Al-Immam Abdulrahmen Bin Faisal Hospital: Patient Safety Project

This organizational development project focuses on improving patient safety culture within Al-Immam Abdulrahmen Bin Faisal Hospital in Saudi Arabia. The project addresses declining healthcare service quality and aims to identify and analyze strategies to mitigate risks associated with patient safety. The report includes an introduction outlining the problem statement, organizational context, and rationale for the project, emphasizing the need for intervention due to issues like lack of staff training and medication errors. A comprehensive literature review explores existing research on patient safety culture and the search strategy employed. The project's objectives include assessing staff awareness, establishing safety culture barriers, delivering training programs, and improving safety culture effectiveness. The student's role as a quality management specialist involves identifying issues, facilitating change, and monitoring project implementation. The project's desired impact is improved patient care services through staff training and enhanced organizational processes.

Running head: HEALTHCARE ORGANISATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
Healthcare Organizational Development Project: Analyzing Strategies and Methods for
Improving Patient Safety Culture in Hospital, Saudi Arabia
Name of Student
Name of University
Author Note

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Abstract (250 words)
Chapter 1: Introduction (1500 words)
1.1. Introduction
The patient safety culture is a concept that has originated outside healthcare. Patient
safety culture is important as it helps in maintaining the quality of the healthcare services
provided. Patient Safety Culture acknowledges the high risk nature of an organization’s activities
with a determination to achieve consistently safe operations. The organizational development
report aims in accessing the issue related to patient safety culture in hospitals of Saudi Arabia
(Ulrich & Kear, 2014). There have been a constant decrease in the quality of healthcare services
provided in Saudi Arabia. The organizational development report focuses on Al-Immam
Abdulrahmen Bin Faisal Hospital. Safety culture however, can be described as a local problem
with variations in perception of the safety culture. The Introduction chapter introduces the
organizational context, intervention details and the rationale for carrying out this organizational
development project.
1.2. Problem Statement
Issues in patient safety culture has given rise to the need of reviewing the patient safety
culture in hospitals of Saudi Arabia. The decrease in the quality of the healthcare services
provided to the patients have given rise to the need of accessing the issues related to patient
safety culture (Almutairi, Gardner & McCarthy, 2014). It is quite necessary to access the patient
safety culture in a hospital as degradation of patient safety culture can result in decrease pf the

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patient flow within the organization. Therefore, working on this particular organizational
development project is justified.
1.3. Organization and context of the change
This particular organizational is one of the leading hospitals in Dammam. It is one of the
ministry of National Guard Health Affairs Medical cities. The hospital was officially opened in
the year 2002. The hospital has the capability of 112 beds, an intensive care unit consisting of 6
beds, a Neonatal Intensive care and 4 operation rooms. Although the hospital aims in provide ng
quality services to the community children and their families, recently, there have been issues
related to patient safety culture in hospitals of Saudi Arabia.
The issues and the problems will be discussed in this organizational development report.
The issues in patient safety culture will be discussed in this report with an aim of identifying the
strategies that can help in addressing the risks related to patient safety culture in the chosen
hospital (DiCuccio, 2015). The chosen organization aims in providing an excellent medical
services to their clients. The organization development report aims in identifying and analyzing
the strategies that can help in improving the patient safety culture in the chosen hospital.
1.4. Rationale for Carrying out the Project
It is identified that a number of hospitals in Saudi Arabia is facing problems related to
patient safety culture. It has been identified that leading hospitals in Saudi Arabia are currently
facing troubles in providing a quality healthcare services to the patients. There are a number of
factors that can affect the patient safety culture of a hospital (El-Jardali et al., 2014). On analysis
of the patient’s safety from nursing perspective, it is found out that the safety of patient culture is
associated with better scores on the supervisor of the hospital or managers of the hospital.

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The government of Saudi Arabia along with the ministry of National Guard health
Affairs are trying to improve the quality of healthcare services by implementing appropriate
patient safety culture in the hospitals of Saudi Arabia. The project undertaken aims in analyzing
the strategies of implementing patient safety culture and therefore the choice of this project is
justified.
1.5. Details of the Intervention
The aim of the chosen hospital and other healthcare organizations of Saudi is to ensure
patient’s safety and to provide the patient with appropriate healthcare facilities. Decrease in the
maintaining the quality of patient care services increases the need of this intervention.
Negligence of the staffs and the healthcare providers can affect the organizational effectiveness.
The negligence can often risk the life of the patients (Ammouri et al., 2015). Negligence in
patient care is considered to be a critical issue and therefore the issue is needed to be mitigated.
Therefore, this project has been undertaken in order to analyze the strategies of improving
patient care services in different hospitals of Saudi Arabia.
1.5.1. Current Situation
The patient care surveys indicate that there have been a constant decrease in the quality
of patient safety culture in the hospitals of Saudi Arabia. The significant falls in the patient safety
culture have resulted in the decrease in the patient flow of the chosen organization. One of the
major causes behind the declination in the quality of patient care services is lack of training of
the staffs and employees of the organization (Almutairi, McCarthy & Gardner, 2015). There
have been an increase in number of medication errors by the staffs and employees of the

