Digital Systems, Data Privacy & Intellectual Property in Healthcare

This report examines the increasing dependence of healthcare organizations like Ramsay Healthcare UK on digital information systems and the vulnerabilities that arise from this reliance, particularly concerning data protection and privacy. It discusses internet challenges such as hacking, ...Read More

Creating and
Managing Digital
Systems

Table of Contents
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................2
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Describe why some Healthcare organisations have become dependent and vulnerable because
of using Information Systems.....................................................................................................3
Explain some of the internet challenges faced in view of the protection of Healthcare staff,
patients and customers data, privacy and intellectual property...................................................4
Explain how informed consent, legislation, industry self–regulation and technology tools help
protect the individual privacy of internet users...........................................................................5
Discuss two ways that protect intellectual property rights..........................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................................................................................8
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................8
Characteristics of any project and importance of integration management in Project
Management setting....................................................................................................................8
Scope Statement for a project and the role of Work Breakdown Structure................................9
Approach used to generate a budget for a specific project budget..............................................9
Four types of project risks and the responses used to overcome two of those risks...................9
One Quality methods that is used to ensure successful completion of project.........................10
REFERENCES:.............................................................................................................................11
Books and Journals:..................................................................................................................11
Online .......................................................................................................................................11

TASK 1
INTRODUCTION
Privacy refers to the right of an individual which helps them to get freedom from any
kind of interference and intrusion by another person (de Mello and Ter-Minassian, 2020). It
helps an individual to maintain their personal space and in case of privacy of information, it
provides a right to an individuals to have control on the collection and use of personal
information of an individual. In order to follow fair information practices, it is very essential to
maintain the privacy of individual by protecting their personal information from dissemination to
any unauthorised user. The fair information practices provides for the set of rules and standards
that helps to govern the c9ollectiuon and user of personal data and information of an individual
in order to maintain the accuracy and privacy of the clients (Fair Information Practices (FIP),
2011). In order to complete this report in effective manner the Ramsay Healthcare UK has been
considered. It is a health care company which has its headquarters in United Kingdom. The
business has been founded by Paul Ramsay who is a well known Australian businessman in the
year 2007 and now extending their business in 36 locations. This report is going to contain the
use and dependence of healthcare organisations in information system with some internet
challenges that has been faced by the organisation. The dependence of internet for storing the
data can cost the privacy of staff, patients and consumers in the healthcare organisation which
can be overcomes with the help of legislations and informed consent. Further, this report also
contains the ways in which company can be able to protect the intellectual property right.
MAIN BODY
Describe why some Healthcare organisations have become dependent and vulnerable because of
using Information Systems.
A lot of data is involved in the healthcare organisation which is required to be maintained
by them (Topchiev, 2020). Traditionally, the data has been stored in papers which involves a lot
of paper work and requires a proper area in the organisation to store that data. In the modern
times, with the introduction of information technology, these data has been stored in the
computers which makes it easy for the corporate organisations to maintain the data and
information of their clients, patients, consumers and staff members. In order to protect the data
from being lost due to fault in computers the healthcare organisations has started to use the cloud

facilities that will help the organisations in proper maintenance of the information. This makes
the healthcare organisations dependent on the information system to collect, store, manage,
analyse and optimize the data of the patients and other people connected with the organisation.
The use of information system in Ramsay healthcare UK has also makes them dependent on
these systems as the company is able to maintain the treatment histories of their clients and
manage the data in order to provide effective services to their patients (Hopkinson, De Angelis,
and Zils, 2020). Apart from this the Ramsay Healthcare UK faces vulnerable situation due to the
high dependence of the company on the information system.
The high use of information in the organisation results in the complete storage of data of
the organisation in the computers. At the initial stages, the company has faced the problem of
losing data due to the defaults in the systems which created a difficult situation for the
organisations to retrieve the data. In order to manage this issue, so many healthcare organisations
has started to store their data on the cloud websites which creates a vulnerable issue for the
organisation as all the data has been uploaded on the internet and it involves the risk of hacking
and theft of the personal data of the patients. This can be risky for the clients as healthcare
organisations has a very sensitive information about the clients which can cost their privacy.
Hence, the high dependence of Ramsay Healthcare UK can create a vulnerable situations for
them as it can affect the fair information practices of the company (Gelb, and Mukherjee, 2020).
It became very essential for the organisations to manage this issue of the company and protect
the privacy of their patients, staff and consumer data. Apart from this any kind of attack and
penetration of the networks of the corporate organisations can cause a serious disruption in the
systems of the company.
Explain some of the internet challenges faced in view of the protection of Healthcare staff,
patients and customers data, privacy and intellectual property.
In order to protect the privacy and intellectual property rights of the customers, staff and patient's
data the corporate organisations are required to understand the internet challenges. The main
challenges that are faced by Ramsay Healthcare UK connected with the use of internet and
information technology are given below:
Vulnerability to Hacking: With the increase use of internet, there are many cases registered for
hacking of IP addresses and corporate networks to stole important data of the organisation. Every
business organisation has started to accept online payment these days which results in collection

