Quality & Safety: Indicators of Organizational Performance

This report examines the critical role of quality and safety measures within healthcare institutions, with a specific focus on Alfred Hospital's efforts. It identifies key characteristics of useful quality indicators, including safety, effectiveness, appropriateness, acceptability, and accessibility, and discusses their validity based on face validity, precision, minimum bias, construct validity, and fostering real quality improvement. The report further analyzes the opportunities and challenges in safety and quality performance reporting, such as improvements in coding practices and data availability versus data overload and timeline issues. Relevant indicators for Alfred Hospital are identified, including process and outcome indicators, and a balanced scorecard is proposed to measure and manage quality and safety effectively. The report concludes by emphasizing the importance of continuous improvement and adaptation to enhance patient outcomes and organizational performance.

PERFORMANCE IN QUALITY AND SAFETY

Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction................................................................................................................................3
2.0 Characteristics of useful quality indicators................................................................................5
3.0 Opportunities and challenges for safety and quality performance reporting.............................9
4.0 Identification of relevant indicators for the organisation........................................................12
5.0 Quality and safety balanced scorecard....................................................................................14
6.0 Conclusion...............................................................................................................................17
References......................................................................................................................................18
Page 2 of 21

1.0 Introduction
Quality and safety have become one of the most important aspects of the health care sector. With
the advancements of science and technology, quality improvement has become the most
effective aspect. In the consideration of Dixon-Woods & Martin (2016), the healthcare
institutions devoted to remedial practices require giving strong attempt for medical services.
Implementing dedicated practices for healthcare related settings, the doctors are required to
stream measurable enhancement in the eminence of medical services. According to White et al.
(2016), it can be noted that in the present time, patients are conscious of individual rights in
relation to medical services and the superiority of medical services are being conveyed to them.
There are several measures or indicators that are placed to offer the superiority of services for its
patients devoid of any obtained infection.
It can be stated that the primary reason behind the quality enhancement in the healthcare
institutions is that, in case the practices are stuck with any of the traditional concepts without any
further improvements, it might fail to generate effective results. Hence, it has been determined
that by streamlining the alterations into the system, a fresh degree of performance can be
attained. On the other hand, Graban (2016) stated that replacing the ineffective parts of the
structure with fresh inventions might turn up to be effective and worthy. For the established
effectiveness, advanced methodologies have been incorporated within the healthcare servicer on
the global context. Moreover, Dixon-Woods & Martin (2016) claimed that the digital version of
a patient's medical records renders the actual time records, which are patient centred by nature.
Several healthcare institutions are using EHR (Electronic Healthcare Records) software, which
contains the medical and treatment based histories of patients. The specific software is usually
Page 3 of 21

prepared at doctors’ offices, which generally goes beyond the standard medical data and features
a wider view of the healthcare standards of the patients.
The present report aims to determine the importance of maintaining effective quality and safety
measures within the healthcare institution. The study specifically focuses on the efforts taken by
Alfred Hospital in terms of its quality and safety measures for the patients. The study would also
emphasise on the useful quality indicators, opportunities and challenges Alfred Hospital had to
come across for its safety and quality performance reporting, relevant indicators and finally a
balanced scorecard. The researcher, at the last, concludes the discussion by way of providing an
ending note.
Page 4 of 21

2.0 Characteristics of useful quality indicators
There have been number of clinical indicators that are and useful and utmost required within the
health care institutions. Some of these indicators are briefly mentioned herein:
Safety
It has been determined from the data highlighted in the corporate website of Alfred Hospital that
RiskMan, the incident reporting system act as an integral aspect of the institution’s health risk
management system (Alfredhealth., 2019). The management of the organisation maintains a
system of providing regular training and data for its resources on the use of its incident reporting
system, RiskMan. Moreover, the resources regularly evaluate incidents and the reports trend to
the Quality Committee, Executive Committee and Audit Committee. In the case of serious
incidents, the resources themselves conduct a formal review of the data to reduce safety risk
likelihoods.
Effectiveness
The organisation aims to offer superior quality services to the community that aims to mitigate
the community requirements efficiently and effectively (Alfredhealth., 2019). The organisation
determine the fact that integrated care is required across boundaries with the purpose of attaining
the consistency of care and promote the most suitable degree of care to meet each patients'
demand.
Appropriateness
Page 5 of 21

