Analysis of Heart Rate and SpO2 Measured by Pulse Oximetry Report

This report delves into the technique of pulse oximetry, an invasive method for monitoring blood oxygen saturation (SpO2). It explores the principles behind pulse oximetry, comparing transmissive and reflectance forms, and explains how it measures oxygen levels and heart rate. The report defines SpO2 and heart rate, detailing normal ranges and factors influencing these measurements, such as physical activity, body position, and emotions. It also discusses the impact of various factors like overweight, stimulants, medications, hydration, stress, and anxiety on heart rate measurements, emphasizing the importance of cardiovascular health and the role of an aerobically fit body. The report concludes with a list of relevant references.

Running head: HEART RATE AND SPO2 MEASURED BY PULSE OXIMETRY
Heart Rate and SpO2 Measured by Pulse Oximetry
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1HEART RATE AND SPO2 MEASURED BY PULSE OXIMETRY
1. Introduction
The technique of Pulse Oximetry is defined as an invasive method based on the
monitoring of the saturation oxygen level (SO2) (Lochner et al. 2014). The reflectance form of
pulse oximetry is primarily discussed as an alternative for transmissive pulse oximetry. Pulse
Oximetry defines a form of test technique that helps in the process of measuring the level of
oxygen within blood of a person (Chan, Chan and Chan 2013). This process of Pulse Oximetry
measures the total volume of oxygen, which is sent to the different parts of the body that includes
arms, legs and other parts. The speed of the heartbeat primarily depends on the amount of
physical activity of a person. SpO2 defines the peripheral capillary oxygen saturation. The SpO2
is measured with the aid of a device that is known as a pulse oximeter. The heart beat and the
levels of blood oxygen can be measured with the help of pulse oximeter. These form of devices
are mainly available as an integrated form of wearable activity trackers and home-medical
devices.
The function of oxygen is to bind haemoglobin within the red blood cells when they
would pass through the lungs of a person. This amount of oxygen will be transported throughout
the body of the person in the form of arterial blood. A pulse oximeter makes use of two forms of
frequencies of light such as infrared and red. The pulse oximeter also helps in measuring the
percentage of haemoglobin that is comprised in the blood and gets saturated by oxygen. The
device also displays the rate of heartbeat. This percentage is known as oxygen saturation or
SpO2 (Garde et al. 2013).
The heart rate, which is also called pulse is defined as the number of times the heart beats
in a single minute. The rate of normal heartbeat differs from one person to another. The normal

2HEART RATE AND SPO2 MEASURED BY PULSE OXIMETRY
range of heartbeat for adult persons within the age group of 18 and above is 60 to 100 beats in a
single minute (Kang et al. 2014). The normal range of SpO2 is 98%. The range of SpO2 that is
greater than 90% is considered to be within the acceptable range.
The heart beat is measured as the speed of heart beat, which is measured based on the
number of contractions of the heart beat per minute (BPM). The measurement of heart beat is
affected by different kinds of factors. These include the temperature of air, position of body,
emotions, use of medication and size of body (Herring and Paterson 2018). The outcome of the
measurements based on the heartbeat of persons would be affected by the following factors such
as – overweight, certain stimulants and medications, hydration and temperature level, stress and
anxiety. The cardiovascular level helps in measuring the efficiency of heart based on delivering
of blood within the body of humans. An aerobically fit body helps in the strengthening of heart,
bringing of the increase of efficiency of heart rate. The impact of stress and anxiety could also
elevate the heart beat rate of a person.

3HEART RATE AND SPO2 MEASURED BY PULSE OXIMETRY
2. References
Chan, E.D., Chan, M.M. and Chan, M.M., 2013. Pulse oximetry: understanding its basic
principles facilitates appreciation of its limitations. Respiratory medicine, 107(6), pp.789-799.
Garde, A., Karlen, W., Dehkordi, P., Wensley, D., Ansermino, J.M. and Dumont, G.A., 2013,
July. Oxygen saturation in children with and without obstructive sleep apnea using the phone-
oximeter. In Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2013 35th Annual
International Conference of the IEEE (pp. 2531-2534). IEEE.
Herring, N. and Paterson, D.J., 2018. Levick's introduction to cardiovascular physiology. CRC
Press.
Kang, D., Pikhitsa, P.V., Choi, Y.W., Lee, C., Shin, S.S., Piao, L., Park, B., Suh, K.Y., Kim, T.I.
and Choi, M., 2014. Ultrasensitive mechanical crack-based sensor inspired by the spider sensory
system. Nature, 516(7530), p.222.
Lochner, C.M., Khan, Y., Pierre, A. and Arias, A.C., 2014. All-organic optoelectronic sensor for
pulse oximetry. Nature communications, 5, p.5745.