of personal information of various clients and their payment details also. This requires the
organisation to protect their systems in order to protect them from being stolen by unauthorised
users (Bednar and Welch, 2020). In this manner, the internet has created a challenge for the
business organisations to protect their data from hackers. In case of Ramsay Healthcare UK, the
organisation various sensitive information of the patients apart from their payment details. The
vulnerability to hacking of the corporate networks of Ramsay Healthcare UK can affect the
privacy of their patients and it became a challenge for the company to use the internet for storing
their data.
Protection of Data: The Ramsay healthcare UK contain a lot of personal information of the
clients which also includes their medical history. As the organisation has so many branches, they
are required to upload their data on their corporate networks. This can be possible with the help
of internet and the data has gone through various channels on internet. In this case there are
many stages through which data has been passed and requires to be protected from theft and lost.
There are so many legislation and technological tools that helps the organisation to protect their
data from being lost and stolen that can be used by the organisation. This has created a great
internet challenge for the Ramsay Healthcare UK to cope up with the problem of data protection
within the organisation.
Innovative Ideas became easy to be stolen: The companies has introduced so many innovative
ideas which helps them in their management and practices. The management team of Ramsay
Healthcare UK has also introduced various policies in order to attract more and more potential
customers towards their organisation (Peters, Jandrić and Hayes, 2021). They has provided
various scheme for their customers which they upload on their websites and in other promotional
sites. This results in the use of the same idea by the competitors in their organisation with better
policies. This has also create a great problem for the Ramsay Healthcare UK in order to face this
internet challenge. It is because it cost the intellectual property of the employees and
management of the company.
Explain how informed consent, legislation, industry self–regulation and technology tools help
protect the individual privacy of internet users.
Informed consent refers to the consent which has been taken by various websites to use
the personal data of the visitors. When an individual opens a site, the internet ask for a
permission to provide that the site can use the required information of the client then only access

of the website can be provided to the individual. Asking this kind of permission by the internet is
considered as the informed consent. In case of Ramsay Healthcare UK, the company has also
take this informed consent on their websites whenever the visitors has visited at their websites to
get the access. This informed consent is a part of legislation that helps to provide information to
the users that the website can use their personal data to make them aware before using the
website. It provides a choice to the internet users that whether they wants to share their personal
information or not.
There are many legislations that are formulated to protect the interest of individual in the
use of digital technology (Anthony, Petersen and Helfert, 2020). These laws provides the
solutions to the users in case their privacy has been compromised by any organisation. There are
many legislation that provides for the use of the several rules and regulations in order to protect
the privacy of the individuals. These legislations are the Online Privacy and Disclosure Act,
Electronic Privacy Protection Act, Consumer Online Privacy and others to help the users of the
digital technology to protect their privacy right in the constitutions. There are many laws that are
made to be followed by the organisation to regulate the safety of their consumers and employees.
In case of Ramsay Healthcare UK, the company is also involve in industry self-regulation
process. This requires the company to follow these regulations in order to provide protection to
their patients and staff members.
In the same manner, technology also helps individual in saving their personal information
from being misused. There are so many technological tools that are invented to protect
individuals from hacking and any other illegal activities (Soto-Acosta, 2020). These technical
tools provide safety measures to the digital devices and networks to protect them from the illegal
activities. Apart from this high use of internet requires the publish of innovative idea on the
internet which makes easy for the people to copy idea of someone. For example, it is very easy
for designers of clothes to copy the ideas and design of other designs as their designs are
promoted on internet for their customers. In order to motivate the creative minds it is essential to
provide protection to the intellectual property of an individual and legislations are also
formulated by government to protect the same. In this manner the legislation, industry self
regulations, technology and informed consent helps individual to protect their intellectual
property and privacy rights from being misused on internet.