It has been identified that Alfred Hospital ensures the fact that its medical services are designed
for maintaining improvements in individual health outcomes and also the population health
elates status by dealing out with resources as per the best-practices medical approaches
(Alfredhealth., 2019). The organisation also support a wider range of high-quality health
research activity for contributing fresh knowledge to its resources and using their appropriate
sills acutely to retain high efficiency in terms of quality and safety.
Acceptability
Alfred Hospital in the Australian market operates following a business-line method that aims at
optimizing efficiency, cost-effectiveness and also ensures a service financial feasibility. The
Board members of this organisation are accountable to the Ministers for Health in Australia
(Alfredhealth., 2019). The primary role is conducting acceptable governance exercises in terms
of attaining outlines objectives framed by Alfred Health’s Strategic Plans.
Accessibility
The management of the brand also ensures the fact that its framed mechanisms are available all
over the places to inform its consumers to protect their rights and also facilitate effective and
accessible consultation with the community (Alfredhealth., 2019). Furthermore, Alfred Hospital
also carries out suitable safety and quality enhancement activities that are conveniently carried
out in connection with the operation of a public health service. Proper calculation is further
conducted to maintain process efficiency and accessible service assets.
The indicators discussed above are the basis for creating an effective quality framework within
an healthcare setup. In this context, it may be observed that these indicators have typical
Page 6 of 21

characteristics that may be assessed by the decision makers in order to test their validity in a
given context. Some of these characteristics of are briefly narrated as below:
Face validity
As per the consideration of Graban (2016), it is important for the indicators to capture the aspect
of quality, which is broadly considered important and subject to the provider and maintain
control in the public health system.
Precision
Healy (2016) asserted that the indicators should have the quality of maintaining a substantial
amount of community or provider level variation that is effectively attributable in terms of
random variation. In other words, the indicators should be precise in terms of service delivery.
Minimum bias
The indicators need to have impartial aspects in terms of patients’ disease severities and
comorbidities. Implementation of proper risk adjustment and statistical method needs to be done
to eliminate all forms of bias.
Construct validity
White et al. (2016) noted that the indicators need to perform well in terms of recognising true
quality care problems. The patients might face indifferent issues in terms of medical offered
services, the organisation needs to maintain a construct validity of its system and ensure quality
services are delivered.
Fosters real quality improvement
Page 7 of 21

The indicators within the chosen organisation also require being insulated from perverse
incentives for the providers to augment the reported performance by avoiding complex or
difficult cases (McFadden et al. 2015). The indicators also need to comprehend the likelihoods of
adverse event and also the causes behind the errors and accidents. The key steps of the indicators
are to be maintained with regular practices to ensure high excellence in maintaining risk and
safety.
Application
The steps of the indicators are to be converted into the measurable process and then to be applied
in the practical system to retain service excellence in terms of quality offerings to the patients
(Runciman et al. 2017).
Page 8 of 21

3.0 Opportunities and challenges for safety and quality performance reporting
The opportunities are detailed below:
Improvement in the coding practices
With effective coding practice, the chosen hospital would get an adequate scope of reducing and
controlling its operating costs. Dixon-Woods & Martin (2016) stated that it has become one of
the concerns regarding the confused patient getting trapped between the payer and the provider,
having major doubts regarding the treatment, diagnosis and billing. Therefore, Current
Procedural Terminology codes are considered as a uniform code, which is generally used in
describing the quality medical, diagnostic and surgical services provided by this healthcare
provider (Ball et al. 2015).
Improvement in data availability
For having a fast and appropriate medical coding system to get data available information,
Alfred Hospital would require an expert team of AAPC (American Academy of
Professional Coders), the most certified medical coders those carry an in-depth comprehension
throughout health-related expertise and compliance requirements. Singh et al. (2016) argued that
having an in-house team of effective coding professionals might be sturdy, which might not
result in a high ROI. However, on the other side, the hospital system would get more efficient in
terms of handling more data and maintaining corrective accuracy, based on which the quality
service lines are to be designed for maintaining patient safety (Carthon et al. 2019).
Quality feasible screening
Page 9 of 21

