top down re organisations working under NHS and are coming in between the way of
attaining proper care for the patient. It ordered to cut the cost of the administration by a third and
pivoting the cash to the front lines. It asked to give every patient the freedom to select any of the
healthcare provider and meet the standards of NHS and within the prices set by the national

health services which includes being independent and also the community sector providers.
There must be high involvement of independent and voluntary providers. According to the
coalition program, the strength of power of having GP as a patient is an expert guide built on
health system and helping in attaining the commission care on the behalf (Vainieri, and et.al.,
2019). It also involves strengthening of the role of care quality commission in order to make it
become an effective quality to inspectorate.
Coalition health agenda is to develop and monitor an economic regulator which will
oversee the different aspects to access, competition and set the price in the NHS. It developed an
independent board for national health in order to allocate the resources while offering
commissioning guidelines (Atherton, and et.al., 2019). It is supposed to directly include the
elected individuals present on the board of primary care trust. It is done with a reminder of the
board of primary care trust which is appointed by the relevant authority as well as the chief
executive and principle officers appointed by the secretory of states. The local primary care trust
is supposed to act as the champions for the patients and commission to the residual services.
This is best taken care of under a wider level and not directly by the GPs. In addition to this, it
also has a responsibility for improving the public health related to that particular area while
working on a close context with the local authority and some other local organisations. The
success of this is measured on the foundation of results obtained.
There is also a published data of for the performance of healthcare providers on online
platforms and make the patients score the hospitals and its doctors depending on the quality of
the care which the patients are receiving. It is important for the hospitals to open up about the
mistakes done and stop on the centrally dictated closure for the maternity wards. There is no
geographical restriction to the patients with a right of choice. The healthcare systems are
required to develop urgent care services along with GP out of hours services and renegotiating
the contract. There are a values based price set for the drugs and treatment. The discharge
coming of the healthcare systems must be improved and proper with the maximization of number
of day care operations and reducing the delays happening before the operations with access to
care and treatments. It is said to increase the patient control and decision making process
including relations with the health records. It is necessary to create cancer drug fund which will
help the patients to have easy access to cancer drugs. There is also a new dentistry contract added
and a support for children hospices.

1.3 Recent proposals in healthcare policy and its impact on service users
The National health council is there to support the policies which are focusing on the aim
to reduce the costs in the health care for the individuals having some of the chronic diseases and
disabilities. The council respects the quality provided in the healthcare and the goals and
aspirations (Gardner, Webster and Barry, 2018). This has helped in gaining health outcomes
which are important for patients. The council of National health is committed to develop more
sustainable ways which are affordable and produce high value for care with the help of
personalized health. NHS has evaluated many proposals which are intended to address the
healthcare costs in a broad range which includes the prices for drugs. NHS is against the policies
with regard to savings when they have a negative impact on the safety and quality for care. These
efforts are made to reduce the healthcare costs based on this value. This value is determined from
the perspective of patient. The recent proposals are made by considering the existing policies and
proposals and the created a patient centred framework with some main principles. It is done to
promote the high value care, stimulate research and competition and having curb costs
responsibly (Robert, Donetto and Williams, 2021). There are area in the policies which have the
potential to reduce the costs for patients and the health care systems. The policy
recommendations were based to reduce the barriers coming in the way of developing the generic
and biosimilar products along with the assist in the approval of some definite generic
applications where the curb patent settlements are the strategies based on the patents is made to
delay the access to the patient with the lower cost medications and beyond the date of patent
expiry. It is important to encourage competition with the help of supporting the policies made by
FDA and being implemented in a clearly based regulatory path for the biosimilars. It allows the
FDA to determine the interchangeability related to the case by case. The proposal is to support
the policy which will help in avoiding company voluntary restricted systems from being a barrier
to the generic and biosimilar samples of the products which are accessed by the company. It tells
to stop the use of single shared REMS programs negotiations in a way which will lead to delay in
generic entry along with causing no harm to the safety provisions.
Proposal contributes in promoting some meaningful way of transparency present around
the price and cost sharing. Standards must be established for the insurers in the way of providing
some estimations of the total costs which is to be paid by the insurer. The cost shared by patients