Discuss two ways that protect intellectual property rights.
There are many ways and legislations that are used by many organisations in order to
protect the intellectual property rights. The two ways in which organisation can be able to protect
the intellectual property rights are with the use of trademark and patent. These two tools are
explained below:
Trademark: Trademark refers the mark and logo that helps an organisation to protect their
goods and services from being imitated by the unauthorised person (Fitriasari, 2020). A
trademark is provided by the government with the help of registering the logo and trademark of
an organisation. It has been used by an organisation on their products and services as a unique
symbol or word that represents the company. In case of Ramsay Healthcare UK, the company
has their own unique symbol which they use on their hospital slips to provide a unique identity
that the services of healthcare is provided by the Ramsay Healthcare UK. It helps the company to
have a unique identity in minds of their customers and helps to protect the intellectual property
right on the services that has been provided by the hospital. There are so many advantages and
disadvantages of trademark for an organisation. Advantage of trademark is that it provides
protection to the organisation of their products and services from imitates whereas the
disadvantage of the Trade Mark is that it is a costly process and registration of trademark
requires to invest good amount of money and time.
Patent: Patent is right that has been provided to the inventors in order to protect their interest in
the inventions. It refers to the exclusive right that has been provide to an individual or an
organisation for the new invention. This tool helps to protect the interest of people in providing
innovative ideas and their inventions. A patent provides a right to the owner to protect their
intellectual property for being used by any unauthorised user and provide legal remedy to
exclude other people from making, using or selling an invention. In case of Ramsay Healthcare
UK, the company has a different research and development department who is involved in
researching the remedies for various disease and in case of any invention, patent helps the
company to protect their intellectual property rights. Patents has their own advantages and
disadvantages which are required to be considered by Ramsay Healthcare UK. The Advantage to
register a patent is that it provides a right to the owner to use the patented formula and authorise
others for a cost (Cino and Vandini, 2020). Whereas the disadvantage of a patent is that the
application process for applying for a patent is a time consuming and a lengthy process.

CONCLUSION
From the above report, it is analysed that it is necessary to note that manage digital
system. It is necessary for the organisation to maintain privacy in order to work effectively.
There is need to keep the data of the clients safe and secure and maintain confidentiality. There
are various laws that are formulated in order to maintain privacy and confidentiality of data. To
maintain customers and serve in an effective manner the organisation must assure that their
information is safe and private. Due to updated technology and digitalisation it is seen that the
healthcare organisation are using Information systems and are being dependent on them. Along
with that there are issues related to use of internet such as vulnerability to hacking, Protection of
Data, innovative ideas became easy to be stolen etc. There is need of legislation, informed
consent, industry self–regulation and technology in order to protect privacy of individuals. The
individuals get intellectual property rights and they must also be protected. The ways that help in
protection of property rights are also discussed in this report. There are some recommendations
that are discussed in the end of this report.
RECOMMENDATIONS
These are the points of recommendations that must be followed by the organisation. They are
discussed below:
 The world is turning digital and now it is necessary for the organisations to switch to
digital modes. The use of latest technology is helpful for the business organisation as it
assist them in completing the work on time. It is important to note that the health care
organisations must also use latest information system as it helps to store ample amount of
data. Also, the data is accessible to the organisation at every time.
 There is issue of privacy that is faced by the organisation. While using latest technology
and digital tools there are more risk of maintain confidentiality and privacy. There are
various laws such as Privacy and Confidentiality in the Nationwide Health Information
Network, June 2006 helps the organisation to keep the data private. Along with that there
must be use of encryption as it help to keep all the information related to customers safe.
It is seen that no one else is able to use the information and that is helpful for the
organisation. It is necessary for them to keep the details about the customers private.
 It is important to take care that the organisation must regularly change the passwords and
set strong passwords. The innovate ideas of the company must be trademark so that no