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hospitals. These medication errors are needed to be analyzed in order to ensure effective patient
safety culture in hospitals of Saudi Arabia.
1.5.2. Desired Situation
The organizational development report aims in providing solutions to the identified
problem related to patient care. One of the major issues associated with the patient safety culture
is lack of training and knowledge related to patient safety (Bassuni & Bayoumi, 2015). The
undertaken organizational development project aims in designing and developing a training
program to the staffs and employees of the chosen hospital in order to improve the patient safety
culture in the chosen hospital. It is expected that implementation of the organizational
development project will help in improving the patient care services offered by the hospitals of
Saudi Arabia.
1.5.3. Process of Intervention
The project focuses on improving the patient care services in hospitals of Saudi Arabia.
The aim of the project is to analyze the strategies of improving patient care services. It is
anticipated that a patient safety culture training can significantly help in improving the patient
safety culture in hospitals of Saudi Arabia.
The project therefore focuses on the quality improvement of the patient care services. The
project team has been given the responsibility of managing the entire project work (Hesselink et
al., 2014). As per the need of the project, the project team will be evaluating the patient care
surveys to identify the issues associated with the delivery of effective patient safety culture in
hospitals of Saudi Arabia. Followed by that, effective strategies of improving the patient safety
culture will be identified and analyzed through this organizational development report.

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1.5.4. Desired Impact
The project undertaken is expected to have a positive impact on the patient safety culture
in the hospitals of Saudi Arabia. The project is expected to improve the overall process of
operational within the chosen hospital. Patient safety culture can be improved only if the
management is keen enough to improve their services. Training the staffs and the employees of
the hospital regarding the need of implementing effective patient care services. The training
program will educate the staffs and the employees about the importance of patient safety culture.
Therefore, it is expected that the training program will have a positive impact on the patients and
the hospital management team. Furthermore, with the implementation of this project, the chosen
organization is likely to be benefited.
1.6. Aim and Objectives
The project aims in analyzing the strategies of establishing effective patient care services
in the chosen hospital. The smart objectives of the project are as follows-
SMART Objectives
SMART objectives are set in this project as those objectives are traceable. SMART
objectives help in clarifying the ideas, focus and efforts needed to perform a task. The smart
objectives identified for the project are as follows-
1. To review the staff awareness on safety culture by December 2018
2. To establish a list of safety culture barriers by reviewing the previous patient
safety culture report and improve the highest 3 domain by May 2019

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3. To deliver safety culture training to all staffs of the chosen hospital by the end of
September 2019
4. To improve safety culture effectiveness by 40 percent till the end of December
2019
The project undertaken will be evaluating the above identified objectives. The project
will be successful only if the objectives of the project are met.
1.7. Role of the Student and the Team Involved in the Project
I have been given the responsibility of quality management specialist in order to identify
the issues related to patient safety culture in the hospitals of Saudi Arabia (Ulrich & Kear, 2014).
I am responsible for identification of the changes needed in the chosen organization and the
process by which the changes are needed to be implemented. I am responsible for facilitating and
monitoring the implementation of the project according to the plan.
1.8. Signpost
The chapter provides a brief overview of the project and introduces the topic to the
readers. The following chapters of the organizational development report provides an idea of the
literature review, organizational development process, planning and evaluation of the project.
This report formulates the project plan in an effective manner so that the identified objectives of
the project is met.

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Chapter 2: Literature Review (3500 words)
2.1. Introduction
This section of the organization change project report will review the previously
published journals and literature to collect data related to chosen organization. Patient safety
culture is intrinsically complex and is based on the organizations providing commitment of
safety from all levels. The commitment of safety by the healthcare organizations establishes the
safety culture, which encompasses certain key features which are, acknowledgement of issues
with patient safety in the organizations and determination of the safe operations of the patients
(Ulrich & Kear, 2014). The journals and literature from recent sources are reviewed in order
collect evidences related to safety culture in healthcare. The literature review chapter of the
organization change report will analyze the current knowledge of safety culture in healthcare
organization. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the patient safety culture from theoretical
perspective by evaluating the journals and literature in this field. All the discussion associated
with the literature review chapter is done based on the secondary data sources. The data collected
in this chapter will help in analysis of data collected in the evaluation chapter.
The concept of patient safety culture has originated outside the healthcare sector and
patient safety culture is based on minimization of the adverse effect of improper safety culture of
the patients (Ammouri et al., 2015). The following section of this chapter identifies the search
strategy followed for this extensive literature search related to patient safety culture in hospitals
of Saudi Arabia. By the end of this chapter, the gap in the literature will be identified, which will
be addressed in the later section of the report.
2.2. Search Strategy