for all the covered items and services are important topic for making the decisions which
includes time of the plan sections, information which is under easy access and is easy to
understand. This will allow the patients to anticipate the total costs from before attain the
services and gauge the value of their care. Products and services must have a coinsurance which
will estimate what will be provided and the range of increments which will allow meaningful
estimations done by the patients prior from having the service. In order to create value from the
perspectives of patient, will lead in creating patient centred value framework which will result in
drastic improvement of the existing framework by using the view point of the patient. Creating
the National standards for the service providers and displaying the billing information with the
accessible and consumer friendly way. Here, the patients are able to have a value of their care
with the means of understanding the cost information for the offered products and services. This
includes having the charges set by the service provider and negotiated rates where ever it is
applicable in the cost sharing information. It is to protect the patients from the surprise medical
bills which is done by ensuring the facilities which is supposed to be disclosed to the patients in
an advance way and at the point of service where the status for network for all the providers is
related to the care and includes the provider settings which will help in facilitating the in network
with the specific providers which are out of the network. It is not allowed to have a balance
billing out of the network for the providers required in both emergency and non emergency care.
This will help in preventing in billing from the patients through direct means for the remaining
charges without the agreement of health plans for the payment. It is required to have an
improved disclosures by the insurance companies with an up to date information about the in and
out network of the provider with the patients and providers. It includes the hospital setting and
facilitating the services which are out of the network. It is important to establish a process for
defining the out of network claim and should be paid in full amount.
The proposal was made to facilitate the implementation of the value based insurance
design and to promote the same in the medicare advantage. This includes having the increased
flexibility for some of services such as transportation and other social services which are
integrated with the behavioural care services. It is required to support the development and use of
the outcome which is measured in order to determine the amount to be paid along with the new
benefit models. This will provide new access in having a greater use of measures which are
based on the outcomes which are necessary for the patients in the evaluating their effectiveness

of new models. This will help in promoting and developing the quality measures which are the
patient generated data having their experience and reports of the generated outcomes. It said to
allow the health plans with the flexibility to provide the coverage and some additional services
which will help in managing the chronic diseases before the deductible. Healthcare systems are
supposed to address the barriers of the value based arrangements.
2.1 Ideologies and backgrounds which affects the healthcare policy developments
A wide range of information makes up for the evidence in the process of policy making
which is ranged from the evidence generated from the research conducted as well as information
generated in the process. Evidence can also be generated with new ideas and interests taken from
the knowledge of individuals or even a group of people (Lewis, Waite and Hodkinson, 2017). It
is done to restrict the focus in narrowing down the discussions present in subsequent text to
generate the evidence from the research. Ideas and ideologies are the major parameter in
determining the consideration of bringing the evidence related to the policy. Ideas help in
shaping the belief systems which is important for the policy models. This model highlights each
of the policy which is formed by the coalitions based on the certain type of ideologies and ideas.
For the power and the relations of power for the health professionals and healthcare users, power
is about the means of the capability which is required to achieve the desired outcome and do
something about it. In the process of making the policy, the concept of power is taken in more
relational sense and having power over each other. The power of decision making is given to the
individuals who are rich in political resources such as social standing and wealth, can directly
influence the policy decisions. Individuals in non decision making power are able to use their
influence in imposing limits on the policy agenda (Parnell, and et.al., 2020). Power to control
helps in having the impact in shaping the preferences. All the members involves in the policy
process are having their own interests and the voluntary collection of the individuals attempt to
influence the policy in order to attain the specific goals.
The sectional groups will contribute in protecting and enhancing the interests of their
members. This influence depends on the government. These groups have more influence over the
government generated policies as the cooperation of sectional groups is more important due to
economic reasons and the implementation of these policies. A medical professional is considered
to be a very dominant section of the groups. The cause groups are there to promote and raise

awareness about a particular issue and are formed on spontaneous basis with some actions which
are unconnected with the individuals based on beliefs. These interest groups perform some
function such as participation in order to get involved in the politics and put forward the
opinions. They represent the range of opinions which are under policy making considerations.
these groups are motivated which help them to draw new issues in the attention of government
and develop new policies. They build pressure for taking actions while monitoring the
performance and behaviour of government. Interest groups use their knowledge to address a
particular issue and deliver the services without taking help of any government funding.
Ideologies are the belief systems which are allocated to use the power within the society.
In the case of health, ideologies revolve around the individual freedom and the authority of the
state. It forms the balance between individuals and the collective responsibilities. The ideology
of collectivism puts a great emphasis on the role of state and other collective arrangements which
are highly critical of individualism. The principle means of social intervention is used to support
the public health interventions which are entrenched about the personal liberties. Libertarianism
is used to emphasis on the freedom of individuals to pursue the activities without having any
interference of the state. It stands against the unfairness to force the individuals to sacrifice
personal freedom to have a common good. It is helpful in increasing the individual responsibility
regarding health and believing that the individuals are free to make their own choices regarding
their health. The green ideology is opposed creating the destructiveness of the industrial society
and pursuit of having economic growth at all costs. It adopts the way of health which highlights
the illness rising from around the environment in which people live in. For example in the case
of cigarette smoking, have an inverse association with the tax levels and mainly in the poor
people and teenagers. Individuals having an ideology against stopping cigarette will reject the
idea of banning one and will argue on the topic of influencing the behaviours of people and to
choose the individual freedom (Graham-Clarke, and et.al., 2019). They will believe that cigarette
smoking is a behaviour and in under the control of the individual itself. The individuals in policy
planning who has the ideology that cigarette smoking is not an individual decision but is
influenced by the social cultural vibe can lead to accepting the ban and not infringing in the
freedom of choice for the citizens.
The changes in political imperatives will reflect on the political ideologies. Factors which
influence the process of making the policies includes having a lack of quality in the evidence,