one else can use the same. They must register the idea of the innovation so that they are
able to use it first. The organisation must regularly check the privacy of data. They must
assure the clients and customers that their information is safe with the company. All these
measures will help the company to maintain privacy and confidentiality with business.
TASK 2
Characteristics of any project and importance of integration management in Project Management
setting
The basic characteristics of any project are listed below:
Goals and Objectives of a project: A project must have an achievable goals and objectives
which helps in completion of the project (Krukhmaleva, 2020).
Requires Funds: Every Project requires some amount of funds in order to complete it in
effective manner. The amount of funds require is depend on the level of project.
Team Spirit: A project requires an effective and skilled team to complete the task that are given
in the project. The team spirit helps the project to be completed in effective manner.
Time required: Every Project has a specific time till which the project is require to be
completed. Every project should be completed on time to be completed in effective and efficient
manner.
Importance of Integration management
Integration Management helps a project to be completes in effective manner by proper
synchronization of all the information and also with the help of team efforts and teamwork.
Integration management helps a project t reduce the confusion in a project and finish all the tasks
that are associated with the project in effective management and proper utilization of resources
that are reusable.
Scope Statement for a project and the role of Work Breakdown Structure
Scope statement of a project helps in providing an in-depth details of a task and work that
is required to be completed in order to provide the output of the project within the provided
budget and time (Abdirad, 2021). The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) also plays an
important role in a project to simplify the work that is require to be completed in any project. It
helps to break down the complex activities and task in smaller activities and task with the proper
order of completion of the task in the given time frame. The main role that has been played by

the WBS in any project is that it defines and also organize all the work that is required to be
completed in a project.
Approach used to generate a budget for a specific project budget
In order to prepare a budget for a project there are two approaches that are popularly used for a
specific project budget (Krukhmaleva, 2020). They are the Top-down and Bottom-up technique
of project budgeting. These two approaches helps a budget in the effective planning and
performance management of budget which results in effective decision making process in an
organisation.
Four types of project risks and the responses used to overcome two of those risks
There are basically four types of risk that are associated with a project that are external,
technical, organization and project management (Fonseca, and Gaspar, 2021). These risk that are
associated with any project are explained below in detail:
External Risk: External risk are those risk that are external and are not in the control of an
organisation. It helps in analysing the risk that can be occurred from ex6ternal forces for the
project such as suppliers and sub-contractors.
Technical Risk: Technical risk refers to the risk which is associated with the usage of various
technology in a project either in the hardware or the software.
Organization Risk: Organisational risk refers to the risk which is associated with organising the
various resources that are used in a project. The culture and resources has a great impact on the
implementation of a project and organizing risk include the risk factor in organising thye
resources and culture in an organisation.
Project management Risk: Project Management risk involves in a project includes all the team
management related issues and other internal aspects which has a direct impact on the success of
the project.
In order to manage and overcome these risk the company is require to use effective
strategies. There are four ways to respond on the risk that are associated with the project that is
transfer, avoid, mitigate and accept the risk that is associated with the project. In order to
overcome the risk that are associated with the project, the company can wither accept the risk or
mitigate with that risk.

One Quality methods that is used to ensure successful completion of project
There are three quality methods that helps management in successful completion of the project
that are evaluation of the project, control and monitoring (Moşteanu, and Faccia, 2020). The one
quality method among which that is the project evaluation is a very effective tool that helps in
ensuring the quality control in the project and successfully completion of the project. The project
evaluation is introduced as a quality method because it helps in evaluation of the project in
different stages ensuring its quality and successful completion.

REFERENCES:
Books and Journals:
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Fonseca, Í.A. and Gaspar, H.M., 2021. Challenges when creating a cohesive digital twin ship: a
data modelling perspective. Ship Technology Research, 68(2), pp.70-83.
Abdirad, H., 2021. Managing Digital Integration Routines in Engineering Firms: Cases of
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Bednar, P.M. and Welch, C., 2020. Socio-technical perspectives on smart working: Creating
meaningful and sustainable systems. Information Systems Frontiers, 22(2), pp.281-298.
Gelb, A. and Mukherjee, A., 2020. Digital technology in social assistance transfers for COVID-
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Hopkinson, P., De Angelis, R. and Zils, M., 2020. Systemic building blocks for creating and
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Online
Fair Information Practices (FIP), 2011. [Online] Available through:
<https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/Fair-Information-Practices-FIP>