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The literature review section is mainly based on presenting various theoretical concepts
associated with the chosen topic. In order to collect secondary data about the chosen topic, the
researcher has performed an extensive internet search to identify different research journals
related to the topic. Certain specific key words are used in the search engine in order to identify
secondary sources that contains details of patient safety culture and service quality of different
hospitals of Saudi Arabia. The key words include “patient safety culture”, “patient safety” and
“safety principles”. The researcher has mainly made use of the database “Google Scholar” to
collect the relevant literature and journals related to the chosen topic. Apart from that, the
research has evaluated recent patient safety culture of the chosen hospital in order to collect data
about the patient safety culture. The research data is mainly collected from books, journals,
literature and websites. In order to identify appropriate journals and literature in this field,
specific keywords search is done as per the research topic. The journals that were considered for
review are mostly taken by valid and credible sources. The researcher has mainly made use
certain specific research papers that provides the details of patient safety culture. The use of
recent information has made
2.3. Review of Themes
This section of literature review will provide an evaluation and of certain identified
themes related to patient safety culture in Saudi Arabia, with special focus on the chosen
hospital. The concept of patient safety culture has mainly originated outside healthcare and is
largely linked with nursing education and nursing culture. An unsafe patient culture practice can
significantly affect the cultural principles of the hospital and affect the safety of the patients. An
unsafe cultural practice can be perfectly defined by the process of providing effective services to
the patients. Patients’ safety is directed by determining the accepted practices that works in for of

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assessing the safety culture of the patients. In this context, better understanding of the
components and the influencers of the culture is essential for developing the strategies related to
patients’ safety culture. The concept of patient safety culture is devised from leadership of
nursing and health services. The patient safety culture is associated with effective recognition of
patient safety culture in multidimensional environment. The patient safety culture is largely
dependent on the individual performance of the staffs and the employees of the hospital in
support to patient safety and incident management. Understanding the patient safety culture is
quite essential as it has multiple influencers. The patient safety culture is largely dependent on
the cultures in health, migrant experiences and the social economic condition of people. The
following section of the report identifies the relevant themes associated with the chosen topic.
The following section identifies the important aspects of the distinctive themes. Appropriate
understanding of the patient safety culture has multiple influencers that include patient and
family engagement, leadership and effectiveness in teamwork and communication. Safety
culture is a found to be a local problem as there are a number of perception associated with the
safety culture. Various researches prove that perception of individual providers negatively affect
the safety culture of the hospital. The organizational leadership play a significant role in
management of safety culture within a single organization. The patient safety culture of Saudi
Arabia is quite conservative and therefore effective
2.3.1. Theme 1: Principles of Patient Safety Culture
This theme related to patient safety culture will mostly analyze the principles behind the
patient safety culture in hospitals (Steven et al., 2014). It is quite essential to identify and
improve patient safety culture in hospitals. Identification of the principles of patient safety
culture will help in suggesting actions for improving patient safety culture.

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Measuring patient safety culture is capable of providing insights into areas of
improvement that a hospital need to monitor.
The significant principle of patient safety culture is improving the well-being and health
status of the individuals. A recent study about the patient safety culture in the chosen hospital
indicates that the overall response score of patient safety culture in the chosen hospital is only
44% (Leotsakos et al., 2014). The figure below indicates the result of the patient safety culture
performed in the chosen hospital.
Figure 1: Representing data about patient safety culture
The data indicates that the patient safety culture of the chosen hospital. The survey
indicates that the patient safety culture needs improvement in certain field which are teamwork

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climate, Safety climate, job satisfaction, perception of senior management and perception of
local management. The patient safety culture survey that is generated involves a customized
version of the survey that aimed in collection of data from the chosen hospital.
Thus, it can be observed that in the chosen hospital, there are issues related to improving
the well-being and the status of the individuals. Patient safety culture is directly linked with
nursing the patients. Researches prove that, it is essential for the nurses to acknowledge the
practices and beliefs that differ. The patient safety culture is largely dependent on the delivery of
the nursing and the health services (Vaismoradi, Jordan & Kangasniemi, 2015). Therefore in
order to ensure improvement in patient safety culture, the chosen healthcare organization need to
create a climate of open communication within the organization. Improvement in the delivery of
the healthcare services is possible only when nurses make healthy relationship with the service
users.
Another significant principle associated with patient safety culture is to develop the
delivery effective nursing services. The delivery of the health services in the chosen hospital is
needed to be made culturally safe in order to bring about the much needed improvement in
patient safety culture of a hospital. Effective nursing services can be designed by building a high
reliability teams. Trainings can be provided to the staffs and nurses to develop the delivery of
effective nursing services. Researches prove that patients feel safer if they receive a high quality
care services for the hospital. Deficiencies in the communication process and in team
communication is seen to be a frequent contributor of the adverse events. Therefore, it can be
said that delivery of the health services can be made culturally safe when the nurses are able to
make a healthy relationship with the service users (Khater et al., 2015). The implementation of
effective training programs will help the nurses to empower the process of delivery of services to