difficulty in applying and being resource constraints during the time of applications. Ideologies
will not affect the way in which the evidence is received for the policy circles but the extent to
which it is used in making the policy (Courtenay and et.al., 2018). The ideas which come from
the funding organisations are the ones which generate a lot of funding and this can be seen in the
example of HIV which created a lot of buzz and draw some resources when compared to the
other issues which were more severe on the health of public people. The reason behind this is
that HIV fits well in the frame of ideas in the minds of people deciding for the funding. The base
of developing the policies is determined by the ideas and is designed in such a way which makes
the ideas fit in the frame and generating results from centres with favourable results. The policy
which fits the ideologies of people gets more preference in publication and comes in the public
attention. Individual interest and ideas are very likely to shape the process of policy making.
Ideologies which are govern by different shapes are leading to the generation of evidence (Carter
and Martin, 2018). This knowledge is considered when filling the gaps making an evidence
based policy.
2.2 Stakeholders can influence policy development
Stakeholders are very important part of the population. Stakeholders are interested in the
results because they are associated with gain or loss of planning process. They are also known as
interest groups. Stakeholders consists of an individual, groups or companies. Policy makers who
design policies must be listen to stakeholders. Policy making should be done by considering
stakeholders (Mirza and Wagner, 2018). In the policy development process stakeholders are
involved which focus on policy problems and improving resources for policy development. It
can be said that popular public problems can be finds out everywhere on multiple domain or on
other organisation domain. It can be related to air quality improvement or regarding food safety.
In order to address these problems government or authorities make public policies. Now
stakeholders is also having interference in policy making and in government work. Stakeholder
engagement in the policy is dependent on how much they are connected with the policy
procedure. Policy making process is not easy and is complex. As policies are developed for
stakeholders so they have great impact on policy development. If stakeholder does not gets
impressed with the policy or feels that the policy is not for the betterment of the society and
protest against such policies.

As stakeholders can give their opinions and views. Stakeholders can be informed via
various sources like newsletter, websites, fact sheets etc regarding to the policy. If talking about
healthcare system then its stakeholders are physicians, doctors, pharma company, government,
patients, insurance companies and employers. As insurance company sells health insurance to
patients in order to cover their health related risk with the help of government agencies and
which is indirect participant. Pharma companies manufacture medicine which is sold to the
patients through doctors. So it can be said that there is the relationship between the stakeholders.
There are two types of stakeholders which are internal stakeholder and external stakeholder.
These two stakeholder influences policy development. Stakeholder can raise there voice if they
are not happy with the policy and this put an stop in the process of policy development. So
government should also listen to stakeholder before making the policy or rather they should have
included in making policies. Policies should be made in such a manner which provide high
satisfaction to the stakeholder because if policies are made in the favour of them then they will
not going to oppose the policy (Yu and et.al., 2017). If stakeholders are not happy with the
policy then they can use various methods to stop the execution of policies which can be rallies,
calling media, take support from advocate etc. in today's world as social media platforms has
become the voice of people. So stakeholders can use various social media platform to given their
views and opinions which is made by the government. It is not like stakeholder are always
against the policy. If policy made by government is good and in the favour of stakeholder than
they will also support it.
Stakeholder will be influenced and will influence the development of policy at different
stages. The stakeholders who have a great amount of interest in the subject but have little power
are important to manage. They will form the basis of strength and are capable of lobbying the
policy development process. Stakeholders with great power and less interest comes under being
satisfied and will be the supporter of the policy (Boaz, and et.al., 2018). Some of the
stakeholders are difficult to engage as they will have all the information thus, will make it
challenging. Stakeholders are involved in the process of decision making and thus, demand
transparency and complete disclosure of the information. The main stakeholders in the healthcare
are the patients, physicians, employers, insurance company, pharmaceutical companies and
government. All these stakeholders have some duties and responsibilities to be followed. there
are several policies which are proposed and developed. The engagement of stakeholders is aimed

