HF 2: The Role and Dysfunction of Tissues in Heart Functioning

This report provides a comprehensive overview of the different types of tissues found in the human heart, including epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues. It details the specific roles each tissue type plays in maintaining heart function, such as the protective barrier provided by epithelial tissue, the structural support of connective tissue, the contractile function of muscle tissue, and the regulatory role of nervous tissue. The report further explores the consequences of tissue dysfunction, explaining how disruptions in these tissues can affect the heart's ability to pump blood effectively and maintain homeostasis. It emphasizes the importance of each tissue type in overall cardiovascular health, supported by references to relevant scientific literature.

Running Head: HF 0
heart functioning
[Document subtitle]
APRIL 20, 2020
[Company name]
[Company address]

HF 1
Table of Contents
Role of Epithelial tissue.........................................................................................................................2
Connective tissues.............................................................................................................................2
Muscles tissues..................................................................................................................................3
Nervous tissues..................................................................................................................................3
Dysfunction of tissue types................................................................................................................4
References.............................................................................................................................................5

HF 2
Role of Epithelial tissue
Epithelial tissue is made up of squamous, the cuboid, or columnar type of cells with
the squamous cells being plane, cuboid cells are cube-shaped, and the columnar are tall.
These particular tissues enclose the body as the skin. They similarly line different organs,
cavities, and also the different body passageways. There are two different layers of epithelial
type of cells in the human heart. One is called endocardium, that encloses with the lay of
different cells the lumen of the chambers, the other one is called the pericardium, that covers
the heart from outdoor. It creates a barricade between the blood and surrounding tissues,
providing the sharing of nutrients and O2 (May et al., 2012, 89). It creates a self-protective
structure that stops the creation of blood lumps because of parietal stress. It similarly stops
the aggression of the tissues associated with heart through circulating pathogens such as
bacteria. The pericardium is recognized as the outmost layer of the human heart. It is made-
up of visceral and the parietal pericardium. the Pericardium Stops the mechanical type of
stress caused through friction. Friction is produced by the narrowing of the heart muscles,
which is very aggressive. it Creates a harmless situation for the heart, separating the organ
from the thoracic cavity, consequently an infection distressing the bronchopulmonary type of
tract or pleura cannot transport to the heart (Golob et al., 2014, 2003-2013).
Connective tissues
The cardiac skeleton, similarly recognised as the fibrous skeleton associated with the
heart, is a increased-density sole structure of the connective tissue that create and anchors the
heart valves and effects the forces applied through them. The cardiac skeleton splits and
divides the atria (the minor, superior two chambers) from the heart ventricles (the greater,
inferior two chambers). The cardiac skeleton similarly delivers an important border in the
electrical conduction system of the heart as collagen are not able to conduct electricity.
Elastic fibers are recognized as the significant resilient constituent of human connective

HF 3
tissue, and their existence is essential for the suitable structure and purpose of the
cardiovascular, the pulmonary, and intestinal type of systems (Buckberg et al., 2018, 33).
Muscles tissues
Cardiac muscle tissue also called myocardium is identified as one of the three kinds of
muscle tissue in the human body. Cardiac muscle tissues are composed of numerous linking
cardiac muscle associated cells, or different fibers, that provide the tissue its features. every
cardiac muscle associated fiber comprises an only nucleus and is barred, since it may have
light and different black bands when viewed with a microscope. The shady bands characterise
extents of condensed filaments of protein composed of myosin type of proteins that chunk
light transient through the cell and look dark (Liau et al., 2012, 187-206). Among the shady
bands are tinny filaments composed of actin type of protein that allow the light to transmit
through and look light. Once the muscle associated fibers contract, the myosin twitches the
actin type of filaments composed like an accordion to contract the cell of muscle and create it
contract. The other two kinds are skeletal muscle tissue and the smooth muscle associated
tissue. The Cardiac muscle tissue is solitary found in the heart, where it achieves coordinated
shrinkages that permit heart to drive blood through the cardiovascular system. It does this
over particular cells termed pacemaker cells. These regulate the shrinkages of the heart
(Mathur et al., 2016, 203-213).
Nervous tissues
Nervous tissues are composed of cells focussed to receive and convey electrical
compulsions from precise parts of the body and to direct them to explicit positions in the
body prearranged into buildings termed nerves. A nerve contains of a neuron and the glial
cells. The foremost cell associated with nervous system is body’s neuron. These neurons
interconnect with intrathoracic and the extracardiac ganglia, opening a distributive system
that processes both the centripetal and centrifugal type of neuronal instincts for cardiac