Performance reporting on regular terms helps an organisation to promote its quality improvement
(Rosen et al. 2018). The management enables to maintain a through the track on the performance
lines and skill sets developed by each of the determents in terms of helping patients to get cured
with required medical services (Johnson & Sollecito, 2018). The performance reporting
effectively helps the management to screen on data sheets and to track the areas that require
further attention in terms of quality improvements.
Accuracy
As per Haas et al. (2018), quality performance reporting also helped Alfred Hospital in terms of
controlling its resources behaviours and equivalently their actions as well, that further explains
their future performances. Based on the quality performance reports, the management team of
the organisation enables to set objectives and targets and objectively way in the attainments of
framed goals. In terms of any variances, proper feedback is given, which helps in improving the
medical conformity by eliminating discrepancy in performance (Bernard et al. 2018). Therefore,
the resources within the system are enabling to comprehend the areas they are failing to maintain
standard quality and efforts that can be taken to correct their mistakes. This aspect not only helps
the organisation to improve their performance and augment the business methods but also
reinforce consistency amongst the employer, subordinates and management (Berwick et al.
2018).
The challenges are discussed below:
Data overload
Advance technology platforms that helped Alfred Organisation in the Australian market to
collect adequate real-time and medical data. Also fetch the challenge of data overloading, where
Page 10 of 21

every interaction between the technology and users are recorded (Boamah et al. 2018).
Therefore, the chances of maintaining unimportant data are also high herein, thus, the team
might have to invest unnecessary time to filter the required data out of the insignificant data sets
(Mohr et al. 2018). Hence, to avoid data overload issue, the project team of the organisation
requires assessing and have a correct understanding of accurate data to be monitored and analyse
at a perfect time intervals.
Timelines and integrated feedbacks
In the healthcare segment, it is tough to gather and implement feedback from the end users on the
basis of usability and acceptability of the implementation prior to its launch and on a continuing
source formerly the program has been rolled out. According to Delaney (2018), the planning and
application team of the chosen organisation must balance the requirements to improve the quality
application system and conduct the implementation process on the basis of users’ feedback with
the purpose of moving forward with the quality enhancement intentions. Moreover, van Nunen et
al. (2018) determined that setting effective timelines and limit for the response submission and
also tempering the demands for capabilities of the solution to evolve or change might help Alfred
Hospital to avoid disagreements and delays.
Page 11 of 21

4.0 Identification of relevant indicators for the organisation
The identification of relevant indicators is as follow:
Process indicators
Process indicators are defined as the system that directly measures the performance criteria of a
healthcare institute's key processes that directly affects patients' expectations. In the opinion of
Slade et al. (2018), it can be stated that the process indicator system of Alfred Hospital aims at
measuring the degree of the relevance of its ‘good’ health care service offerings. The indicators
are generally considered by indication to most excellent practice guidelines or values for
particular health-related interventions. Zerillo et al. (2018) stated that in the chosen hospital
process indicators are, in reality, relatively susceptible to the dissimilarities in quality than are
the outcome measures and it might be easy to construe. It might be prioritised to outcome
indicators in which the association between process and outcome can be effectively established
Process indicators are efficiently useful in reflecting the aspects through which things are done
and also highlight the extent to which guidelines, protocols and standards within the healthcare
systems are followed (Henriksen et al. 2018). Thus, following the specific indicators, Alfred
Hospital in the Australian market enables to understand the exact effort it needs to maintain or
provide in terms of redesigning its service quality lines to ensure a strong safety assurance to its
patients. Hence, the process indicators usually reflect the primary drivers related to future
outcomes. Moreover, Bridgeman et al. (2018) claimed that it also facilitates the organisations to
eliminate data overloading issues and also gather outcome of the overtime processes in terms of
medical service offerings. Hence, it can be stated that the process indicators is much easier to
measure than the outcome indicators (Kahwati et al. 2019). Using this indicator, the foundation
Page 12 of 21