to reflect on some certain circumstances, needs and resources. The development of policy works
between policy makers and stakeholders. Stakeholders are supposed to give inputs during the
formulation of the policy and are given enough amount of time to use effective ways to evaluate
the policy.
Every stakeholder will agree for the policy which is good for them. The strict
requirements are making people stop from having health insurance. healthcare has become a
harder way to obtain due to all the financial problems. This will make the insurance companies
as a stakeholder to bring in tight regulations against the already existing conditions. In an ethical
perspective, stakeholders are used to justify the contribution in participating and democracy.
They will analyse and justify the reasons behind the final decision. Patients are the most
important stakeholders, as the healthcare policies will affect them the most. They will opt for the
policy which makes their healthcare system affordable and easily accessible with high quality.
Pharma stakeholders have the moral responsibility to have people afford their products and will
look into the benefits and risks for the brand of medication (Kruczek and Deska, 2018).
Physicians have the power to control the rising costs of healthcare. They form a balance between
the insurance companies and the patients. Patients will agree for the policies of having low
healthcare costs and less expensive treatments. Government are there to create certain rights
related to the equal treatment for all and the right to have liberty. All the stakeholders play an
important role in the process of policy development.
3.1 Impact of policy that developed during coalition government on service users in healthcare
Healthcare policies affect services used by services users to the great extent as it does not
only affect the cost that service users have to pay but also affect their overall health. Before
discussing impacts of coalition government’s policies it is important to understand coalition
government and in this regard, it can be said that it is a form of government in which all political
parties cooperate each other in order to form a government that can make beneficial to all and
can improve country’s economic condition. It happens when 2 and more than 2 parties enter into
a formal agreement to cooperate for achieving majority in parliament. The rising cost of
healthcare has placed an increasing strain on disposable income of service users. Policies that
developed at the time of coalition have great impact on service users. The 2010-2015 parliaments
has been a parliament of 2 halves for the NHS in which the first half was dominated by debate on
health and social care bill and the second half was taken up with decreasing or limiting damages

that caused by the bill (Cummins, 2018). After this, NHS comes under pressure for rising
demand for care by increasing numbers of providers who can provide qualitative services.
Coalition government’s reform program covers main 5-6 areas that can have positive impacts on
service users. All 6 areas include: provision of care, regulation of care, commissioning of care,
integration of care, competition and accountability.
The current government has abolished the National patient safety agency and transferred
all its functions to NHS commissioning board. It measured 3-4 high volume patient safety issues
once a month. The main four areas that was focused the most at the time of Coalition
government was urinary infection, falls in care, pressure ulcers and treatment for venous
thromboembolism. Al these frameworks and policies have great impact of service users. Care
quality commission took initiative and responsible for making sure that NHS care meets safety
and quality care standards and playing all of its roles in improving health of patients. The main
focus of policies on quality of care and patients’ safety but gives less emphasis on regulations.
Policies that have been developed at the time of coalition time, or government, believe that NHS
leaders and staff are the one who can bring positive changes. They are the main resource who
can improve patients’ health by providing quality of care to service users. Some serious
attentions that need to be focused is on the regulations of medical devices (Gentry, Milden and
Kelly, 2020). The overall aim was to prevent patients or service users from any harm and
decreasing their hospital stay rate. Coalition government policies highlighted the potential for
greater general professional involvement in public health and they made changes in structure of
public health in order to strengthen public health and it is found that all these policies decreased
patients’ hospital stay rate and improved their health to the great extent.
Major positive changes happen after development of policies during coalition’s
government such as: stabilising and decreasing rate in smoking. In july 2007, ban of smoking in
public places were introduced and after introduction of such places, survey is being done and
from survey it is found that cigarette consumption is being decreased and it contributed to the
long-run downward trend in smoking rates. There is some evidence that shows some positive
impacts of previous government at initially on smoking rates, alcohol consumption and obesity.
In terms of overall health it can be said that at the time of coalition government, life expectancy
has increased. Women can expect to live 2 years longer than men on their average rate of age.
Some recent data also suggests that there are some areas that need to be improved and as