HF 4
regulation, under the effect of the CNS, and different circulating catecholamines (Tirziu et
al., 2010, 928-937).
Dysfunction of tissue types
Muscle tissue is important for upholding the body upright, letting it to move, and even
driving blood and forcing food through the gastrointestinal tract. Homeostasis is the
propensity to resist alteration in order to uphold a stable, comparatively constant inner
environment. Homeostasis classically includes negative and positive feedback loops that
counter changes of numerous features from their target values, recognized as set points
(Ecelbarger et al., 2016, 100). Dysfunctional muscle tissue loss their ability to transport
essential component and affect the negative and positive feedback loops. In such as
cardiovascular homeostasis is affected because it loses its ability to turn away blood to
different tissues under stress (Mann et al., 2014).
In order to uphold homeostasis in the circulatory system and deliver passable blood to
body’s tissues, blood movement must be transmitted repeatedly to the body tissues as they
turn out to be more active. Epithelial cells are firmly crammed, and this allow them act as
barricades to the transport of liquids and possibly harmful microorganisms (Blumenthal et al.,
2011). Frequently, the cells are combined by particular junctions that grasp them firmly
together to decrease leaks. altered functioning of epithelial muscles lose this ability and the
proper transport of fluids and nutrients is affected, which ultimately affect functioning of the
heart. One of the foremost functions of the epithelial tissue in the heart, kidney and colon is
absorbing around 90 per cent of the salt and liquid incoming the body. This is desired in order
to uphold continuous extracellular liquid volume and passable blood movement and
henceforth blood pressure. regulation of Electrolyte is also important for the upkeep of
airway surface liquid that facilitates ideal gas conversation in the lungs (Mann et al., 2014).

HF 5

HF 6
References
Blumenthal, R., Foody, J., & Wong, N. D. (2011). Preventive Cardiology: A Companion to
Braunwald's Heart Disease E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Buckberg, G. D., Nanda, N. C., Nguyen, C., & Kocica, M. J. (2018). What is the heart?
Anatomy, function, pathophysiology, and misconceptions. Journal of cardiovascular
development and disease, 5(2), 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd5020033
Ecelbarger, C. M., Chaudhary, D. K., Lee, H., & Tiwari, S. (2016). Molecular Mechanisms of
Body Water Homeostasis. In Colloquium Series on Integrated Systems Physiology:
From Molecule to Function to Disease. Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences, 8(4), 100.
https://doi.org/10.4199/C00144ED1V01Y201610ISP067
Golob, M., Moss, R. L., & Chesler, N. C. (2014). Cardiac tissue structure, properties, and
performance: a materials science perspective. Annals of biomedical
engineering, 42(10), 2003-2013. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-014-1071-z
Liau, B., Zhang, D., & Bursac, N. (2012). Functional cardiac tissue
engineering. Regenerative medicine, 7(2), 187-206. https://doi.org/10.2217/rme.11.122
Mann, D. L., Zipes, D. P., Libby, P., & Bonow, R. O. (2014). Braunwald's heart disease e-
book: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Mathur, A., Ma, Z., Loskill, P., Jeeawoody, S., & Healy, K. E. (2016). In vitro cardiac tissue
models: current status and future prospects. Advanced drug delivery reviews, 96, 203-
213. https://doi.org/10.2217/rme.11.122
May, D., Blow, M. J., Kaplan, T., McCulley, D. J., Jensen, B. C., Akiyama, J. A., ... & Afzal,
V. (2012). Large-scale discovery of enhancers from human heart tissue. Nature
genetics, 44(1), 89. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.1006

HF 7
Tirziu, D., Giordano, F. J., & Simons, M. (2010). Cell communications in the
heart. Circulation, 122(9), 928-937. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.847731