compared to previous years, public health issues are improving to the great extent (Beresford,
2019).
Health and social care act 2012 enacted a set of statutory duty and it modified the nature
and scope of political responsibility, accountability for health service in England (Spencer,
2018). On the contrary side, some issues related to healthcare services have been identified that
service users faced or suffered from such as: inadequate coordination, problems in accessing
service and others. It affected their overall health and it is believed that other factors and
improvements depend on health of people. The first happiness is health and if people are healthy
then they are more likely to happier than others. Healthcare coalition partners work together in
order to promote good health and getting positive outcomes. There were an increasing demand
for social service by older people and it puts a burden on their families because the rising needs
of older people are hindered by the austerity programs, developed at the time of coalition
government. The older people are known as the majority of the adult users of the National
homeland services.
On contrary side it is found that coalition government and its policies have negative
impacts on people who were suffering from mental health. It is found that coalition government
cut the emergency budget and this cut in budget affected vulnerable people. Vulnerable people
find difficulties in getting job and earning money as like other normal people. By September
2010, approximate 48% of disabled people were unemployed. So, it is found that this coalition
government brought inequality and vulnerable people did not get access to educational
opportunities. So, in this perspective, it can be said that it brings inequality and had negative
impacts (Jo and Nabatchi, 2019). Government’s decision to include reduced income and
increased cost worsens the financial status of the people who were poor already. The high cost of
living with high level of unemployment makes situations the worst and at that time disabled
people were relied on social care services. Reduction of cost in such public services decreased
the quality of life that led by thee disabled people. Evidence suggests that disabled people got
affected the most in a negative manner after this coalition government. It is also stated that
coalition government is mainly responsible for medical reversions. Measurement of disabled
people as per the set criteria also affected disabled people as it affected social care professional’s
capacities to provide customised services that can meet needs of disabled people. It increased

tension among people who live individually or independently as it leaves less choice for the
people who live with disabilities in their service provision.
Some provisions made in health and social care act at the time of coalition government and
as per the provisions, social and healthcare professionals were responsible to make sure that
there is no delay in need of care to people who required them the most. Many of the times, it
happens when people die because they do not get special care and treatment in a timely manner
so, the main focus of policies, developed by coalition government was to prevent people from
death that happens because of delay in care. They increased the number of social care providers
in order to provide qualitative healthcare services to service users in a timely manner. These
provisions made in healthcare policies increased statutory responsibilities of social service in
order to support for carers (Myloneros and Sakellariou, 2021). It can be said that both health care
policies such as: social care act 2012 and 2014 contain provisions that promote the integration of
health and social care. Overall, it can be said that coalition government’s policies had critical
impacts on health of service users as initially it brought some positive changes and after some
time it brought some negative impacts especially on disabled people. Inequality between the rich
and the poor as well as disabled and non-disabled people increased. There is need to focus on
improving quality of care and focusing all problems that is affecting quality of care received by
patients or service users. Some areas that need to be focus for improvement include: recruitment
of care providers as due to working pressure and longer working hours, nurses and staff leaves
this sector that increases staff turnover rate and affect quality of care, received by service users.
So, coalition government and its policies need to invest in recruitment of service providers and
also need to improve infrastructure where service providers can work in an effective manner.
Numbers of service providers can solve problems of work load. Coalition government also needs
to increase budget or investment in services provided to disabled people at free of cost because
disabled people find difficulties in earning so they cannot access healthcare services at cost
(Kowalczyk, Randolph and Oravecz, 2017).
3.2 The government policy on supporting service users with long term condition and implication
for service user
This could be informed about the patients and heath care system that could work while
for having the committed partnership. In such kind of things this might be also helpful working
with very important and make sure for having those extra encouragements to make their

participate them for new role. While so making their consideration needs to give them for
preparing about each person and make sure for having their policies and conditions (Trischler,
Johnson and Kristensson, 2020). As staff also need to work with having some new things and
that contribution for each things might be important. In such person can bring more value for
care about their things and that could complete their contribution for being high implication
about their working things. This could also led them for working with more multidisciplinary
teams and make sure for having those things and that could increasingly be provided with those
things.
All required for represents the organizational theories that could also led them for
working with high effective systems and training for keeping the long term conditions. This
might be also include those things and make sure for having those records system which could
make them for using various documents. The menu of community when necessary groups and
individuals must be developed and keeping their health and social care setting. These individuals
currently spending more about those terms and health care professionals which are often with
having used to inform (Walsh and et.al., 2020). Those things that can be used for having those
activities and make sure for keeping their culture connections. Who could more supportive and
that could inform about those things with each other who could provide more representing those
both resources. Long terms condition and that could place their government role for having the
health and social care. For those things which could led them for having high effective role.
Where care arranging happens and how each progression planned will fluctuate as nearby
assets and people supplies. The significant point care arrange, execution and survey constant
cycle over. Time of months or a long time. It is recognized that having better conference among
clinicians and patients not something that can skilful without extra exertion. Clinicians now
have a structure for interviews into their every day training. Old propensities fanatic, critical to
clear about what correctly needs to change to bring out this new way of working. Clinicians
regularly gripe that time pressure delay giving kind customized care they might have the option
to convey (Senyo and Osabutey, 2020). Sources depicted tending out method of overseeing from
this issue. So individual's most important issues were centred around first, with arranged
development discussions to manage elective issues. For other people, it implied offering longer
counsels for the individuals who necessary them, in the conviction that this style makes the entire
pathway more effective.

Members and interviewees comment on extra managerial intricacy arrange care
anticipating persons with different long haul circumstances. While it demonstrated testing unite
every one of the scientific issues for every person with various circumstances into one around
consideration plan, the possible advantages doing such were huge (Hartley and et.al., 2020). A
considerable lot of those we conversed with remarked on the trouble of realizing precisely
interviews, and regardless whether the manner which clinicians and patients cooperate had truly
changed. There was solid interest for better methods estimate patients encounter and patient-
revealed results, so that progress can thoroughly observed. This could also essential for taking
their high impact over through which the policies and make sure for keeping more growth. As
per having their effective role and might be play their important concepts for which the
government can take their major steps.
Different procedures have been to empower patient venture, including making data
accessible about care arrange and how individuals included. This might be also drawing in the
more extensive local area, nearby bosses and confidence gatherings. Individuals disclosed that
the best hindrance to getting these methodologies more generally took negative mentality with
respect to wellbeing expert (Jones and et.al., 2020). Wellbeing and social thought experts may
similarly insentient nearby local area and self development assets and their likely compensation.
In any case, insight at various locales showed that these mentalities could be survive given the
correct help and prepare. As being more government supportive material that could also help
them for knowing about those system and make sure for knowing for those impact. In such
things this could also help them for knowing strategies in which his growth and development for
having the proper process. Health and safety act is one of the main act or policy that is being
developed for service users and providers for long term conditions. As per the health and safety,
service providers and nurses need to follow all standards that can provide qualitative care to
service users. Service providers also can work at a place that is safe and secure and it can
decrease staff turnover rate. This act can improve overall health of patients and service users that
can bring number of positive changes as healthy people are more likely to focus on their work. It
can increase life expectancy and overall quality of life of people that is important for improved
economy. Overall, it can be said that there are numbers of healthcare policies that can bring
positive changes and can improve quality of life. It can solve all problems that service providers
and service users are facing such as: lack of access to healthcare services, poor healthcare

services and others. So, all these healthcare issues have solved with improved and developed
policies by government. Government has increased investment in advanced technology and
resources, used in healthcare sector and this investment helped numbers of services users. It
decreased patients’ stay rate in hospitals, patients received advanced healthcare services and
treatment of severe diseases. Advanced technology and development of policies in healthcare
sector as well as investment in resources have positive impacts on overall health of service users.
From survey, it is found that overall life expectancy rate has being increased after investment in
resources by government. There are numbers of areas where rate of patients such as mental
health, obesity and other have been decreased so, from data, it can clearly be said that
government is playing a vital role in this sector for improving health of people.
CONCLUSION
The policies in health care are shaped and constrained with the overall themes that are
presented by the party leaders with some unique elements. The main message sent by these
liberal campaigns is to stand on the claimed records by the government as to be better economic
managers and offering some amount of tax cuts for a long time. These cuts in taxes are marketed
on the basis of giving more power to make their specific choices on spending the money. The
campaign of labour regarding the health is different from that of liberals. The message from
labour is to have flat lined wages while keeping the prices go up and is fixable by labours. The
policies of labours related to childcare and minimum wages fits in the general theme for an
approach towards the health policy. Health is the highlighted part in the labour campaign. There
is an understanding developed on the healthcare provision in UK. There are many different
theoretical frameworks and models used in the development of the policies. The stakeholders of
the organisation plays an important part during the time of developing a policy. The healthcare
policies were changed during the time of coalition government which has a major impact on the
individuals using these services. Government of UK has also addressed many policies regarding
the supporting of services to its users on a long term basis.

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